發(fā)布時間：2018-07-10 12:30

  本文選題：同構(gòu)思維 + 三才��； 參考：《北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】："同構(gòu)式"思維是中國傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)的重要思維方式,在以《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》為代表的中醫(yī)學(xué)理論中亦有廣泛體現(xiàn)。該思維所支撐的抽象理論,闡釋范疇間近似性而非確切性的關(guān)聯(lián),側(cè)重描述一種結(jié)構(gòu)上的相似邏輯。同構(gòu)思維是廣義象思維的一種模型化,是其有哲學(xué)提升意義的一處體現(xiàn),然而又不能簡單地用象思維來替代。其秉承象思維相對于概念思維的比喻式特征,可用于應(yīng)對異質(zhì)性的局限。而在整體性、抽象性及分類意義等方面,又對典型的象思維有所超越。首先在中醫(yī)學(xué)的人體構(gòu)造學(xué)說中,這種思維體現(xiàn)為一種自相同構(gòu)式的認(rèn)知,人體的臟與腑,五臟與形體、經(jīng)脈、五官等范疇存在邏輯相似。這種關(guān)聯(lián)以五行的抽象理論為基礎(chǔ)進行分類,每一要素可根據(jù)自己所在類別的典型特質(zhì)進行探究,進而發(fā)掘人體各部分之間相互影響的規(guī)律,在診斷治療上發(fā)揮意義。其次,人受生于天地環(huán)境,在構(gòu)造和運動方式上與天、地有一致特征。人體如一個微縮的宇宙,同構(gòu)于整體模型,既能以人為象認(rèn)知環(huán)境,也可以天為象理解自身。在這個框架下,古人提出"天人合一"的健康理念和哲學(xué)精神,倡導(dǎo)以天地的運動方式為范例,去實踐從背離走向正常狀態(tài)的回歸。又如,社會關(guān)系乃至整個人文體系的建立,也有與人體同構(gòu)的邏輯。而這背后,仍是人與天地一致性的整體框架。"心"兼指思維活動,與君主在地位和責(zé)任角度有相似聯(lián)系,以此為中心,職能部門分別設(shè)立。這為現(xiàn)世政治模式提供了合理性的參照依據(jù)。再者,外部環(huán)境與人的體內(nèi)環(huán)境是交互影響的,這種關(guān)系有同構(gòu)對應(yīng)的模式。環(huán)境對人的影響體現(xiàn)在時間周期和地理方位層面,具有必要的醫(yī)學(xué)參考價值。而人對環(huán)境的同構(gòu)式影響,古人從"同氣相求"的原理進行理解,稱之為"天人感應(yīng)",這給社會的管理者提出了 "正心修身"的嚴(yán)肅要求。范疇之間的同構(gòu)對應(yīng)方式不止一種,并不能視為相互矛盾。具體對象有其復(fù)雜因素,是多重性質(zhì)的復(fù)合體。兩范疇之間,允許存在一種以上的同構(gòu)方式,以不同面向來認(rèn)知要素的序位,這即形成多維度的特點,可以并行參考。另外,各范疇的實際近似程度高低不一,所以并不存在全然的對應(yīng)�？蚣艽篌w相合以外的不整齊或不清晰部分,即產(chǎn)生邏輯上位于邊緣的要素。這些非典型要素也需要獨立分析和修正,才能保障這種思維不至狹隘。本文結(jié)合《內(nèi)經(jīng)》理論體系,以中醫(yī)學(xué)和中國傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)思想中人體構(gòu)造、"三才"模型、社會關(guān)系的構(gòu)建、人與環(huán)境的相互影響等方面為例,解讀同構(gòu)思維的特征及應(yīng)用意義。
[Abstract]:The thinking of "isomorphism" is an important mode of thinking in Chinese traditional philosophy, which is widely reflected in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine represented by Huangdi's Classic of Internal Medicine. The abstract theory supported by this thinking interprets the relation of approximation rather than certainty between categories and focuses on the description of a structural similarity logic. Isomorphic thinking is a kind of modelization of generalized image thinking and a reflection of its significance of philosophical promotion. However, it cannot be simply replaced by image thinking. The metaphorical characteristics of image thinking relative to conceptual thinking can be used to deal with the limitations of heterogeneity. In the aspects of integrity, abstractness and taxonomic significance, it transcends typical image thinking. Firstly, in the theory of human body construction in traditional Chinese medicine, this kind of thinking is embodied as a kind of self-isomorphic cognition, in which the viscera and the internal organs of the human body, the five viscera and the body, the meridian and the five senses are logically similar. The relationship is classified on the basis of the abstract theory of the five elements. Each element can be explored according to the typical characteristics of its own category, and then explore the law of the interaction between different parts of the human body, and play a significant role in diagnosis and treatment. Secondly, man is born in heaven and earth, and has the same characteristics in structure and movement. The human body, like a microcosm, is isomorphic to the global model, and can understand itself in both artificial and celestial images. In this framework, the ancients put forward the health concept and philosophical spirit of "the unity of nature and man", and advocated the return of practice from deviation to normal state by taking the movement of heaven and earth as an example. For example, the establishment of social relations and even the whole human system has the logic of isomorphism with the human body. And behind this, still is the whole frame that person and heaven consistency. Mind "also refers to thinking activities, similar to the monarch in terms of status and responsibility." This provides a reasonable reference for the political model of the world. Moreover, the external environment and human's internal environment are interactive, and the relationship has a corresponding pattern. The influence of environment on human is reflected in time cycle and geographical orientation, which has the necessary medical reference value. The influence of human on the environment isomorphism, which the ancients understood from the principle of "seeking for each other with the same Qi", and called it "the feeling of Heaven and Man", which put forward the serious requirement of "positive mind and self-cultivation" to the managers of society. There is more than one isomorphic correspondence between categories, which can not be regarded as contradictory. The concrete object has its complex factor and is a complex of multiple properties. Between the two categories, more than one isomorphism mode is allowed to recognize the order of elements in different directions, which forms a multi-dimensional feature and can be referred to in parallel. In addition, the actual degree of approximation varies from category to category, so there is no complete correspondence. An irregular or unclear part of the frame that is, the element that is logically at the edge of the frame. These atypical elements also need independent analysis and revision to ensure that this thinking is not narrow. Based on the theoretical system of the Internal Classic, this paper takes the human body construction, the "three talents" model, the social relationship construction and the interaction between human and environment as examples to interpret the characteristics and application significance of isomorphic thinking in Chinese traditional philosophy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R221

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