本文選題：黃蜀葵 + 資源性物質(zhì)�。� 參考：《南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文共分四章內(nèi)容。第一章文獻綜述。對黃蜀葵Abelmoschus manihot(L.)Medic.藥用植物資源本草記載品種、藥性及其功用進行了考證,并對其主要化學(xué)成分組成類型及分布、資源利用現(xiàn)狀等進行了綜述。在此基礎(chǔ)上,基于黃蜀葵植株中多糖類成分含量較多但現(xiàn)有研究大都停留在粗多糖階段的研究現(xiàn)狀,對現(xiàn)有植物多糖類物質(zhì)提取、分離純化及其主要生物活性研究進展進行了分析整理,以期為提升黃蜀葵多糖類資源性化學(xué)成分的利用效率及效益提供借鑒,為黃蜀葵產(chǎn)業(yè)化過程中副產(chǎn)物的資源化利用提供支撐。第二章黃蜀葵花藥材采收期不同組織器官資源性化學(xué)成分分析與評價。分別采用高效液相色譜法(HPLC)、超高效液相色譜串聯(lián)三重四極桿質(zhì)譜法(UPLC-TQ/Ms)、紫外可見分光光度法、粗纖維測定法(Weende)分析評價了黃蜀葵采收藥用部位花冠過程中產(chǎn)生的不同組織器官(根、莖、葉和花)中黃酮類、核苷類、氨基酸類、可溶性多糖類、總纖維等資源性化學(xué)成分的組成及含量。結(jié)果顯示,黃蜀葵花中富含黃酮類資源性化學(xué)成分,主要組成為金絲桃苷、異槲皮苷、棉皮素-8-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、楊梅素、槲皮素-3'-O-葡萄糖苷、蘆丁和槲皮素,總量為25.450 mg/g,葉片亦有少量黃酮類資源性化學(xué)成分分布。黃蜀葵不同組織器官均富含可溶性多糖類組分和總纖維,其中莖中總多糖含量較高,達10.86%,根中總纖維含量較高,可達29.88%。在黃蜀葵植物中共檢出21種氨基酸類和9種核苷類資源性化學(xué)成分,其中花中氨基酸類化學(xué)成分種類及含量較為豐富,達4.737 mg/g;葉中核苷類化學(xué)成分含量較為豐富,為1.474 mg/g。研究結(jié)果為黃蜀葵植物采收花后不同組織器官的精細(xì)化利用與產(chǎn)業(yè)化開發(fā)提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。第三章黃蜀葵種子中資源性化學(xué)成分的分析與評價。分別采用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用法、UPLC-TQ/MS、紫外可見分光光度法、粗纖維測定法、BCA試劑盒法對黃蜀葵成熟種子中的主要資源性化學(xué)成分進行了分析評價。結(jié)果表明,黃蜀葵種子含有豐富的脂肪酸類、可溶性多糖類、總纖維、可溶性蛋白、游離氨基酸類、核苷及堿基類成分。其中脂肪酸總量可達10.22%,不飽和脂肪酸占脂肪酸總量的78.01%～79.40%;可溶性總多糖、總纖維和可溶性蛋白含量分別為6.53%～6.68%、12.77%～14.26%、10.36%～14.51%;檢出的19種游離氨基酸類和7種核苷及堿基類成分中,氨基酸類成分較為豐富(10.08%～10.15%),其中必需氨基酸約占游離氨基酸總量的38.42%～39.40%;核苷類成分含量相對較低(3.01～3.11 mg/g)。研究結(jié)果為黃蜀葵種子的資源化利用提供了理論依據(jù)。第四章黃蜀葵資源循環(huán)利用研究�；谇拔难芯堪l(fā)現(xiàn)黃蜀葵莖葉中多糖類組分相對較為豐富,具有潛在的資源價值,但目前研究及利用較少。此外,黃蜀葵花深加工過程中產(chǎn)生的藥渣大都廢棄,造成資源浪費。因此為了更好地利用黃蜀葵非藥用部位和花藥渣資源,提升黃蜀葵資源利用效率,開展以下研究工作:(一)黃蜀葵莖葉多糖分離純化研究及其結(jié)構(gòu)表征。通過正交實驗研究黃蜀葵莖葉多糖的最佳提取工藝,在單因素試驗中,發(fā)現(xiàn)提取溫度、提取時間和料液比對多糖提取率影響最大,因此設(shè)計三因素三水平表,最終得到了黃蜀葵莖葉多糖的最佳提取工藝,分別是提取時間3 h,料液比1:20,提取溫度100℃C,提取兩次,并在后續(xù)試驗中得到驗證。在最佳提取工藝的基礎(chǔ)上,以體外免疫活性為導(dǎo)向,通過大孔樹脂、在線膜截留系統(tǒng)和DEAE-52陰離子交換樹脂,分步分離純化黃蜀葵莖葉多糖,最終得到一種分子量均一,純度較高的黃蜀葵精制免疫活性多糖,命名為HSK-JT。經(jīng)過高效液相凝膠滲透色譜法(HPGPC),采用GPC分子量分布軟件計算其數(shù)均分子量、重均分子量及分布系數(shù),其重均分子量為13821Da,分布系數(shù)為1.9654。(二)黃蜀葵莖葉多糖免疫活性評價。采用免疫細(xì)胞及小鼠免疫抑制模型,分別從體外及體內(nèi)兩條途徑對黃蜀葵精制多糖(KSK-JT)免疫活性進行了評價。體外細(xì)胞試驗結(jié)果顯示:黃蜀葵精制多糖可顯著促進小鼠脾細(xì)胞的體外增殖,并表現(xiàn)出一定的雙向劑量關(guān)系,也可促進小鼠單核巨噬細(xì)胞RAW264.7產(chǎn)生NO,其促進作用與濃度呈正相關(guān),表明黃蜀葵精制多糖可促進免疫細(xì)胞增殖,且可直接作用于RAW264.7細(xì)胞從而激活巨噬細(xì)胞,提高其吞噬能力,促進其釋放NO,從體外細(xì)胞模型提示黃蜀葵精制多糖具有免疫調(diào)節(jié)活性;基于小鼠免疫抑制模型試驗結(jié)果顯示,黃蜀葵精制多糖可調(diào)節(jié)環(huán)磷酰胺致免疫抑制模型小鼠免疫器官指數(shù)、外周血象中白細(xì)胞數(shù)、血清細(xì)胞免疫因子等相關(guān)免疫指標(biāo),表現(xiàn)出一定的免疫增強活性,且黃蜀葵精制多糖干預(yù)作用比黃蜀葵粗多糖更好。研究結(jié)果基于黃蜀葵莖葉多糖研制具有免疫增強作用的藥物或保健食品提供了數(shù)據(jù)支撐。(三)黃蜀葵花藥渣資源性物質(zhì)評價及其生物炭化研究。在對黃蜀葵花藥渣中各類資源性化學(xué)成分進行分析評價的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了黃蜀葵藥渣的資源化利用策略。此外,基于其豐富的維素類成分(總量為13.40%),開展了基于黃葵花渣制備生物炭工藝研究,并對其相關(guān)理化指標(biāo)進行了測定,研究結(jié)果為黃蜀葵花藥渣的再生利用提供了支撐。
[Abstract]:This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is a literature review. The medicinal plant resources of the Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic. of the marshmallow are tested, and their main components and distribution and the utilization status of the resources are described. Based on this, the polysaccharides from the plant of the marshmallow are based on this. The research progress of the extraction, separation and purification and the main biological activity of the existing plant polysaccharides are analyzed in order to provide reference for the utilization efficiency and benefit of the resources of the polysaccharides of the marshmallow. The resource utilization of by-products in the process is supported. The second chapter analysis and evaluation of the chemical composition of different tissues and organs in the harvest period of Shu sunflower, respectively, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), super high performance liquid chromatography with three heavy quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQ/Ms), ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry, and crude fiber determination (Weende) The composition and content of the flavonoids, nucleosides, amino acids, soluble polysaccharides and total fibers in the different tissues and organs (root, stem, Ye Hehua) of the medicinal part of the anemone were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the flavonoids in the sunflower were rich in flavonoids, which were mainly composed of Hypericum. Glucoside, isoquercetin, anothelin -8-O- glucuronide, myricetin, quercetin -3'-O- glucoside, rutin and quercetin, with a total amount of 25.450 mg/g, and a small amount of flavonoids in the leaves were distributed. The different tissues and organs of the anemone were rich in soluble polysaccharide components and total fiber, and the total polysaccharide content in the stem was higher, up to 10.86%. There are 21 kinds of amino acids and 9 kinds of nucleoside chemical constituents in the root of the root of the marshmallow, of which the species and content of the amino acids in the flower are more abundant, up to 4.737 mg/g, and the contents of the nucleosides in the leaves are more abundant, and the results of the study for the 29.88%. are 1.474 mg/g.. A scientific basis for the fine utilization of different tissues and organs and industrial development was provided after collecting flowers. The analysis and evaluation of the resource chemical components in the seeds of the anflower in the third chapter were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, UPLC-TQ/MS, UV visible spectrophotometry, crude fiber determination, and BCA Kit Method for the main seeds of the mature marshmallow seeds. The results showed that the seeds of the marshmallow were rich in fatty acids, soluble polysaccharides, total fibers, soluble proteins, free amino acids, nucleosides and base groups. The total amount of fatty acids could reach 10.22%, unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 78.01% to 79.40% of the total fatty acids, and the total soluble polysaccharides were soluble. Total fiber and soluble protein content were 6.53% to 6.68%, 12.77% to 14.26%, 10.36% to 14.51%, 19 free amino acids and 7 nucleosides and base groups were found to be rich in amino acids (10.08% to 10.15%), of which essential amino acids accounted for 38.42% to 39.40% of the total free amino acids, and the content of nucleosides was relative. Lower (3.01 ~ 3.11 mg/g). The research results provide a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of the seeds of the sunflower. Fourth chapters on the recycling of the resources of the marshmallow. Based on the previous study, it is found that the polysaccharides in the stems and leaves of the sunflower are relatively rich and have potential resource value, but the study and utilization are less. In order to make better use of the resources of the non medicinal parts of the anemone and anther residue, and to improve the utilization efficiency of the resources of the anemone, the following research work is carried out: (1) study on the separation and purification of Polysaccharides from the stem and leaves of the anemone and the characterization of its structure. In the optimum extraction process, it was found that the extraction temperature, extraction time and liquid ratio had the greatest influence on the extraction rate of polysaccharide in single factor test. Therefore, the optimum extraction process of three factors and three levels was designed, and the extraction time was 3 h, the ratio of material to liquid was at 1:20, the extraction temperature was 100 C, and the extraction was two times in the follow-up test. On the basis of the best extraction process, the polysaccharide was separated and purified step by step by macroporous resin, on-line membrane retention system and DEAE-52 anion exchange resin, and finally got a kind of polysaccharide with homogeneous molecular weight and high purity, and named HSK-JT. after the purification. High performance liquid gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) was used to calculate the molecular weight, weight average molecular weight and distribution coefficient of GPC molecular weight distribution software. The weight average molecular weight was 13821Da, the distribution coefficient was 1.9654. (two) of the polysaccharide immunoreactivity of the stem and leaf of orhospora. Using immuno cell and mouse immunosuppressive model, it was from two in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The immunological activity of the KSK-JT was evaluated. The results of cell test in vitro showed that the polysaccharides from the refined marshmallow could significantly promote the proliferation of mouse spleen cells in vitro, and showed a certain two-way dose relationship, and could also promote the production of NO in the monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 in mice, and the effect was positively correlated with the concentration. The polysaccharides from the mallow can promote the proliferation of immune cells, and can directly act on RAW264.7 cells to activate macrophages, improve their phagocytosis, and promote the release of NO. From the cell model in vitro, it is suggested that the polysaccharide of the mallow is immune to the immune regulation activity. The immune organ index of the immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide, the number of white cells in the peripheral hemogram, the immune factors of the serum cell immune factors, and other related immune indexes, showed a certain immune enhancement activity, and the intervention of the refined polysaccharides from the mallow was better than the polysaccharide of the mallow. The results of the study were based on the immunization of the polysaccharide of the stem and leaf of the mallow. The powerful drug or health food provided data support. (three) the resource evaluation and biological carbonization of the medicament residue of the sunflower sunflower. Based on the analysis and evaluation of various resource chemical components in the medicament residue of the sunflower flower, the strategy of resource utilization was put forward. The total amount was 13.40%). The study on the preparation of biological carbon based on the flower residue of sunflower was carried out, and the related physicochemical indexes were measured. The results provided support for the reutilization of the medicinal residue of the sunflower.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R284.1

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