本文選題：職業(yè)性肌肉骨骼疾患　切入點(diǎn)：護(hù)理人員　出處：《新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:1.了解護(hù)理人員職業(yè)性肌肉骨骼疾患(OMD)的現(xiàn)狀。2.分析護(hù)理人員OMD的防護(hù)“知-信-行”現(xiàn)狀。3.探討護(hù)理人員OMD防護(hù)“知-信-行”的影響因素。4.探討護(hù)理人員OMD防護(hù)相關(guān)知識、防護(hù)態(tài)度和防護(hù)行為的相關(guān)性以及OMD與OMD防護(hù)“知-信-行”的關(guān)系。方法:采用分層整群抽樣的方法,于2016年5月1日至8月31日從新疆烏魯木齊市三級甲等醫(yī)院中隨機(jī)抽取2家綜合醫(yī)院和2家�？漆t(yī)院,應(yīng)用護(hù)理人員OMD癥狀自評量表調(diào)查護(hù)理人員OMD發(fā)生率,應(yīng)用自行設(shè)計的護(hù)理人員OMD防護(hù)相關(guān)知識、態(tài)度、行為和組織支持調(diào)查表進(jìn)行護(hù)理人員OMD防護(hù)狀況調(diào)查,并探討其影響因素。結(jié)果:1.本研究共調(diào)查1342名護(hù)理人員,其OMD曾發(fā)生率、年發(fā)生率和周發(fā)生率分別為:87.93%、79.06%和66.09%。其中,OMD的好發(fā)部位主要是腰部、頸部、肩部和背部,其年發(fā)生率分別為65.35%、62.67%、54.84%和43.52%。護(hù)理人員一個部位、兩個部位、三個及以上部位的年發(fā)生率分別為11.49%、15.55%和72.95%。自參加護(hù)理工作至今、近一年和近一周三個時間層面因OMD缺勤的護(hù)理人員分別為10.13%、7.89%和3.43%,其中,因腰部缺勤人數(shù)最多,缺勤率分別為6.63%、5.37%和2.16%。2.護(hù)理人員OMD防護(hù)問卷的各維度及總問卷的Cronbach’sα系數(shù)在0.833~0.977之間,折半信度在0.751~0.975之間,重測信度在0.725~0.954之間,防護(hù)相關(guān)知識、防護(hù)態(tài)度、防護(hù)行為及組織支持維度的內(nèi)容效度分別為0.940、0.963、0.919和0.852,經(jīng)探索性因素分析提取8個公因子,累計貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)73.715%。3.護(hù)理人員OMD防護(hù)相關(guān)知識總分為(38.41±13.33)分,防護(hù)態(tài)度總分為(31.84±6.27)分,防護(hù)行為總分為(43.45±9.68)分。90.24%的醫(yī)院或科室無OMD防護(hù)體檢制度,僅11.69%有協(xié)助病人搬運(yùn)或移動的機(jī)械裝置,15.35%的醫(yī)院或科室組織過OMD防護(hù)技能的崗前或在崗培訓(xùn)。4.護(hù)理人員OMD防護(hù)“知-信-行”的影響因素分析結(jié)果:(1)單因素分析:性別、年齡、工齡、民族、文化程度、技術(shù)職稱、科室、婚姻狀況、生育狀況、培訓(xùn)狀況和醫(yī)院性質(zhì)11個因素為OMD防護(hù)“知-信-行”的影響因素。(2)logistic回歸分析:文化程度、ICU、手術(shù)室、生育狀況、醫(yī)院性質(zhì)、是否曾參加培訓(xùn)為OMD防護(hù)“知-信-行”的主要影響因素。5.護(hù)理人員OMD防護(hù)相關(guān)知識和防護(hù)態(tài)度、防護(hù)行為呈正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.178和0.312(均P0.01),防護(hù)態(tài)度和防護(hù)行為呈正相關(guān)(r=0.237,P0.01)。OMD組的護(hù)理人員防護(hù)相關(guān)知識、防護(hù)行為和防護(hù)總分均低于非OMD組的護(hù)理人員(P0.05),防護(hù)態(tài)度得分差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)。結(jié)論:護(hù)理人員OMD發(fā)生率高,主要以腰部、頸部、肩部和背部損傷為主,但護(hù)理人員缺乏OMD防護(hù)相關(guān)知識,防護(hù)行為不足,且醫(yī)院及科室支持不足,建議醫(yī)院相關(guān)部門及護(hù)理管理者給予足夠的人員配備及設(shè)備支持,并加強(qiáng)對護(hù)理人員OMD防護(hù)相關(guān)知識和技能的培訓(xùn),引導(dǎo)護(hù)理人員形成正確的防護(hù)行為,促進(jìn)其職業(yè)健康。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. To understand the current situation of nurses with occupational musculoskeletal diseases. 2. To analyze the current situation of OMD protection of nurses. 3. To explore the influencing factors of OMD protection for nurses. Knowledge of OMD protection, The correlation between protective attitude and protective behavior and the relationship between OMD and OMD protection. Methods: stratified cluster sampling was used. From May 1 to August 31, 2016, 2 general hospitals and 2 specialized hospitals were randomly selected from Grade 3A Hospital in Urumqi, Xinjiang. The incidence of OMD among nurses was investigated by OMD symptom Checklist (SCL-90). A self-designed questionnaire on the knowledge, attitude, behavior and organizational support of OMD protection was used to investigate the protective status of OMD among nurses and its influencing factors. Results: 1. A total of 1342 nurses were investigated in this study. The annual incidence of OMD was 79.06% and 66.09%, respectively. The most common sites of OMD were waist, neck, shoulder and back. The annual incidence rates were 65.35%, 62.67% and 43.52%, respectively. The annual incidences of the three and more parts were 11.495.55% and 72.955.The number of nurses who were absent from work for nearly one year and one week due to OMD were 10.137.89% and 3.43% respectively, among which, the number of absentees from the waist was the most. The absenteeism rates were 6.63% and 2.16%, respectively. The Cronbach's 偽 coefficient of the OMD protection questionnaire and the total questionnaire were 0.8330.97, 0.7510.95, 0.725 and 0.954, respectively. The content validity of the dimension of protective behavior and organizational support were 0.940 / 0.963N 0.919 and 0.852respectively. Eight common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 73.715.3.The total score of OMD protection related knowledge of nurses was 38.41 鹵13.33, and the total score of protective attitude was 31.84 鹵6.27. The total score of protective behavior was 43.45 鹵9.68). 90.24% of the hospitals or departments had no OMD physical examination system. Only 11.69% (15.35%) of hospitals or departments have organized pre-service or in-service training on OMD protection skills. 4. Analysis of the influencing factors of OMD protection for nursing staff: sex, age, age, sex, age, age, sex, age, and age. Years of service, nationality, education level, technical title, department, marital status, fertility status, training status and hospital nature were the influencing factors of OMD protection. Fertility status, nature of hospital, whether have participated in training as the main influencing factors of "knowledge, faith and behavior" of OMD protection. 5. Knowledge and attitude of OMD protection of nursing staff, and protective behavior are positively correlated. The correlation coefficients were 0.178 and 0.312 (all P 0.01). There was a positive correlation between protective attitude and protective behavior. The protective behavior and the total score of protection were lower than those of the non-#en0# group, and there was no significant difference in the scores of protective attitude. Conclusion: the incidence of OMD in nursing staff is high, mainly in waist, neck, shoulder and back. However, the nurses lack the knowledge of OMD protection, the protective behavior is insufficient, and the hospital and department support is insufficient. It is suggested that the hospital relevant departments and nursing managers should provide adequate staffing and equipment support. We should strengthen the training of nurses' OMD protection knowledge and skills, guide nurses to form correct protective behavior and promote their occupational health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R473

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