本文關(guān)鍵詞：中藥材重金屬限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和農(nóng)殘限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定相關(guān)建議　出處：《北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 中藥 中藥材 重金屬 農(nóng)藥殘留 藥品標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 中藥材質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

【摘要】：中藥作為中國的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn),是我國勞動人民智慧的結(jié)晶。改革開放以來,中國的中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)得到了迅速地發(fā)展。與此同時(shí),我國的藥品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也得到了快速的發(fā)展。目前已建立了以《中國藥典》為核心的藥品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。中藥材重金屬限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和中藥材農(nóng)藥殘留限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為藥品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系的中的組成部分,關(guān)系著中藥材的用藥安全和療效的發(fā)揮。因此,為了保證中藥的安全性與療效,須制定科學(xué)合理的中藥材重金屬限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和中藥材農(nóng)藥殘留限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1.研究目的及意義1.1研究目的本文主要通過文獻(xiàn)查詢與分析研究,了解國內(nèi)外中藥材重金屬限量和農(nóng)藥殘留限量情況,對現(xiàn)階段我國中藥材重金屬限量和農(nóng)藥殘留限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作提出建議。本文內(nèi)容分為兩部分,一是對中藥材重金屬限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的現(xiàn)狀分析;二是對中藥材農(nóng)藥殘留限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的現(xiàn)狀分析。將我國與世界其他主要國家有關(guān)中藥材(植物藥)重金屬限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和農(nóng)藥殘留限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行分析比較,從藥事管理學(xué)的層面提出相關(guān)建議。1.2研究意義隨著世界各國對中藥材(植物藥)認(rèn)可程度的增加,中藥材的安全問題也更加引起人們的關(guān)注。近年來,關(guān)于中藥重金屬和農(nóng)藥殘留超標(biāo)的報(bào)道屢見不鮮,這不僅嚴(yán)重影響中藥的用藥安全,而且也阻礙了中藥的出口,制約了中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)的發(fā)展。我國中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)的發(fā)展離不開中藥質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的完善。本研究對于中藥材重金屬限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及中藥材農(nóng)殘標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。2.研究內(nèi)容主要研究內(nèi)容分成兩大方面:中藥材重金屬污染及重金屬限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定研究和中藥材農(nóng)藥殘留污染及農(nóng)藥殘留限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定研究。中藥材重金屬污染及限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定研究包括:中藥材中重金屬污染的現(xiàn)狀、中藥材中重金屬的檢測方法研究、國內(nèi)外中藥材重金屬限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)狀及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較分析及對我國中藥材重金屬限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定工作的建議。中藥材農(nóng)藥殘留污染及限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定研究包括：中藥材中農(nóng)藥殘留污染的現(xiàn)狀、中藥材中農(nóng)藥殘留檢測方法概述、國內(nèi)外中藥材農(nóng)藥殘留限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)狀及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較分析及對我國中藥材農(nóng)藥殘留限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定工作的建議。3.研究方法本課題主要研究方法為文獻(xiàn)研究法。文獻(xiàn)研究法指通過搜集、整理、鑒別文獻(xiàn),根據(jù)一定的研究目的或課題要求,從而全面正確地分析、掌握所要研究問題的一種方法。文獻(xiàn)檢索時(shí)間:2016年12月31日前發(fā)表的所有相關(guān)的主要文獻(xiàn)。數(shù)據(jù)主要從中國學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版總庫、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫、維普網(wǎng)、中國知網(wǎng)(CNKI)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)、國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下載網(wǎng)和中國農(nóng)藥信息網(wǎng)等網(wǎng)站獲得。4.結(jié)語本論文通過對各國家(地區(qū))中藥材(植物藥)重金屬限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、中藥材(植物藥)農(nóng)殘限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及我國相關(guān)法規(guī)政策的研究,提出如下若干意見與建議:(1)為保證中藥材殘留檢測標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定的科學(xué)與合理性,需要加強(qiáng)中藥材中重金屬及有害元素、農(nóng)藥殘留的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估研究,建立有效的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估系統(tǒng)。在中藥材中重金屬及有害元素與農(nóng)藥殘留風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估研究過程中,重視樣品篩查數(shù)據(jù)的利用。(2)中藥材農(nóng)藥殘留的檢測方法和檢測技術(shù)需要進(jìn)一步完善。有必要建立一套更為簡便、快捷、經(jīng)濟(jì)的中藥材農(nóng)藥多殘留分析方法。(3)中國藥典標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的中藥材中重金屬檢測方法與國際通行方法基本一致。但有待建立適用于重金屬快速檢測的方法,如離子免疫檢測法,有效提高檢測效率,適應(yīng)基層或現(xiàn)場檢測的需要。(4)目前,我國中藥材種植中農(nóng)藥使用的管理制度尚不完善,需要根據(jù)栽培品種的實(shí)際情況限定農(nóng)藥的使用范圍和種類;在充分考慮我國國情及用藥實(shí)際需求的情況下,嚴(yán)格控制農(nóng)藥使用品種,有效降低農(nóng)藥殘留量。(5)完善中藥材農(nóng)藥登記管理制度并健全登記使用農(nóng)藥的中藥材品種,需要農(nóng)業(yè)部門和國家食品藥品監(jiān)督管理部門共同完成,二者協(xié)同管理。(6)目前我國食品中農(nóng)藥殘留風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估方面研究較完善,由于中藥材與食品具有天然近似屬性,建議中藥材農(nóng)藥殘留風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估及評價(jià)研究可以參考《食品中農(nóng)藥殘留風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估指南》中規(guī)定的設(shè)計(jì)思路,借鑒有益的研究內(nèi)容和手段,獨(dú)立探索,多方論證,確立合乎我國國情的方法,從而為我國中藥材殘留檢測標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的修訂與完善提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。(7)中藥材農(nóng)殘超標(biāo)問題應(yīng)從源頭抓起,為減少中藥材種植過程中濫用農(nóng)藥的現(xiàn)象,建議考慮制定中藥材種植農(nóng)藥使用指導(dǎo)原則,并有效實(shí)施。(8)建議在未來我國中藥材農(nóng)藥殘留標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更加完善的基礎(chǔ)上,再進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)中藥材中重金屬銅的限量方面的研究。
[Abstract]:As a traditional Chinese medicine China intangible cultural heritage, is the crystallization of the wisdom of working people in our country. Since the reform and opening up, Chinese medicine Chinese has been developing rapidly. At the same time, China's drug standard has also been a rapid development. The establishment of the drug standard system to China < > as the core in the Pharmacopoeia. Heavy metals limit and pesticide residue limits as part of the drug standard system of the relationship between drug safety and efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines play. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, the research purpose and significance of the standard.1. limited residual shall establish a scientific and rational in the heavy metals limit and in the pesticide 1.1 the purpose of this study is mainly through literature search and analysis research, understand the medicinal materials at home and abroad in the limits of heavy metals and pesticide residues, the present stage of China Chinese herbal medicine and pesticide residue limits of heavy metals proposed limits. The paper is divided into two parts, one is the analysis of the present situation of heavy metals limit standard; two is the limit standard of the pesticide residue analysis. Our country will have the medicine and other major countries in the world (herbal) limited standards of heavy metal residue limits and pesticides were analyzed and compared, from the pharmacy management level put forward relevant suggestions.1.2 significance with the world of Chinese herbal medicine (herbal medicine) to increase the recognition degree, the security problem of Chinese herbal medicines also attracts more attention to people. In recent years, Chinese medicine on heavy metals and pesticide residues exceed the standard reports It is often seen. which not only seriously. The effect of Chinese drug safety, but also hinders the export of traditional Chinese medicine, has restricted the development of Chinese medicine. The development of the Chinese medicine industry cannot do without traditional Chinese Medicine To improve the quality standard of.2.. This study has certain practical significance for the research of Chinese herbal medicine and pesticide residue limits of heavy metals standard standards of Chinese herbal medicines. The main research contents are divided into two aspects: the Chinese heavy metal pollution limits of heavy metals and standard residue limit standards of pollution and pesticide research and Chinese herbal medicine. Chinese herbal medicine pesticide residue of heavy metal pollution and the limit of standard research includes: the current situation of heavy metal pollution in Chinese herbal medicine, research on detection methods of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials, heavy metals limit standard status and standards at home and abroad in the analysis and comparison of Chinese medicine standards work of the heavy metals. The pesticide residue pollution and limits making the research as follows: the current situation of pesticide pollution residues in Chinese herbal medicines, detection methods of pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese herbal medicine agriculture at home and abroad A comparative analysis of the status and the standard drug residue limits of Chinese herbal medicine and pesticide residue standards recommended by the.3. the research methods the main research methods are literature research method. The research method of literature by means of collecting, sorting, identification documents, according to the requirements of a certain subject or purpose, in order to fully and correctly grasp the analysis. A method to study the problem. Literature retrieval time: December 31, 2016 before the publication of all relevant documents. The main data mainly from the Academic Literature Publishing Database Chinese network, Wanfang database, VIP network, China (CNKI), HowNet standard, national standard, standard download network and information network website to obtain Chinese pesticide conclusion.4. in the various countries (regions) of Chinese herbal medicine (herbal medicine) heavy metal criteria, Chinese herbal medicine (herbal medicine) MRL standards and related policies and regulations of our country The research, put forward the following opinions and suggestions: (1) for the detection of residues in the standard medicines to ensure scientific and rational, the need to strengthen the heavy metals and harmful elements in Chinese herbal medicine, the research on risk assessment of pesticide residues, establish effective risk assessment systems. Residues of heavy metals and harmful elements in Chinese herbal medicine and pesticide risk assessment research, attention to the use of sample screening data. (2) Chinese herbal medicine detection method of pesticide residue detection technology and the need for further improvement. It is necessary to establish a more convenient, fast, multi residue analysis method of pesticide economy. (3) the provisions of Chinese heavy metals in Chinese herbal pharmacopoeia standard detection method with international the method is basically the same. But the methods should be established for rapid detection of heavy metal ion, such as immunoassay method, effectively improve the detection efficiency, to meet the needs of grass-roots or field testing. (4). Before the Chinese herbal medicine planting in the use of pesticides and the management system is not perfect, according to the actual situation of cultivated varieties and types of pesticide use limited scope; fully consider China's national conditions and the use of the actual demand, and strictly control the use of pesticide varieties, effectively reduce pesticide residues. (5) improvement of traditional Chinese medicine pesticide registration and management system and improve the registration of pesticide use varieties of Chinese herbal medicines, to the agricultural sector and the State Food and drug supervision and management departments jointly completed two collaborative management. (6) China's pesticide residues in food risk assessment research is perfect, because the Chinese herbal medicine and food has a natural approximation property, proposed the pesticide the residual risk assessment and evaluation of design ideas can be specified in the "guidelines for the risk assessment of pesticide residues in food beneficial reference", the research contents and methods, independent exploration, multi To establish the method of demonstration, conform to the situation in our country, and revised standard for residue detection of Chinese herbal medicine and provide scientific basis. (7) Chinese herbal medicines from pesticide residues exceed the standard source, to reduce pesticide abuse phenomenon in the process of cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese herbal medicine planting proposal to consider making use of pesticides and the effective implementation of guidelines. (8) suggested more improvement in the Chinese herbal medicine pesticide residue standard in the future, further strengthen the study of heavy metals in Chinese herbal medicine limited aspects.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R288

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