本文關(guān)鍵詞：山東省城鄉(xiāng)中老年人常見(jiàn)慢性病現(xiàn)狀及其危險(xiǎn)因素研究　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 山東省 城鄉(xiāng) 慢性病 危險(xiǎn)因素

【摘要】：研究背景近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展、科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步及醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)水平的不斷提高,人們的物質(zhì)文化生活水平得到不斷的提升,人們的行為生活方式、工作性質(zhì)及人際交往方式都發(fā)生著巨大的變化,疾病譜也發(fā)生了改變,心腦血管疾病、糖尿病、腫瘤等慢性疾病成為影響居民身體健康和生活質(zhì)量的主要因素,給家庭和社會(huì)帶來(lái)了沉重的疾病和經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。國(guó)外慢性病研究顯示,慢性病所造成的疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)已經(jīng)超過(guò)全球金融危機(jī)的影響,全球慢性非傳染性疾病的死亡率可達(dá)70%,占全球疾病負(fù)擔(dān)的57%。國(guó)內(nèi)慢性病研究顯示,我國(guó)的慢性病患病率和死亡率迅速增加,2010年我國(guó)居民死因死亡率前四位已全部被慢性病占據(jù),且呈現(xiàn)不斷上升的趨勢(shì)。慢性病病因具有一定的特殊性,其是由多種危險(xiǎn)因素長(zhǎng)期共同作用下而形成的,其病因主要包括遺傳因素、環(huán)境因素、生活行為方式及老齡化等。不論是在中國(guó)還是全世界,慢性非傳染性疾病都已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)非常重要的公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題,防治慢性病這一主題任重而道遠(yuǎn)。山東是東部沿海地區(qū)的人口大省,其老齡化水平已進(jìn)入快速發(fā)展階段,且在慢性病的防控及實(shí)施中存在技術(shù)零散、不系統(tǒng)、缺乏科學(xué)性和可操控性等問(wèn)題。因此,開(kāi)展以人群為基礎(chǔ)的慢性病現(xiàn)狀及危險(xiǎn)因素調(diào)查,是慢性病預(yù)防控制工作中的重要環(huán)節(jié),量化各個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素之間的關(guān)系及對(duì)慢性病的影響,對(duì)于制定科學(xué)的慢性病防控措施具有重要意義。研究目的本研究的主要目的是了解山東省城鄉(xiāng)中老年人的慢性病患病現(xiàn)狀,分析其主要的影響因素,為制定慢性病的健康促進(jìn)及防控措施提供建議。具體目標(biāo)如下:1.了解山東省城鄉(xiāng)中老年人的基本情況:慢性病患病現(xiàn)狀、社會(huì)人口經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)特征、健康相關(guān)因素;2.分析山東省城鄉(xiāng)中老年人慢性病患病的主要影響因素;3.分析山東省城鄉(xiāng)中老年人常見(jiàn)慢性病影響因素;4.為改善慢性病現(xiàn)狀制定健康促進(jìn)計(jì)劃,并為慢性病防控提供建議。研究方法數(shù)據(jù)采用2013年全國(guó)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)調(diào)查中的山東省部分,調(diào)查采用多階段分層整群抽樣法,覆蓋全省17個(gè)市,20個(gè)縣,共抽取12000戶(近4萬(wàn)人口),選取調(diào)查樣本中45歲以上的常住中老年人為研究對(duì)象,共17065人。本研究采用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析對(duì)山東省城鄉(xiāng)中老年人居民常見(jiàn)慢性病患病情況、社會(huì)人口學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)特征、健康狀況分析等進(jìn)行分析;組間率的比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn);采用單因素、多因素Logistic分析的方法分析慢性病的主要影響因素。主要結(jié)果及結(jié)論1.共調(diào)查17065名中老年人,城市5494人,農(nóng)村11571人;男性8129人,女性8936人,平均年齡(60.06±10.48)歲。除性別外,城鄉(xiāng)間年齡分布、文化水平、婚姻狀況、職業(yè)類型、城鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、人均年收入有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異;除飲酒外,城鄉(xiāng)間自評(píng)健康狀況、吸煙行為、鍛煉行為、居民BMI水平、保健行為有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。2.慢性病患病率38.9%,按具體病種分析,主要慢性病類型分別是高血壓、慢性牙周炎、糖尿病、COPD及癌癥,患病率分別為26.1%、9.9%、7.7%、5.1%、1.6%�？傮w來(lái)看,山東省城鄉(xiāng)中老年人的慢性病現(xiàn)狀較為流行,居民健康水平較差。3.山東省城鄉(xiāng)中老年人的健康行為現(xiàn)狀不容樂(lè)觀,其中吸煙者所占比例較大,為27.1%,主要為男性,平均每天吸17.23支,農(nóng)村高于城市;飲酒所占比例大,為28.6%;從不進(jìn)行體育鍛煉比例高達(dá)68.9%。4.城鄉(xiāng)、性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、職業(yè)類型、人均年收入等社會(huì)人口經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)特征及吸煙行為、飲酒行為、鍛煉行為、BMI水平、自評(píng)健康狀況等健康相關(guān)因素是慢性病的主要危險(xiǎn)因素。5.城鄉(xiāng)、年齡、職業(yè)類型、人均年收入、自評(píng)健康狀況、吸煙、飲酒、體育鍛煉、BMI水平是高血壓的主要危險(xiǎn)因素;城鄉(xiāng)、文化程度、自評(píng)健康狀況、體育鍛煉、刷牙行為是慢性牙周炎的主要危險(xiǎn)因素;城鄉(xiāng)、年齡、人均年收入、自評(píng)健康狀況、BMI水平是糖尿病的主要危險(xiǎn)因素。政策建議1.積極開(kāi)展宣傳教育,改變慢性病防治理念,由"重治療輕防控"到"防治并重"。2.加大資金投入,向"城鄉(xiāng)并舉"轉(zhuǎn)變。3.完善慢性病防控的政策支持,建立政府、社會(huì)、個(gè)人參與的綜合干預(yù)措施。4.重點(diǎn)控?zé)?控制慢性病的主要行為危險(xiǎn)因素。5.繼續(xù)推進(jìn)"健康山東",實(shí)現(xiàn)全民健身。
[Abstract]:Background: in recent years, with the progress of medical technology level and the vigorous development of China's economy, science and technology continues to improve, people's material and cultural life level has been continuously improved, people's life style, the nature of work and interpersonal communication have undergone great changes, the disease spectrum has changed, and vascular disease, diabetes, cancer and other chronic diseases become the resident health and quality of life are the main factors that bring heavy disease and economic burden of family and society. Chronic disease research abroad shows that the risk and economic burden caused by chronic diseases has exceeded the impact of the global financial crisis. The mortality rate of global chronic non communicable diseases can reach 70%, accounting for 57% of the global disease burden. Chronic disease research in China shows that the prevalence and mortality of chronic diseases in China are increasing rapidly. In 2010, the top four death causes of residents in China were all occupied by chronic diseases and showed an increasing trend. The etiology of chronic diseases has certain particularity. It is formed by long-term combined action of multiple risk factors. Its causes mainly include genetic factors, environmental factors, lifestyle and aging. Whether in China or around the world, chronic non communicable diseases have become a very important public health problem. Prevention and cure of chronic diseases is a long way to go. Shandong is a populous province in the eastern coastal area. Its aging level has entered a stage of rapid development. In the prevention and control and implementation of chronic diseases, there are many problems such as scattered technology, lack of system, lack of science and maneuverability. Therefore, the investigation of population based chronic disease status and risk factors is an important step in the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Quantifying the relationship between various risk factors and the impact on chronic diseases is of great significance for developing scientific prevention and control measures for chronic diseases. The purpose of this study is to understand the prevalence of chronic diseases in urban and rural elderly in Shandong Province, and analyze the main influencing factors, so as to provide suggestions for health promotion and prevention and control measures of chronic diseases. The specific objectives are as follows: 1. to understand the basic situation of urban and rural areas of Shandong Province in the elderly: prevalence of chronic diseases, social demographic characteristics and health related factors; analysis of 2. main influencing factors of urban and rural areas of Shandong Province in the elderly chronic diseases in urban and rural areas of Shandong Province; 3. of the elderly common factors influencing chronic disease; 4. to improve the situation chronic diseases develop health promotion programs, and provide suggestions for the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Study on the method of data by Shandong province National Health Survey in 2013, the survey by using a stratified cluster sampling method, covering the province's 17 cities, 20 counties, a total of 12000 households were selected (nearly 40 thousand people), the survey sample is selected in above 45 years old resident in elderly subjects, a total of 17065 people. This study used descriptive statistical analysis of common chronic diseases of urban and rural residents in Shandong province in the elderly prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, health economic analysis; rate comparison between groups using chi square test; the main influence factors of chronic diseases by using the method of single factor and multi factor analysis of Logistic. Main results and conclusion 1. a total of 17065 middle-aged and elderly people, 5494 urban people, 11571 rural areas, 8129 men and 8936 women, average age (60.06 + 10.48) years. In addition to the gender, there were significant differences in age distribution between urban and rural areas, education level, marital status, occupation, medical insurance, urban and rural per capita income; in addition to drinking, and self-rated health status, smoking behavior, exercise behavior, health behavior level, residents of BMI were statistically differences. 2., the prevalence of chronic diseases was 38.9%. According to specific diseases, the main chronic diseases were hypertension, chronic periodontitis, diabetes, COPD and cancer. The prevalence rates were 26.1%, 9.9%, 7.7%, 5.1%, 1.6% respectively. In general, the status of chronic diseases in middle and old people in urban and rural areas of Shandong is more prevalent, and the health level of residents is poor. 3., the current situation of health behaviors of urban and rural elderly in Shandong is not optimistic. The proportion of smokers is 27.1%, mainly for men. The average daily intake is 17.23, the rural area is higher than that of the city, the proportion of alcohol consumption is 28.6%, and the proportion of never exercising is as high as 68.9%. 4., the socio demographic characteristics of urban and rural areas, gender, age, marital status, occupation type, annual income per capita and smoking, drinking behavior, exercise behavior, BMI level, self-rated health status and other health related factors are the main risk factors of chronic diseases. 5. urban and rural areas, age, type of occupation, per capita income, self-rated health, smoking, drinking and exercise, the level of BMI is the main risk factors of hypertension; urban and rural areas, education level, self-rated health status, physical exercise, brushing behavior is the main risk of chronic periodontitis risk factors; urban and rural areas, age, annual per capita income and self-rated health, BMI level is a major risk factor for diabetes. Policy recommendations 1. actively carry out propaganda and education to change the concept of chronic disease prevention and control, from "heavy treatment and light prevention and control" to "prevention and control". 2. increase the capital investment and change to the "urban and rural". 3. to improve the policy support for the prevention and control of chronic diseases and to establish comprehensive intervention measures for the participation of government, society and individual. 4. the key control of smoking is the main risk factor for the control of chronic diseases. 5. continue to promote "healthy Shandong" to achieve national fitness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R195.4

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