本文選題：生態(tài)服務(wù)　切入點：空間流動　出處：《云南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)服務(wù)是自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及其生態(tài)過程中形成與所維持的人類賴以生存的環(huán)境條件和效用,是人類福利的重要來源。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)開放程度的日益提高,國家和區(qū)域間經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系日益密切,生態(tài)服務(wù)的跨區(qū)域空間流動也日益頻繁,并對國家和區(qū)域?qū)哟蔚目沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。本文針對開放條件下生態(tài)服務(wù)伴隨著產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易出現(xiàn)大規(guī)�？臻g流動轉(zhuǎn)移的現(xiàn)象,通過揭示隱含在產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易之后的生態(tài)服務(wù)流動來構(gòu)建生態(tài)服務(wù)空間轉(zhuǎn)移的理論與測度方法,并通過我國國際貿(mào)易和省際貿(mào)易中生態(tài)服務(wù)空間流動轉(zhuǎn)移的測度研究,探討生態(tài)服務(wù)空間轉(zhuǎn)移對于我國可持續(xù)發(fā)展的影響。通過對生態(tài)服務(wù)空間轉(zhuǎn)移理論與測度分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：生態(tài)服務(wù)的空間流動性主要源于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的開放性和經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)的開放性,生態(tài)服務(wù)流動因此具有非市場流動和市場流動兩種形態(tài),人類經(jīng)濟(jì)活動導(dǎo)致的生態(tài)服務(wù)空間流動具有流動的隱含性、伴隨性和客觀存在性幾個特征。對于人類經(jīng)濟(jì)活動導(dǎo)致的生態(tài)服務(wù)空間流動可以從三個方面進(jìn)行研究和測度：一是隱含自然資源,二是隱含能源和碳排放,三是隱含污染排放。在具體測度模型上可以使用生態(tài)足跡、虛擬水、水足跡對隱含自然資源進(jìn)行測度；使用隱含能或碳足跡對隱含能源流動進(jìn)行測度；使用隱含污染和污染足跡對隱含污染排放進(jìn)行測度。通過對中國國際貿(mào)易中生態(tài)服務(wù)流動的實證研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在研究時段內(nèi),中國隱含自然資源進(jìn)口大于出口且呈現(xiàn)出增長態(tài)勢,中國通過對外貿(mào)易實現(xiàn)了隱含自然資源向國內(nèi)的凈轉(zhuǎn)移,轉(zhuǎn)移量從1995年的6770.58萬曲a增長到了2013年的到了24437.2萬gha；在隱含污染排放方面,進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品隱含的COD和S02排放量整體上低于出口產(chǎn)品,2002-2013年間國際貿(mào)易導(dǎo)致中國國內(nèi)COD和S02排放量分別增加了1479.21萬噸和611.89萬噸,年均增排123.37萬噸和50.98萬噸；在隱含碳方面,除了2002-2004年外,出口產(chǎn)品隱含碳大于進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品,整個研究時段內(nèi)國際貿(mào)易導(dǎo)致中國碳排放增加了17.01億噸。生態(tài)服務(wù)的國際流動對中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展態(tài)勢產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。1995-2013年間,中國通過國際貿(mào)易輸入的生態(tài)服務(wù),每年平均減少生態(tài)赤字1.19億曲a；由于國際貿(mào)易中的環(huán)境逆差,導(dǎo)致了COD整體減排任務(wù)推遲了5年完成,二氧化硫總體減排目標(biāo)推遲1年完成。根據(jù)虛擬治理成本方法的評價,研究時段內(nèi)貿(mào)易導(dǎo)致環(huán)境價值流入規(guī)模低于流出,中國處于環(huán)境價值交換的“赤字”狀態(tài),逆差最大的年份環(huán)境價值的流失達(dá)到了2335.46億元。通過對中國省際生態(tài)服務(wù)流動的實證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：從生態(tài)足跡的省際凈流動格局來看,上海、浙江、天津、江蘇、陜西、北京等15個省區(qū)在省區(qū)間貿(mào)易過程中從區(qū)域外獲得了生態(tài)服務(wù)的輸入。從隱含二氧化硫的省際凈流動格局來看,30個省區(qū)中僅有北京、天津、吉林、上海、浙江、廣東是隱含二氧化硫轉(zhuǎn)移為正值。如果考慮到區(qū)域間的生態(tài)服務(wù)的流動,30個省區(qū)中有北京、天津、上海等14個省區(qū)生態(tài)負(fù)債得到緩解,河北、黑龍江、安徽、新疆等16個省區(qū)生態(tài)負(fù)債加大。如果考慮隱含二氧化硫排放在區(qū)域間的轉(zhuǎn)移,以消費(fèi)者角度來考核減排目標(biāo)的完成,2010年實現(xiàn)減排目標(biāo)省區(qū)數(shù)下降到26個,北京、天津、吉林、上海4個省市無法完成減排目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The ecological service is maintained and the survival of the human environment and utility formation of natural ecosystem and ecological process, is an important source of human welfare. With the increasing degree of economic openness, between different countries and regions increasingly close economic ties, cross regional flow of ecosystem services are more and more frequent, and the state of sustainable development the national and regional level to have the important influence. According to the ecological service under open conditions with the emergence of large-scale space products trade transfer phenomenon, to construct the theory and measure method of ecological service space transfer through the ecological service flow reveals in the product trade after the research on the measurement of ecological service space and through international trade in China Interprovincial Trade and transfer, to explore the ecological service space transfer for China's sustainable development. Based on the The transfer of ecological service spatial analysis theory and found measure: open space mobility ecosystem services are mainly derived from the ecological system and open economic system, ecological service flow therefore has two forms of non market liquidity and market liquidity, the ecological service flow of human economic activity has led to the flow of implicit, incidental and the objective existence of several features. The human economic activity caused by ecological service space flow can be studied and measure from three aspects: one is the implied natural resources, the two is embodied energy and carbon emissions, pollution emissions. Three is implied in the specific measure model can be used on ecological footprint, virtual water, water footprint measure the implied natural resources; use hidden energy or carbon footprint to measure implicit energy flow; the use of hidden pollution and pollution footprint of embodied pollution Measure. Through empirical research on the flow of ecosystem services China in international trade, in the study period, China implied natural resources imports than exports and showing a growth trend, China through foreign trade to achieve a net transfer of implicit natural resources to China, the transfer amount to 2013 to 244 million 372 thousand from 67 million 705 thousand and 800 of GHA in 1995. The growth of a; in the embodied pollution, lower than the overall exports of imported products implied by the COD and S02 emissions, 2002-2013 years international trade leads to China domestic COD and S02 emissions were increased by 14 million 792 thousand and 100 tons and 6 million 118 thousand and 900 tons, an average annual increase of 1 million 233 thousand and 700 tons and 509 thousand and 800 tons; in the carbon, except for 2002-2004 years. Export of Embodied Carbon than imported products, throughout the study period of international trade leads to Chinese carbon emissions increased by 17.01 tons. The international flow of ecosystem services Have.1995-2013 years important influence in the state of sustainable development, Chinese through ecological service international trade input, reduce the annual average ecological deficit 119 million a; because the environment in the international trade deficit led to the overall COD emission reduction task was delayed 5 years to complete, two sulfur dioxide emission reduction targets the overall delay of 1 years to complete. According to the evaluation of virtual management the cost method, the study period trade leads to environmental value less than the size of the inflow outflow, China in environmental value exchange "deficit", the largest deficit year environmental value loss reached 233 billion 546 million yuan. Through the empirical research on the flow China provincial ecological service discovery: from the ecological footprint of the provincial net flow pattern, Shanghai. Zhejiang, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Beijing and other 15 provinces in the province interregional trade process from outside the region to get ecosystem services from input. The implied net flow pattern of sulfur dioxide in the provinces, 30 provinces in Tianjin, only Beijing, Jilin, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong is positive. If the implicit transfer of sulfur dioxide into the ecological service area between the flow of 30 provinces in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other 14 provinces ecological debt relief, Hebei. Heilongjiang, Anhui, Xinjiang and other 16 provinces ecological debt increase. If the transfer implied emission of sulfur dioxide in the regional considerations, to assess the emission reduction targets to the consumer point of view, to achieve emission reduction targets in 2010 dropped to 26 the number of provinces, Beijing, Tianjin, Jilin, Shanghai 4 provinces and cities to complete the emission reduction targets.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F205
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本文編號：1599451