本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民生 福利 民生經(jīng)濟(jì) 民生陷阱　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：民生和經(jīng)濟(jì)作為人類社會的兩維,如車之兩輪、鳥之兩翼,以合力的形式共同推動著人類社會的發(fā)展。民生和經(jīng)濟(jì)任何一方的缺失抑或民與生經(jīng)濟(jì)互動的中斷都會把人類從一個極端推向另一個極端。從馬克思主義唯物史觀的維度看,民生和經(jīng)濟(jì)同屬于歷史范疇,它們的存在不因民生和經(jīng)濟(jì)話語上的存在而存在,而是隨著人類的存在而存在、人類的不存在而不存在,是以人的存在為前提的“客觀存在”。一言以蔽之,有人類活動的地方,就有民生和經(jīng)濟(jì)。民生和經(jīng)濟(jì)貫穿于人類發(fā)展過程的始終。人類社會發(fā)展的歷史,就是民生經(jīng)濟(jì)互動、發(fā)展的歷史。人類的存續(xù)和發(fā)展出現(xiàn)問題必然以民生經(jīng)濟(jì)問題凸顯為前提,民生經(jīng)濟(jì)問題解決的好,人類社會就會發(fā)展的好,民生經(jīng)濟(jì)問題解決得不好,人類社會的發(fā)展就會出現(xiàn)問題。人類歷史上的歷次社會動蕩、社會形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的背后,都能找到民生經(jīng)濟(jì)的“問題”原因。人類一直面臨著民生經(jīng)濟(jì)的困擾,也一直在探索民生經(jīng)濟(jì)難題的背后邏輯以及破解民生經(jīng)濟(jì)難題的“藥方”。無論是充滿思辨、理性的“西學(xué)”,還是主張中庸、民本的“中學(xué)”,民生和經(jīng)濟(jì)都是它們的“寵兒”,但又都始終找不到民生經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)發(fā)展的有效依托和實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。馬克思主義民生經(jīng)濟(jì)理論不僅從根本上終結(jié)了民生經(jīng)濟(jì)困境的歷史難題,而且建構(gòu)了民生經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的理論框架,找到了民生經(jīng)濟(jì)有序、協(xié)同、共生發(fā)展的有效載體和實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。馬克思主義之所以可能,究其原因在于堅(jiān)持群眾的觀點(diǎn)、人民的立場以及民本的邏輯。中國共產(chǎn)黨是在馬克思主義理論指導(dǎo)下成立的,自誕生之日起就以馬克思主義思想為指導(dǎo)思想,把全心全意為人民服務(wù)作為黨的根本宗旨,為工人和貧民的利益計(jì)而上下求索。無論是在革命戰(zhàn)爭年代,還是社會主義建設(shè)、改革和發(fā)展的年代,最大程度上保障和改善民生始終是中國共產(chǎn)黨的最終奮斗目標(biāo)和最高價值追尋。中國共產(chǎn)黨不僅繼承和發(fā)展了馬克思主義民生經(jīng)濟(jì)理論,而且還把馬克思主義民生經(jīng)濟(jì)理論與中國的具體國情相結(jié)合,創(chuàng)造性的開辟了中國化的馬克思主義民生經(jīng)濟(jì)理論,這不僅是對馬克思主義民生經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的新貢獻(xiàn)和新發(fā)展,也是指導(dǎo)中國特色社會主義民生實(shí)踐的重要理論指南。由于缺少可供借鑒的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),中國民生經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)踐只能選擇“摸著石頭過河”的方法,這期間有曲折、有反復(fù),有潮漲、有潮落,有機(jī)遇、有挑戰(zhàn),有經(jīng)驗(yàn)、也有教訓(xùn)。在歷經(jīng)均衡同步、滯后發(fā)展和重構(gòu)再平衡三個階段轉(zhuǎn)換后,中國民生經(jīng)濟(jì)步入了發(fā)展的快車道。正是民生經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的階段性轉(zhuǎn)化,把中國民生經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)踐推向了新的高度。從世界范圍內(nèi)看,中國民生經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)踐堪稱典范。規(guī)避民生經(jīng)濟(jì)陷阱對正處于快速崛起中的中國來說意義重大。雖然中國沒有陷入民生高福利陷阱,也沒有跌進(jìn)民生缺失陷阱,但客觀存在著民生福利趕超和中等收入陷阱的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。規(guī)避民生經(jīng)濟(jì)陷阱,中國有其自身的優(yōu)勢:第一,有馬克思主義民生經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的科學(xué)指導(dǎo),有對民生經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行機(jī)理和機(jī)制的科學(xué)把握,有近七十年的民生經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn);第二,有中國共產(chǎn)黨的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo),有現(xiàn)代化的民生經(jīng)濟(jì)治理體系和治理能力,有制度化、科學(xué)化、體系化的民生經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行體系,有廣大人民群眾的擁護(hù)和支持,等等。我們既要發(fā)揮自身的優(yōu)勢,又要發(fā)揮主動性,根據(jù)民生經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的新情況、新問題,適時、動態(tài)的調(diào)整、改進(jìn)和預(yù)防,使民生經(jīng)濟(jì)在規(guī)律的框架下有序運(yùn)行。當(dāng)前,中國正處于并將持續(xù)處于經(jīng)濟(jì)反哺民生階段。重構(gòu)民生經(jīng)濟(jì)再平衡,就技術(shù)和策略維度而言,可供實(shí)現(xiàn)的路徑是多元的,但支撐民生經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)性要素不能缺位,而且要進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)和優(yōu)化。第一,進(jìn)一步豐富民生經(jīng)濟(jì)倫理內(nèi)核,堅(jiān)持協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的理念,在協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展中推進(jìn)民生改善和福祉增進(jìn);第二,堅(jiān)持公有制的主體地位不動搖,扎實(shí)推進(jìn)混合所有制改革,充分釋放民生保障和改善的所有制紅利;第三,深化民生經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制改革,改善和優(yōu)化民生經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的生態(tài)環(huán)境,完善民生經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的支撐體系建設(shè);第四,綜合運(yùn)用政府和市場的宏觀調(diào)控機(jī)制,在強(qiáng)化政府破解民生經(jīng)濟(jì)難題的同時,發(fā)揮市場在民生資源配置中的決定性作用。
[Abstract]:The people's livelihood and economy as the two dimension of human society, such as the two cars, the wings of a bird, to force the form to promote the development of human society. People's livelihood and economic interaction interruption of any party or missing people and economic will put humans from one extreme to the other extreme from Marx. Historical materialism perspective, people's livelihood and economic history belong to the same category, they are not because of people's livelihood and economic discourse on the existence, but exists with the human existence, which does not exist in humans, is based on the premise of the existence of "existence". To sum up in a word. There are human activities, there is the people's livelihood and economy. The people's livelihood and economy throughout the human development process. The development history of human society, people's livelihood and economic interaction, the development of history. The existence and development of human problems is bound to the people's livelihood The economic problem is the premise to solve the livelihood problems of the economy, human society will develop good economic, livelihood problem is not resolved well, the development of human society will appear. The human history of previous social unrest, behind the transformation of society, people can find the economic "problem" has been facing human reason. The people's livelihood economic problems, has also been exploring the problem of livelihood economic logic behind the economic problems and solve the "prescription". Whether it is full of rational thinking, "western culture", or advocate moderation, people-oriented "middle school", people's livelihood and the economy are their "pet", but they are always looking for not to rely on effective livelihood economy scientific development and the realization of the form. Marx's theory of economic history of people's livelihood problems not only fundamentally put an end to the economic difficulties and the construction of people's livelihood, the people's livelihood economy The development of a theoretical framework, to find the livelihood economy orderly, cooperative, symbiotic development of the effective carrier and path. The Marx doctrine is possible, the reason is that adhere to the mass viewpoint, the position of the people and the people of the logic. Chinese Communist Party is established in the guidance of Marx's theory, since the date of birth on Marx thought as the guiding ideology, to serve the people wholeheartedly is the fundamental purpose of the party, for workers and poor interest and search up and down. Whether in the revolutionary war, or the socialist construction, reform and development of the era, the maximum extent to protect and improve people's livelihood is always the ultimate goal and the highest value of the Communist Party of Chinese the pursuit of Chinese. The Communist Party not only inherited and developed Marx's theory of economic livelihood, but also the people's livelihood economic theory with the Marx doctrine and the China Body condition of combination of creative opened China of Marx's people's livelihood economic theory, it is not only a new contribution to the people's livelihood economy and new development of Marx s theory, an important theory guide and practice guidance China characteristics of the Socialist People's livelihood. Due to the lack of successful experience for reference, China livelihood economy practice can only choose "method of feeling the stones", during which there are twists and turns, repeated, with a high tide, ebb tide, opportunities, challenges, experience and lesson. After equilibrium synchronization, lag development and reconstruct the level conversion scale after three stages, Chinese livelihood economy into the fast lane of development. It is the stage the economic development of the people's livelihood transformation, the China livelihood economy practice to a new height. See from the world, China livelihood economy practice is exemplary. To avoid the economic livelihood of the people is in the rapid rise of trap In the Chinese is of great significance. Although not in people's livelihood China high welfare trap, there is no lack of people fall into the trap, but the objective existence of people's livelihood and welfare and catch up with the risk of middle-income trap. To avoid the trap of livelihood economy, Chinese has its own advantages: first, the people's livelihood economy Marx's theory of scientific guidance to the people's livelihood and economic operation mechanism and the mechanism of scientific grasp of the people's livelihood economy nearly seventy years of practice experience and lessons; second, correct leadership of the Communist Party of Chinese, the modernization of the economy system of governance and Governance capacity, institutionalized, scientific, system of the people's livelihood economy system, a majority of people support and support, and so on. We should play their own advantages, but also to play the initiative, according to the new situation, people's livelihood and economic operation of new problems, timely, dynamic adjustment, improvement and prevention, the The orderly operation of livelihood economy in rule framework. At present, China is and will continue in the people's livelihood. The livelihood of the people nurturing stage of economic reconstruction of economic rebalancing, technology and tactics, can be used to realize the path is diverse, but the foundation of economic development to support the livelihood of the people is not vacant, and should be further improved and optimization. First, to further enrich the people's livelihood economic ethical core, adhere to the coordinated development of the concept of coordinated development in advance in promoting the improvement of people's livelihood and well-being; second, adhere to the dominant position of public ownership does not shake, push forward the reform of mixed ownership, ownership of the full release bonus to protect and improve people's livelihood; third, deepen the reform of institutional mechanisms the coordinated development of economy, improve the ecological environment coordinated development of people's livelihood economy, improve the construction of supporting system of the coordinated development of economy; fourth, the comprehensive use of government And the macro-control mechanism of the market, while strengthening the government to solve the economic problems of the people's livelihood, and play the decisive role of the market in the allocation of people's livelihood resources.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F124;D61

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