本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌 鄉(xiāng)村旅游 互映關(guān)系 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 路徑　出處：《青島大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近些年,鄉(xiāng)村旅游已成為國(guó)內(nèi)一種新興的旅游發(fā)展模式,得以快速發(fā)展。因其與鄉(xiāng)村緊密的關(guān)聯(lián)性,以及良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)與生態(tài)功能,鄉(xiāng)村旅游被廣泛地認(rèn)為可以成為拯救中國(guó)日益凋敝鄉(xiāng)村的一種重要內(nèi)生力量,特別是在促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村變革與發(fā)展,縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距等方面被寄予了更多的期冀。因而鄉(xiāng)村旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展成為關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn),而鄉(xiāng)村旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展必須落實(shí)到與之緊密關(guān)聯(lián)的具體的鄉(xiāng)村地域空間中,分析與解決影響其可持續(xù)發(fā)展的當(dāng)前鄉(xiāng)村存在的一些主要問(wèn)題,如“三農(nóng)問(wèn)題”、新型城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展等問(wèn)題,以起到良好的踐行效果,促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,進(jìn)而為鄉(xiāng)村旅游本身塑造一個(gè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的空間與環(huán)境。而這些問(wèn)題的研究與解決需要跨越單純的旅游研究范疇,以獲取相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的理論整合與支撐,城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌則為鄉(xiāng)村旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了一種全新的研究視角與發(fā)展契機(jī)。城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌思想的提出是基于我國(guó)日漸拉大的城鄉(xiāng)差距現(xiàn)狀,出于發(fā)展公平的需要而提出的一種城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展思想,其統(tǒng)籌的目標(biāo)重在鄉(xiāng)村,即通過(guò)以城帶鄉(xiāng),以工促農(nóng)來(lái)推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村的快速發(fā)展,達(dá)到縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距、城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。傳統(tǒng)的城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌力量主要以城鎮(zhèn)化與工業(yè)化等外力為主,在促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展的同時(shí),給鄉(xiāng)村帶來(lái)了巨大的傷害,如生態(tài)退化、環(huán)境污染、傳統(tǒng)文化遺失、村落空心化加劇等問(wèn)題,并不能從根本上解決鄉(xiāng)村問(wèn)題。因而城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌除了需要工業(yè)化與城鎮(zhèn)化等外部力量對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村施加正的影響外,更需要來(lái)自鄉(xiāng)村內(nèi)部的力量以刺激鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇與文化的覺(jué)醒,但傳統(tǒng)粗放式的內(nèi)生力量農(nóng)業(yè)又不足以改變鄉(xiāng)村的現(xiàn)狀,而以“農(nóng)”為本的鄉(xiāng)村旅游可為鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展提供一種新的內(nèi)生動(dòng)力,促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村的全面發(fā)展。因而鄉(xiāng)村旅游與城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌在發(fā)展目標(biāo)上存在著一致性,鄉(xiāng)村旅游可作為城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌體系中的一種力量存在。通過(guò)對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌與鄉(xiāng)村旅游互映關(guān)系的分析可知,城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌為鄉(xiāng)村旅游的實(shí)踐提供了必要的政策、法理以及資金的支持,為鄉(xiāng)村旅游跨越單純的旅游范疇,解決其發(fā)展中的瓶頸問(wèn)題提供了新的理論支撐與研究視角,進(jìn)而可實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村旅游的升級(jí)發(fā)展。而鄉(xiāng)村旅游為城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌提供了新的著力點(diǎn),其一在于可有效地解決“三農(nóng)問(wèn)題”:①為鄉(xiāng)村居民提供了更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì);②鄉(xiāng)村居民通過(guò)直接或間接地參與旅游經(jīng)營(yíng)與管理增加了收益;③通過(guò)鄉(xiāng)村旅游與三次產(chǎn)業(yè)的融合發(fā)展推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)低效農(nóng)業(yè)向規(guī)�；�、產(chǎn)業(yè)化的高效生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變,而規(guī)�；母咝мr(nóng)業(yè)又為鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展提供了新的資源吸引物;④鄉(xiāng)村旅游對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)與環(huán)境良好的示范作用進(jìn)一步帶動(dòng)了新農(nóng)村的建設(shè)。第二個(gè)著力點(diǎn)在于,隨著鄉(xiāng)村旅游的升級(jí)發(fā)展,加劇了鄉(xiāng)村旅游各要素的空間集聚,催生了旅游小城鎮(zhèn)的快速發(fā)展。旅游小城鎮(zhèn)是鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展的重要載體,不僅為鄉(xiāng)村游客提供相對(duì)集中且高效的服務(wù),也能有效地解決當(dāng)?shù)氐拿裆鷨?wèn)題,提高當(dāng)?shù)剜l(xiāng)村居民的公共服務(wù)水準(zhǔn)。更為重要的是鄉(xiāng)村旅游為我國(guó)小城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展提供了新的模式,這種模式由于在發(fā)展中格外關(guān)注鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境保護(hù)與生態(tài)建設(shè),而區(qū)別于過(guò)度追逐經(jīng)濟(jì)利益、忽視生態(tài)環(huán)境的傳統(tǒng)城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展模式,并為之提供了一個(gè)反思的視角。因而旅游小城鎮(zhèn)符合我國(guó)新型城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展的要求,將成為傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)為主導(dǎo)的城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展模式的一種替代與新型城鎮(zhèn)化的一種選擇。因此,城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌為鄉(xiāng)村旅游的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了更為廣闊的發(fā)展空間與理論支撐,鄉(xiāng)村旅游也可作為一支重要的統(tǒng)籌力量,豐富了城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌理論。但由于我國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村旅游處于發(fā)展的初級(jí)階段,在其可持續(xù)發(fā)展進(jìn)程中依然存在大量的問(wèn)題,影響著城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌的深度與效果。通過(guò)對(duì)案例的深度分析可知,目前影響我國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的主要因素是對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村旅游的認(rèn)知不足、社區(qū)參與失敗、土地流轉(zhuǎn)的法律障礙以及鄉(xiāng)村旅游的產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)育不足等問(wèn)題,并以城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌的視角對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展進(jìn)行反思,認(rèn)為欲保障鄉(xiāng)村旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展,應(yīng)建立鄉(xiāng)村旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展指標(biāo)體系,并需明確可持續(xù)發(fā)展中的幾個(gè)核心問(wèn)題,即鄉(xiāng)村旅游的本源主體應(yīng)是鄉(xiāng)村居民,鄉(xiāng)村旅游的核心吸引物是鄉(xiāng)村性及其決定的鄉(xiāng)村意象,而鄉(xiāng)村旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的本質(zhì)則是鄉(xiāng)村的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。據(jù)此,提出未來(lái)我國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的路徑在于:①城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃。注重統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃中的鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃,并為鄉(xiāng)村旅游預(yù)留發(fā)展空間;②鄉(xiāng)村旅游規(guī)劃。注重規(guī)劃對(duì)旅游發(fā)展的引領(lǐng)作用,突出人文關(guān)懷規(guī)劃理念與地方特色,尊重鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)居民關(guān)于旅游開(kāi)發(fā)的意見(jiàn);③社區(qū)參與及保障。凸顯鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)居民的主體地位,通過(guò)社區(qū)增權(quán)、鄉(xiāng)村資源資本化等途徑保障社區(qū)居民全過(guò)程的旅游參與權(quán)與旅游收益權(quán);④政府主導(dǎo)、規(guī)制與角色漸變。通過(guò)自我規(guī)制,政府的角色應(yīng)由現(xiàn)階段的主導(dǎo)型向推動(dòng)型轉(zhuǎn)變,回歸政府本位,以更好地為鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展提供公共產(chǎn)品、政策、資金及技術(shù)支持等服務(wù);⑤鄉(xiāng)村旅游驅(qū)動(dòng)下的產(chǎn)業(yè)融合。通過(guò)鄉(xiāng)村旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí),促進(jìn)其與鄉(xiāng)村三次產(chǎn)業(yè)的融合,以放大鄉(xiāng)村旅游的綜合功效;⑥土地流轉(zhuǎn)。鄉(xiāng)村旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的必由之路,通過(guò)合理的土地流轉(zhuǎn)及配套制度建設(shè)為鄉(xiāng)村旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展提供必要的用地保障。隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步與發(fā)展,鄉(xiāng)村旅游必將成為國(guó)內(nèi)城市居民一種常態(tài)型的休閑方式,這符合我國(guó)旅游發(fā)展的趨向,即由傳統(tǒng)觀光旅游向深度休閑旅游漸變。未來(lái)鄉(xiāng)村旅游的發(fā)展不應(yīng)僅僅局限于項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃與建設(shè),應(yīng)與傳統(tǒng)村落的保護(hù)、新農(nóng)村的建設(shè)發(fā)展融為一體,由單純的項(xiàng)目建設(shè)向大的基質(zhì)環(huán)境優(yōu)化轉(zhuǎn)變,即通過(guò)鄉(xiāng)村旅游促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村基質(zhì)環(huán)境的美化,使整個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境成為一種重要的鄉(xiāng)村旅游休閑吸引物;其次,由鄉(xiāng)村景區(qū)建設(shè)向社區(qū)建設(shè)轉(zhuǎn)變,以突出鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)主導(dǎo)地位,將社區(qū)建設(shè)成為具有特色的開(kāi)放式的大景區(qū);另外,在鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展中,旅游小城鎮(zhèn)將成為鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展的重要載體與方向,以體現(xiàn)規(guī)模效應(yīng)與集聚效應(yīng),使旅游小城鎮(zhèn)成為帶動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)全面發(fā)展的重要地域綜合體。如此,實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村旅游與鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的融合發(fā)展,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)美麗鄉(xiāng)村之夢(mèng)想,反之,美麗鄉(xiāng)村方能為鄉(xiāng)村旅游提供永恒的吸引環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:In recent years, rural tourism has become an emerging country tourism development model, developing rapidly. Because of its close relationship with the country, as well as good economic, social and ecological function, rural tourism is widely believed to save country can become an important China increasingly depressed inner strength, especially in the promotion of traditional the rural reform and development, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas has been placed more hope. So the sustainable development of rural tourism has become the focus of attention, and the sustainable development of rural tourism must be implemented to closely associated with the specific space in rural areas, analyzes some main problems existing in the current rural settlement and influence its sustainable development. Such as the "three rural issues", the problem of the development of new urbanization, to play a good practice effect, promote the sustainable development of the country, and for the Rural Tourism plastic Create a space for sustainable development and the environment. These problems need to study and solve the category of tourism research across the integration theory to obtain related fields and support, provides a new perspective of research and development of urban and rural areas is an opportunity for the sustainable development of rural tourism. The urban and rural areas thought is the gap between urban and rural areas the status quo of China's widening based on a need for the development of urban and rural fair and the coordinated development of the overall ideas, objectives focus on village, through the village to the city, the rapid development of industry promoting agriculture to promote rural areas, to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, coordinated development between urban and rural areas. Urban and rural power of traditional the main force of urbanization and industrialization etc., in promoting rural development, has brought great harm to the country, such as environmental pollution, ecological degradation, traditional culture is lost, the village lost The intensification of heart problems, and can not solve the rural problems fundamentally. So in addition to the urban and rural industrialization and urbanization and other external forces exerted a positive influence on the country, need more from rural internal forces to stimulate rural economic recovery and the awakening of culture, but the status of the traditional extensive agriculture and endogenous forces not enough to change the country, and to "agricultural" for the rural tourism can provide a new impetus for rural development, promoting all-round development of the country. So the consistency exists in rural tourism and urban and rural development goals, rural tourism can exist as a force of urban and rural system. Through the analysis of the urban and rural areas and rural tourism mutual promotion relationship that provides the necessary policy of urban and rural areas for the practice of rural tourism, legal and financial support for rural tourism across the pure The travel category, provide theoretical support and a new perspective to solve the bottleneck problem in its development, realize the upgrading of rural tourism development. Provide a new focus for rural tourism, urban and rural areas, one is that can effectively solve the "three rural issues": to provide more employment opportunities for the village the residents; rural residents by directly or indirectly involved in the tourism management and management to increase the profit; through the integration of rural tourism and the three industry structure adjustment and promoting the development of traditional agriculture, promote the traditional inefficient agricultural scale, efficient ecological agriculture industrialization, and the efficiency of large-scale agriculture and rural tourism provides a new resource attraction; the rural tourism on the rural economy, society and environment good exemplary role to further promote the construction of new rural areas. The second focus, with the country The upgrade of tourism development, exacerbated by the elements of rural tourism spatial agglomeration, gave birth to the rapid development of tourist towns. Tourism small town is an important carrier of rural tourism development, not only provide a relatively centralized and efficient service for rural tourists, but also can effectively solve the livelihood problems of local rural residents, improve the local public service standard. What is more important is to provide a new mode of rural tourism for the development of small towns in our country, because of this model in the development of special attention to rural environmental protection and ecological construction, which is different from the excessive pursuit of economic interests, ignoring the ecological environment development mode of traditional towns, and provides a perspective for the reflection the small town tourism. So with the development of China's new urbanization, will become the traditional industry as a selection of an alternative to the dominant patterns of urbanization and new urbanization Optional. Therefore, urban and rural areas for the sustainable development of rural tourism provides a broader space for development and theoretical support, rural tourism can also be used as an important coordinating power, enrich the theory of urban and rural areas. But because of China's rural tourism in the primary stage of development, there are still lots of problems in the process of sustainable development that affects the depth and the effect of urban and rural areas. Through the case depth analysis, the major factors influencing the sustainable development of rural tourism in our country is lack of community participation in rural tourism cognition, failure, legal barriers of land circulation and rural tourism industry development is insufficient, and the urban and rural perspective reflection on the development of rural tourism, that in order to ensure the sustainable development of rural tourism, should establish the index system of the sustainable development of rural tourism and sustainable development clearly Several key problems in development, namely the origin of the main body of rural tourism should be the core of rural residents, rural tourism attraction is rural and rural image decision, and the essence of the sustainable development of rural tourism is the sustainable development of rural areas. Accordingly, put forward the future path of China's rural tourism sustainable development in the overall planning the urban and rural areas. Pay attention to the overall planning of rural planning, and set aside space for the development of rural tourism; the rural tourism planning. Pay attention to the leading role of planning of tourism development, highlighting humanistic care planning concept and local characteristics, respect the views of community residents on rural tourism development; community participation and protection of rural community residents. The main highlights the status, empowerment through community, rights and usufruct in rural tourism tourism resource capitalization approach to guarantee the whole process of community residents; the government's guiding, regulation and The role of gradient through self regulation, the role of the government should be the leading pattern to promote the transformation, the return of the government standard, in order to provide public products, rural tourism development policy, funding and technical support services; the rural tourism driven industrial integration. By upgrading the rural tourism industry, and promote the integration of the rural three industry, with the comprehensive efficiency of amplification of rural tourism; the land circulation of rural tourism industrial upgrading. The only way which must be passed through the land, and reasonable construction of supporting system for protection necessary for rural tourism industry development. With the development of society, rural tourism will become the domestic city residents as a normal type the way of leisure, which is consistent with the trend of tourism development in our country, from the traditional sightseeing tourism to leisure tourism depth gradient. The future development of rural tourism should not be confined to In the project planning and construction, protection of traditional villages and the development of new rural construction, integration, transformation from a simple project to optimize the matrix environment, through the promotion of rural tourism rural matrix beautify the environment, the rural environment has become one of the most important rural leisure tourism attraction; secondly, change from the countryside the construction of scenic spots to the community construction, in order to highlight the dominant position of the rural community, community building will become open with the characteristics of the major scenic spots; in addition, the development of rural tourism, tourist towns will become an important carrier and direction of rural tourism development, to reflect the scale and agglomeration effects, which will become an important tourism town regional integration of comprehensive development of the rural economy. So, realize the integration of rural tourism and rural development, realize the dream, the beautiful countryside and beautiful countryside can be, Rural tourism provides an everlasting attraction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F592;F320

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1446252