發(fā)布時間：2018-01-02 06:11

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：英國低碳經(jīng)濟政策的研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 英國 低碳經(jīng)濟 政策 啟示 研究

【摘要】：全球氣候變暖產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境問題,引起了人們對控制溫室氣體排放與發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟的空前重視,低碳經(jīng)濟作為應(yīng)對氣候變化和實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一種模式,率先被英國確定為發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略方向,并成為新的經(jīng)濟增長點。英國自提出低碳經(jīng)濟概念以來不斷探索和實踐,通過優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),努力實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型,保持經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定增長,從而成為世界上低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展最早且比較成功的國家。為了發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟,英國制定了財稅、金融、產(chǎn)業(yè)、能源、交通等一系列相關(guān)政策,通過制定和完善強制型、引導(dǎo)型和激勵型低碳經(jīng)濟政策體系,明確減排目標、建立低碳相關(guān)法律、強化政府職能、完善財政政策、碳交易政策、發(fā)展低碳技術(shù)等,合理組合與協(xié)調(diào)各種政策,促進了低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。英國不僅建立了政府引導(dǎo),市場主導(dǎo),民眾參與的低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式,還不斷加大低碳研發(fā)投入,大力促進商用技術(shù)研發(fā)推廣,催生新興產(chǎn)業(yè);應(yīng)用市場機制與經(jīng)濟杠桿,促使企業(yè)實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排;引導(dǎo)人們生活方式轉(zhuǎn)變,實現(xiàn)低碳消費;通過淘汰原有的高耗能、高排放、高污染的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展低碳化。盡管英國低碳經(jīng)濟政策在推動低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展各方面都取得了顯著的成效,但在應(yīng)對世界經(jīng)濟危機給發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟帶來的影響,如成本劣勢及相關(guān)資源整合困難等方面,使政策的及時性、針對性和有效性大打折扣,并因此而產(chǎn)生許多問題。我國作為發(fā)展中的碳排放大國,根據(jù)相關(guān)的國際碳排放協(xié)議,按照共同但有區(qū)別的原則參與國際低碳排放實踐。隨著我國低碳經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展,迫切需要政策的支持和引導(dǎo),雖然已經(jīng)制定了財政、金融和產(chǎn)業(yè)以及節(jié)能減排收費、低碳采購等一系列政策,但尚未形成一個完整的低碳經(jīng)濟政策體系,給經(jīng)濟發(fā)展低碳化帶來很多問題。在低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的大趨勢下,應(yīng)結(jié)合實際,順應(yīng)世界經(jīng)濟發(fā)展潮流,借鑒英國等發(fā)達國家的經(jīng)驗,加強對低碳經(jīng)濟研究和政策的制定,積極推動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展向低碳轉(zhuǎn)型。本文主要考慮我國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和研究都落后于西方發(fā)達國家,而英國目前在低碳研究領(lǐng)域處于世界前列,希望通過研究英國低碳經(jīng)濟政策體系和成效,探尋低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的規(guī)律性,深化對低碳經(jīng)濟政策的認識,為推動我國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和制定政策提供理論支持和參考建議,具體各部分內(nèi)容概要如下:第一,對低碳經(jīng)濟和低碳經(jīng)濟政策的基本概念進行界定,概括了低碳經(jīng)濟及政策的本質(zhì)內(nèi)涵和特征,提出了低碳經(jīng)濟政策的劃分標準,并進行了分類和概述。該部分內(nèi)容為研究英國低碳經(jīng)濟政策創(chuàng)造條件。第二,在對國內(nèi)外關(guān)于低碳經(jīng)濟相關(guān)理論如:可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論、公共產(chǎn)品理論和外部性理論進行梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,深入研究和借鑒,為低碳經(jīng)濟和英國低碳經(jīng)濟政策研究提供理論基礎(chǔ)。第三,主要考慮英國在低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方面的世界領(lǐng)先地位,重點研究英國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,從低碳經(jīng)濟政策的產(chǎn)生、目標的確定及政策的發(fā)展完善,總結(jié)其推進低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和完善低碳經(jīng)濟政策的先進經(jīng)驗,并從中獲得啟示。第四,認為英國低碳經(jīng)濟政策主要包含財稅、金融、能源、產(chǎn)業(yè)、交通、技術(shù)等方面,按照政策發(fā)揮作用的性質(zhì)還可將其劃分為強制型、引導(dǎo)型和激勵型等政策,并具體從能源、產(chǎn)業(yè)、交通、市場、就業(yè)、消費理念等方面著重研究了英國低碳經(jīng)濟政策效應(yīng)、政策選擇和優(yōu)越性及存在問題;運用相關(guān)理論進行分析,探索適合中國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的政策體系和運行模式。第五,通過對我國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、相關(guān)政策現(xiàn)狀和存在問題的分析,借鑒英國發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟的相關(guān)政策,實現(xiàn)向低碳經(jīng)濟模式轉(zhuǎn)型的成功經(jīng)驗,從深化制度改革、完善政策體系、積極應(yīng)對外部效應(yīng)和強化法制保障等方面對低碳經(jīng)濟政策進行研究,并為發(fā)展有中國特色的低碳經(jīng)濟起到啟示作用,解決各種實際問題(如作為發(fā)展中國家在向低碳經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型過程中,要把握好碳排放的原則性和靈活性,并處理好與國際接軌的問題;又如要強化政策體系和法律制度的約束力,解決好上有政策下有對策,造成低碳經(jīng)濟政策落實不到位及負外部性問題等)。
[Abstract]:Environmental problems of global warming, has attracted unprecedented attention to the control of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of low carbon economy, low carbon economy as a response to climate change and a model to achieve sustainable economic and social development, the first to be identified as the British strategic direction of development, and become a new economic growth point. Since the British the concept of low carbon economy practice and exploration, through the optimization of the industrial structure, to achieve economic transformation, to maintain stable economic growth, to become the world's first low carbon economy development and more successful countries. In order to develop low carbon economy, Britain carried out taxation, finance, industry, energy, transportation and other a series of relevant policies through the establishment and improvement of the compulsory type, guiding and incentive system of low carbon economy policy, clear emission reduction targets, establish low carbon related laws, strengthen government functions, improve the fiscal policy, carbon Trade policy, the development of low carbon technology, reasonable combination and coordination of various policies to promote the development of low carbon economy. Britain not only establish a government guidance, market driven, public participation in the development model of low-carbon economy, also continue to increase investment in research and development of low carbon technology research and development, and vigorously promote the commercial promotion, spawned new industries; application market the mechanism and economic levers to encourage enterprises to achieve energy saving and emission reduction; guide the change in people's way of life, to achieve a low carbon consumption; through the elimination of high energy consumption, the high emissions, high pollution of the mode of economic development, to achieve economic development. Although the UK low carbon low carbon economy policy in promoting the development of low carbon economy in all aspects has achieved remarkable the results, but to influence the development of low carbon economy in response to the world economic crisis, such as cost disadvantage and resource integration difficulties, make policy timely, targeted and effective high Discount, resulting in many problems in our country. As the development of carbon emissions in the country, according to the international carbon emissions agreement, in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in international practice of low carbon emissions. With the rapid development of China's low-carbon economy, the urgent need for policy support and guidance, although has been developed the fiscal, financial and industrial energy saving and emission reduction and low carbon procurement charges, and a series of policies, but has not yet formed a complete low carbon economy policy system, cause a lot of problems in the low carbon economic development. In the trend of the development of low carbon economy, should be combined with the actual, conform to the trend of world economic development, the developed countries for reference Britain's experience, strengthen the development of low carbon economy research and policy, and actively promote economic development to low-carbon economy. This paper considers China's low-carbon economy development and research behind the western developed countries, and Britain is currently in low carbon research field in the world, hope that through the study of the UK low carbon economy policy system and effectiveness, explore the regularity of the development of low carbon economy, deepen the understanding of low-carbon economic policy, provide theoretical support and suggestions for promoting the development of low-carbon economy in China and policy, the specific contents of each part the summary is as follows: first, to define the basic concepts of the policy of low carbon economy and low carbon economy, summarizes the essence and connotation of low carbon economy and policy, put forward the division standard of low carbon economy policy, and classified and summarized. The content of this part to create conditions for the study of British low carbon economy policy. Second and in the domestic and foreign about low carbon economy theory such as the theory of sustainable development, based on the theory of public goods and externality theory on carding, in-depth research and reference for low carbon economy and low carbon Britain To provide a theoretical basis for economic policy research. Third, the main consideration in the UK low carbon economy development of the world's leading position, focus on British low-carbon economy development, from the low carbon economy policy, development and determine the policy goal of summing up the perfect, promote the development of low-carbon economy and improve the advanced experience of low carbon economy policy, and get inspiration from. Fourth, that the UK low carbon economy policy mainly consists of fiscal, financial, energy, industry, transportation, technology and other aspects, in accordance with the policy to play the role of nature can also be divided into strong type, guiding and incentive policies, and specifically from the energy industry, transportation, market, employment, consumption concept focuses on the UK low carbon economy policy effect, policy choice and the superiority and problems; the use of the relevant theoretical analysis, to explore the development of low carbon economy policy Chinese System and operation mode. Fifth, through the development of low carbon economy in our country, related policy analysis of the status quo and problems of relevant policies in Britain, the development of low-carbon economy, realize the successful experience of transition to a low carbon economy, the deepening system reform, improve the policy system, actively respond to external effects and strengthen legal protection etc. study on the low carbon economy policy, and implications for the development of low-carbon economy has Chinese characteristics, solving a variety of problems (such as to the developing countries in the process of low carbon economy in transition, to grasp the principle and flexibility, carbon emissions and deal with international problems; and as to to strengthen the policy system and legal system to solve the binding, there are measures under the policy, resulting in a low carbon economy policy implementation is not in place and negative externalities etc.).

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F156.1;F205

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