本文關(guān)鍵詞：鄭州沿黃旅游區(qū)土地利用變化及其生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)評價(jià)研究　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)下,大眾旅游時(shí)代已經(jīng)來臨,旅游用地作為旅游供給側(cè)的基礎(chǔ)平臺(tái),其改革和發(fā)展關(guān)乎我國未來旅游事業(yè)的成敗,對其研究意義重大。沿黃旅游區(qū)作為生態(tài)涵養(yǎng)、傳承文明和旅游開發(fā)的重要載體,當(dāng)前面臨著生態(tài)保護(hù)和旅游開發(fā)的矛盾,面臨著旅游發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型的困境,如何處理好沿黃旅游區(qū)土地利用與生態(tài)保護(hù)的關(guān)系,亟需合理的空間表達(dá)和發(fā)展模式。國土資源部、住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部、國家旅游局聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《關(guān)于支持旅游業(yè)發(fā)展用地政策的意見(國土資規(guī)〔2015〕10號(hào))》中更是強(qiáng)調(diào)“按照資源和生態(tài)保護(hù)、節(jié)約集約用地原則”安排旅游用地。在此背景下,從微觀的“旅游區(qū)”角度探討旅游用地問題具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。基于上述研究背景,本研究在文獻(xiàn)綜述、理論梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,依據(jù)國內(nèi)外旅游、生態(tài)和土地利用相關(guān)理論,遵循“格局-過程-機(jī)理”的地理學(xué)經(jīng)典研究范式,以鄭州沿黃旅游區(qū)為典型案例區(qū),依托RS、GIS等技術(shù)手段與分析方法,以鄭州沿黃旅游區(qū)土地利用時(shí)空變化過程及生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)為主線,采用文獻(xiàn)分析法、社會(huì)調(diào)查法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法、模型模擬方法等,對鄭州沿黃旅游區(qū)近15年土地利用變化及其生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)開展研究,旨在厘清鄭州沿黃旅游區(qū)發(fā)展與土地利用的互動(dòng)關(guān)系,分析鄭州沿黃型旅游區(qū)土地利用變化的特征與機(jī)制,評價(jià)生態(tài)環(huán)境面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)的宏觀趨勢和現(xiàn)實(shí)要求,探尋優(yōu)化鄭州沿黃旅游區(qū)用地系統(tǒng)的路徑,形成適合沿黃旅游區(qū)發(fā)展的土地利用模式,推動(dòng)旅游再造黃河之美,從而達(dá)到促進(jìn)沿黃旅游區(qū)土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的研究愿景。取得以下主要研究成果:(1)梳理了沿黃旅游區(qū)土地利用變化的特征。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):15年來,研究區(qū)土地利用變化較大。一是土地利用數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)變化明顯。主要可用“一擴(kuò)三減五增”來概括,即旅游區(qū)內(nèi)建成區(qū)面積擴(kuò)張迅速,但耕地、水域用地及其他用地比例逐漸減少,而林地、風(fēng)景點(diǎn)游賞用地、城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)用地、村莊用地及交通運(yùn)輸用地比例逐漸增加。二是土地利用的速度強(qiáng)度變化明顯。研究區(qū)正處于土地利用的發(fā)展期,各地類都發(fā)生了不同程度的變化,從時(shí)間序列看,前期土地利用變化強(qiáng)度較于后期表現(xiàn)的更為劇烈,特別是交通運(yùn)輸用地、林地、村莊用地、城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)用地、風(fēng)景點(diǎn)游賞用地成為增減幅度和變化強(qiáng)度較大的用地類型。三是土地利用變化空間分異明顯。從主要地類演化來看。耕地呈現(xiàn)出由區(qū)域全覆蓋向中部收縮的趨勢;林地變化呈現(xiàn)出“填充式”帶狀擴(kuò)展的狀態(tài);風(fēng)景游賞用地由中部向東西延伸,逐漸形成“一體兩翼”的格局;水域用地由條帶狀和網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀水系逐漸演變?yōu)樗槠阈欠植?城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)及村莊用地由零星分散狀向“大集中、小集聚”過度。四是土地利用功能變化明顯。旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展使旅游區(qū)用地類型由結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的耕地、林地、村莊用地等向綜合旅游服務(wù)主導(dǎo)的多樣化用地類型轉(zhuǎn)變,同時(shí)農(nóng)用地、城鎮(zhèn)及村莊建設(shè)用地的旅游化,改變著當(dāng)?shù)厝藗兊纳a(chǎn)生活方式,使其逐漸實(shí)現(xiàn)由農(nóng)民到商人、由農(nóng)村到旅游社區(qū)的轉(zhuǎn)化。五是建成區(qū)面積持續(xù)增加,擴(kuò)張速率不斷增強(qiáng),空間緊湊度逐漸提高,前期主要是往偏東部、東南方向擴(kuò)張,后期轉(zhuǎn)移向西和西北方向擴(kuò)展,反映出15年來研究區(qū)不斷被開發(fā)和建設(shè)的深刻社會(huì)變遷。(2)預(yù)測了沿黃旅游區(qū)未來土地利用的變化。本研究運(yùn)用馬爾柯夫模型對研究區(qū)未來土地利用變化進(jìn)行預(yù)測,發(fā)現(xiàn)該區(qū)建設(shè)用地將持續(xù)增加,耕地面積呈小幅度增加趨勢,但林地及水域用地面積不斷下降。未來林地及水域用地保護(hù)任務(wù)尤為突出。(3)總結(jié)了沿黃旅游區(qū)土地利用變化的驅(qū)動(dòng)因子與機(jī)理。本文認(rèn)為研究區(qū)土地利用格局演變主要是政府政策、人口增加、旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、資源因素、城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程、自然環(huán)境等多種內(nèi)外因素相互作用的結(jié)果。研究區(qū)用地空間格局演化經(jīng)歷緩慢發(fā)展期、快速變動(dòng)期和轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)期三個(gè)時(shí)段,完成了從資源驅(qū)動(dòng)向市場驅(qū)動(dòng)、由市場驅(qū)動(dòng)向政策驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化的旅游引導(dǎo)城鎮(zhèn)化過程。(4)綜合評價(jià)了沿黃旅游區(qū)土地利用變化所引起的生態(tài)效應(yīng)。該旅游區(qū)經(jīng)過15年的開發(fā),土地利用強(qiáng)度增加,生態(tài)治理得到加強(qiáng),和過去相比整體功能和環(huán)境得到了一定的提升,但旅游導(dǎo)向的土地開發(fā)也帶來地區(qū)人類活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度增大和旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)的集聚,從而導(dǎo)致垃圾廢物堆積、大氣及水污染增加、灘涂濕地遭到蠶食、局部地區(qū)自然景觀破壞和環(huán)境脆弱等生態(tài)響應(yīng),生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量提高的空間還很大。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)“以旅游養(yǎng)生態(tài),用生態(tài)促旅游”是促進(jìn)沿黃區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一條路徑。旅游驅(qū)動(dòng)下的地域開發(fā),可能會(huì)對區(qū)域局部生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來負(fù)面的影響,而在整體上會(huì)推動(dòng)旅游區(qū)生態(tài)格局與功能的優(yōu)化。旅游業(yè)快速發(fā)展可能在短時(shí)間會(huì)對區(qū)域土地利用及生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來負(fù)效應(yīng),但從長遠(yuǎn)看會(huì)對區(qū)域土地利用優(yōu)化、改善區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境有一定的積極影響。(5)提出了沿黃旅游區(qū)土地利用可持續(xù)發(fā)展的對策。針對研究區(qū)土地生態(tài)利用中存在的問題,本文提出“五大土地利用功能區(qū)”、“生態(tài)導(dǎo)向型土地開發(fā)模式(eold)”、“發(fā)展生態(tài)旅游”等多項(xiàng)促進(jìn)其可持續(xù)發(fā)展的對策。本研究的主要貢獻(xiàn)為:(1)較早對沿黃旅游區(qū)土地利用變化及其生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,推動(dòng)土地利用/覆被變化(LUCC)研究向更細(xì)致、更廣泛的領(lǐng)域深入。(2)揭示了研究區(qū)土地利用過程中引發(fā)的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,提出了生態(tài)導(dǎo)向型土地開發(fā)模式(EOLD)。(3)將研究聚焦在城市發(fā)展與旅游區(qū)發(fā)展互動(dòng)上,揭示出沿黃旅游區(qū)發(fā)展時(shí)空變化的動(dòng)態(tài)性和復(fù)雜性。
[Abstract]:Under the new normal economic era, the era of mass tourism has arrived. As the basic platform of the tourism supply side, the reform and development of tourism land is related to the success or failure of our future tourism industry, which is significant for its research. Along the Yellow River tourist area as an important carrier of ecological conservation, heritage of civilization and tourism development, currently facing the contradiction between ecological protection and tourism development, tourism development is facing the dilemma of transition, how to deal with the relationship between ecological protection along the land use yellow tourist areas in need of proper spatial expression and mode of development. The Ministry of land, housing and urban construction department, the National Tourism Bureau jointly issued "on the support for the development of tourism industry policy advice (MLR regulations 2015 No. 10)" is more emphasized "in accordance with the resources and ecological protection, land saving and intensive use of tourism land arrangement principle". In this context, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the problem of tourist land from the micro "tourist area" angle. Based on the above research background, the research based on literature review and theory on the basis of domestic and international tourism, ecology and land use theory, follow the pattern of "the process mechanism of the classical paradigm of geography, along the Yellow River in Zhengzhou tourist area as a typical case, relying on RS, GIS and other technical means and analysis in the method, process and effect of ecological environment along the Zhengzhou land use change yellow tourism area as the main line, using the literature analysis method, social investigation method, mathematical statistics method, model simulation method, the change and its ecological effect along the Yellow River in Zhengzhou Tourism District in recent 15 years of soil research, aims to clarify the development of Zhengzhou along the Yellow River tourism area and land use relationship analysis along the change characteristics and mechanism of land use types in Zhengzhou Tourism District Huang, risk evaluation of the ecological environment, on the basis of this, combined with the new town The macro trend of construction and practical requirements, to explore the optimization of Zhengzhou along the Yellow River tourist area with the path of the system, forming a pattern of land use along the development of yellow tourist areas, promote the tourism reconstruction of the beauty of the Yellow River, so as to promote the research vision of sustainable development of land along the Yellow tourism ecosystem. The following main research results are obtained: (1) the characteristics of land use change in the tourist area along the Yellow River are combed. It is found that the land use changes in the research area have changed considerably in the past 15 years. First, the changes in the quantity structure of land use are obvious. Mainly used "a diffuser three minus five by" to summarize, the tourist area of the built-up area expanded rapidly, but the arable land, water land and other land ratio decreased gradually, while tourism scenic spots, forest land, urban construction land, village land use proportion of land and transportation gradually increased. Two, the speed and intensity change of land use is obvious. The study area is in the development period of land use, the change in different degree, from the time series, the intensity of land use change compared to the later period is more severe, especially land, forest, village transportation land, urban construction, tourism attractions with wind become changes and the change of intensity of the larger land types. Three, the spatial differentiation of land use change is obvious. From the main evolution of the class. Land emerged from the full coverage of the area to the central contraction trend; woodland change presents "infill" band expanded state; scenic spots from the middle to the East and West extension, has gradually formed a "two wings" pattern; water land by the strip and network shape gradually evolved into fragmented scattered towns; and the construction of the village land from scattered to the "small concentration, excessive agglomeration. Four, the change of land use function is obvious. The diversification of tourism industry development tourism so that the land use types by the simple structure of the cultivated land, forest land, the village land to the comprehensive tourism service dominant land type change, at the same time, agricultural land, urban and rural construction land tourism, changing the local people's production and life style, which gradually realized by farmers into businessmen, from the countryside to the tourist community. The five is the built-up area continued to increase, the expansion rate is increasing, the spatial compactness gradually increased, mainly to East and southeast direction of expansion, the late transfer of West and northwest direction, reflecting 15 years of study area has been profound social development and construction of the change. (2) the change of land use in the future of the tourist area along the Yellow River is predicted. In this study, the Malco J model is used to predict the future land use change in the study area. It is found that the construction land will continue to increase, and the arable land area will increase slightly. However, the area of woodland and water area will continue to decrease. The future land protection task of woodland and water area is particularly prominent. (3) the driving factors and mechanism of land use change in the tourist area along the Yellow River are summarized. This paper argues that the evolution of land use pattern in the study area is mainly due to the interaction of various internal and external factors such as government policies, population growth, tourism economic development, resource factors, urbanization process and natural environment. The spatial pattern evolution of land use experienced three periods: slow development stage, rapid change stage and transformation upgrading stage, and completed the process of tourism guided urbanization from resource driven to market driven and market driven to policy driven. (4) the ecological effects of land use change in the tourist area along the Yellow River are evaluated comprehensively. The tourist area after 15 years of development, increase the intensity of land use, ecological management has been strengthened, the overall function and environment than in the past and improved, but the land development orientation of tourism also brings agglomeration intensity of human activities increases and the area of the tourism industry, which leads to accumulation of waste, air pollution and water pollution increase and beaches wetlands have been eroded, damage to the natural landscape and ecological environment of local area and fragile ecological environment and improve the quality of response.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F592.7;X826

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