本文關(guān)鍵詞：國際戰(zhàn)略博弈中的武器出口研究　出處：《中共中央黨�！�2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：武器出口是一種重要的國際政治現(xiàn)象,在國際戰(zhàn)略博弈中發(fā)揮著特殊的作用。作為一種特殊的國際貿(mào)易活動,武器出口能夠給出口國家?guī)碡S厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益,但它的作用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不限于經(jīng)濟(jì)。武器出口是一種特殊的戰(zhàn)略手段,始終服從于國家整體利益和戰(zhàn)略目的,作用于地緣政治和國際關(guān)系,在不同層面的國際戰(zhàn)略博弈中縱橫捭闔,影響著出口國與進(jìn)口國、其他相關(guān)國家乃至全球大國間關(guān)系的發(fā)展,推動著不同類別國家利益和戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。隨著時代的變遷,以及武器出口本身內(nèi)容、形式和范圍的不斷發(fā)展,武器出口在國家特別是大國對外戰(zhàn)略中的作用日益凸顯。當(dāng)前,和平與發(fā)展仍然是時代主題,國際力量對比朝著有利于維護(hù)世界和平方向發(fā)展,保持國際形勢總體穩(wěn)定具備更多有利條件。但世界仍然很不安寧,全球發(fā)展不平衡加劇,局部動蕩頻繁發(fā)生,傳統(tǒng)安全威脅和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅交織。因此,武器裝備在世界很多地方仍然有著巨大的需求,武器出口與進(jìn)口仍然是國際戰(zhàn)略博弈中的一個重要手段和重要現(xiàn)象。對之加以研究,無論從學(xué)術(shù)還是現(xiàn)實(shí)來說,都成為緊迫的需要。 武器出口涉及多個學(xué)科門類和研究領(lǐng)域,國內(nèi)外已有不少研究武器出口的學(xué)術(shù)成果,但從國際戰(zhàn)略博弈的角度,整體性研究武器出口問題,考察其在國際戰(zhàn)略博弈中的作用,就國內(nèi)而言,還較少有人涉獵。本文試圖從出口國角度構(gòu)建一個研究武器出口及其戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)用的框架體系,對武器出口本身、武器出口的國際環(huán)境、影響武器出口的國內(nèi)因素等等進(jìn)行考察分析,并對中國的武器出口進(jìn)行專門研究,以期用國際戰(zhàn)略博弈的視野,梳理清楚世界武器出口的狀況、特點(diǎn)、特別是在國際戰(zhàn)略博弈中的作用,為我國自身做好武器出口工作提供一些參考和建議。本文除緒論外,正文包括四部分共六章內(nèi)容。緒論部分主要說明本文的選題原因和研究意義,系統(tǒng)梳理從態(tài)勢、經(jīng)貿(mào)、政策、歷史、數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)以及對臺軍售等角度研究武器出口的國內(nèi)外主要觀點(diǎn),簡要說明本文研究武器出口及其戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)用的主要方法,并說明本文在選題、研究角度、研究內(nèi)容和研究方法方面的創(chuàng)新以及研究中的難點(diǎn)。第一部分是武器出口的基本理論,具體包括第一章和第二章。第一章“武器出口及在國家戰(zhàn)略博弈中的功能作用”,主要研究武器出口在當(dāng)前國際戰(zhàn)略博弈中是一種什么樣的對外戰(zhàn)略手段,即分析國際戰(zhàn)略博弈的時代特征、分析模型和手段要求,武器出口的戰(zhàn)略定位及其作為戰(zhàn)略手段的特點(diǎn),厘清武器出口與軍事援助、裁軍軍控等相關(guān)概念的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別,歸納武器出口在實(shí)現(xiàn)國家利益特別是安全利益過程中的政治外交、經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易、軍事安全和文化等戰(zhàn)略功能,并從歷史的視角探討不同階段武器出口在國際戰(zhàn)略博弈中的運(yùn)用。第二章“國家實(shí)力與武器出口的互動影響”,主要研究武器出口與國家實(shí)力的雙向互動問題,重點(diǎn)研究國家政治、外交、經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事等實(shí)力要素與武器出口既相互促進(jìn)又相互制約的緊密關(guān)系,分析國家實(shí)力對武器出口政策、戰(zhàn)略和競爭力的影響,并探討武器出口對國家實(shí)力的促進(jìn)作用和負(fù)面影響。第二部分是武器出口的外部環(huán)境,具體包括第三章和第四章。第三章“武器出口的國際態(tài)勢及其發(fā)展”,主要研究各國開展武器出口競爭和戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)用的國際環(huán)境,重點(diǎn)分析新世紀(jì)世界武器出口在規(guī)模、市場分布、出口國和出口形式等方面呈現(xiàn)出的基本特征,分析武器出口態(tài)勢對各國武器出口帶來的推動作用和負(fù)面影響,從更寬廣的視角研究推動武器出口態(tài)勢演變的國際環(huán)境和進(jìn)出口國政策等因素,并以中國周邊地區(qū)為重點(diǎn)研究美俄兩個出口大國的武器出口博弈。第四章“武器出口國際法規(guī)及其戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)用”,主要研究武器出口的國際規(guī)范,這是各國開展武器出口競爭和戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)用的制度環(huán)境或軟環(huán)境。重點(diǎn)總結(jié)梳理國際社會在全球、地區(qū)和專門領(lǐng)域建立起來的武器出口法規(guī)體系,分析國際法規(guī)對各國武器出口國內(nèi)立法、決策、競爭力、運(yùn)用效果等的影響,并探討當(dāng)前落實(shí)武器出口國際法規(guī)面臨的主要機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。本章還對聯(lián)合國《武器貿(mào)易條約》進(jìn)行專門的案例研究,以剖析該條約在形成過程中中所反映出的各主要國家或地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)略博弈。第三部分研究主要國家的武器出口政策。武器出口政策是國家對外戰(zhàn)略、國際戰(zhàn)略博弈對武器出口要求的具體體現(xiàn),也是運(yùn)用武器出口開展國際戰(zhàn)略博弈的重要指導(dǎo)。長期以來,美國和俄羅斯(前蘇聯(lián))一直是世界上最大的武器出口國,美國比較成功地運(yùn)用了武器出口以實(shí)現(xiàn)國家對外戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。前蘇聯(lián)的武器出口政治性非常明顯。俄羅斯武器出口具有很強(qiáng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)動因,但隨著其國際戰(zhàn)略的演化,武器出口在俄羅斯恢復(fù)大國地位和實(shí)現(xiàn)全球影響方面的戰(zhàn)略功能得到更多重視和發(fā)揮。日本是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)強(qiáng)國,具有強(qiáng)大的軍工生產(chǎn)能力,武器出口三原則的修改有可能釋放日本武器出口的巨大潛力。本章即第五章“世界主要國家的武器出口政策”主要研究美國、俄羅斯和日本的武器出口政策,在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)梳理美、俄、英、法、德等主要出口國相關(guān)政策的共同特點(diǎn),以清晰勾勒出當(dāng)前武器出口政策的特點(diǎn)和趨勢。第四部分即第六章“中國的武器出口及其戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)用”,首先從歷史發(fā)展的維度回顧武器出口在維護(hù)新生共和國安全、開展反霸斗爭、支持世界民族解放運(yùn)動、營造有利安全環(huán)境等方面發(fā)揮的重要作用,著重分析新形勢下國家安全利益需求拓展、國家實(shí)力增強(qiáng)和對外戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整給中國武器出口發(fā)展帶來的良好機(jī)遇,同時研究戰(zhàn)略統(tǒng)籌、管理機(jī)制建設(shè)和競爭環(huán)境變化給中國武器出口帶來的挑戰(zhàn),并通過對中國武器出口現(xiàn)狀、作用和問題的分析,對未來中國武器出口如何穩(wěn)步發(fā)展、國家如何統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、促進(jìn)和管控武器出口問題、如何積極發(fā)揮武器出口在國際戰(zhàn)略博弈中的作用提出有針對性的對策建議。
[Abstract]:The export of weapons is an important international political phenomenon and plays a special role in the international strategic game. As a special kind of international trade activity, the export of weapons can bring rich economic benefits to the exporting countries, but its role is far from the economy. The export of weapons is a special kind of strategy, always subject to the country's overall interests and strategic objectives in geopolitics and international relations, international strategy in perpendicular and horizontal different aspects of the game, affects the development of exporting and importing countries and other relevant countries and around the world in the relationship between promoting implementation of different categories of countries interests and strategic objectives. With the change of the times and the continuous development of the content, form and scope of arms exports, the role of arms exports in countries, especially big powers, is becoming increasingly prominent. At present, peace and development remain the theme of the times. The comparison of international power is favorable for maintaining the direction of world peace and maintaining the overall stability of the international situation. But the world is still unquiet, the global development imbalance is intensifying, local turbulence is frequent, traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats are intertwined. Therefore, weapons and equipment are still in great demand in many parts of the world, and arms exports and imports are still important means and important phenomena in the international strategic game. It is an urgent need to study it both academically and realistically. The export of weapons involving multiple disciplines and research areas, there have been many studies on arms exports of academic achievements, but from the perspective of the game of international strategy, integrated research on arms export problem, study in the international strategy in the game, at home, less people read. This paper attempts to construct a research framework of strategic arms exports and use system from the exporter's perspective on the export of weapons itself, influence of international environment, the export of weapons weapons exports from the domestic factors and so on were studied, and the China arms exports for specialized research, in order to use international strategic game view, sort out the world of weapons the export situation and characteristics, especially in the international strategic game role, provide some references and suggestions for China's arms exports do work. In addition to the introduction, the text includes six chapters in four parts. The introduction part mainly explains the reasons and significance of the research, systematic research from the situation, the export of weapons trade, policy, history, statistics and arms sales to Taiwan angle both at home and abroad, a brief description of the main methods of this research and strategic use of arms exports, and explain the difficulties in this paper topic, research perspective, the research content and methods of innovation and research in. The first part is the basic theory of the export of weapons, including the first and the second chapters. The first chapter "the export of weapons and in the national strategy in the game, the main function of" Research on arms exports is a kind of what kind of foreign strategy in the current international strategy game, namely the analysis of the characteristics of the times, the international strategic game analysis model and method, the strategic positioning of arms exports and its characteristics as a strategic means of contact to clarify the difference and export of weapons and military aid, arms control and disarmament and other related concepts, summarized in the export of weapons to realize national interests especially the security interests in the process of political diplomacy, economy and trade, military security and the strategic function, and to explore the use of different stages of arms exports in the international strategy in the game from the historical perspective. The second chapter "the interaction" of national strength and the export of weapons, interdynamic main research arms exports and national strength, national emphasis on political and diplomatic, economic and military strength elements and arms exports to both promote each other closely related and mutually restrict, influence of national strength of arms export policy, strategy and competitiveness, and to explore the positive and negative influence on the export of weapons of national strength. The second part is the external environment of the export of weapons, including third chapters and fourth chapters. The third chapter "the weapon exports international situation and development", mainly studies the worldwide arms export competition and strategic use of international environment, focus on the analysis of the basic characteristics of the new century world of arms exports in terms of scale, market distribution, export and export form showing the analysis brought about the situation of export to all weapons exports of weapons role and the negative influence, from a broader perspective to promote the evolution of arms export situation of international environment and the import and export policies and other factors, and to the surrounding area China game focuses on arms exports as the two export power. The fourth chapter, "international regulations and strategic application of arms exports", mainly studies international norms of arms exports, which is the institutional environment or soft environment for all countries to carry out arms export competition and strategic application. Summarize the arms export regulations system combing international society established in global and regional and specialized fields, analysis of the influence of international laws and regulations on national arms export competitiveness, domestic legislation, decision-making, and application effect, and discuss the current implementation of international arms export regulations facing major challenges and opportunities. This chapter also conducts a special case study of the United Nations arms trade treaty to analyze the strategic game of major countries or regions reflected in the formation of the treaty. The third part studies the policy of weapon export in the main countries. The arms export policy is the specific embodiment of the national foreign strategy and the international strategy game for the export of weapons, and is also an important guide to carry out the international strategic game with arms exports. For a long time, the United States and Russia (the former Soviet Union) have been the largest military in the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F426.48;F752.62

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