【摘要】：厭氧氨氧化是Anammox菌體將NH4+和NO2-轉化為N2的過程。與傳統(tǒng)生物脫氮技術相比,厭氧氨氧化技術具有脫氮效率高、不需外加碳源、不需曝氣、污泥產量低等優(yōu)點而受到國內外研究者的廣泛關注。但是,Anammox細菌具有倍增緩慢難以富集和環(huán)境敏感等缺點,這使其工業(yè)應用推廣受到了限制。針對上述問題,本論文以Anammox菌體為研究對象,探尋了Anammox菌體的鐵還原代謝途徑；并通過探索群體感應現(xiàn)象對Anammox菌體生理特性的影響,開發(fā)了通過外源添加Anammox菌體顆粒污泥反應器(Anammox Granular Sludge Reactor, AGSR)上清液提高Anammox菌體氮去除能力、加速厭氧氨氧化啟動的方法；分析了群體感應信號在維持菌體顆粒穩(wěn)定和保持儲存菌種活性中的作用。本論文的研究成果如下：(1)Anammox菌體具有鐵還原能力,在本實驗條件下,Anammox菌體鐵還原的最適反應條件為pH=7時,以甲酸鹽為電子供體,Fe(Ⅲ)-NTA為電子受體進行反應。其中,約有80%的鐵還原酶定位于Anammox菌體的膜組分,20%鐵還原酶活性存在于可溶性組分。菌體內厭氧氨氧化體鐵還原活性占總體活性的51%。Anammox菌體在氮代謝同時鐵還原反應中,氮代謝過程不會受到影響,但是其還原產生的Fe2+含量僅為鐵還原組的7.02%。(2) AGSR上清液中含有群體感應信號C12-HSL。利用含C12-HSL的AGSR上清液制備反應器進水,能將厭氧氨氧化啟動進程從80天縮短到66天。同時,Anammox細菌的氮負荷率(Nigrogen Loading Rate, NLR)也提高到對照組的1.6倍。此外,AGSR上清液還能促進反應器中菌體的胞外聚合物(Extracellular Polymeric Substances, EPS)分泌和Anammox菌體的富集,同時影響菌群演化。(3)群體感應信號能影響Anammox菌體的氮代謝活性,并通過調控EPS分泌影響Anammox菌體顆粒的強度、粒徑和穩(wěn)定性。利用香草醛和豬腎酰化酶對群體感應信號物質進行抑制,Anammox菌體的厭氧氨氧化活性(Specific Anammox Activity, SAA)從178.48 mg N/g VSS·d分別降低到156.66和156.51 mg N/g VSS·d。酶粗提物活性從2.33 μmol cytochrome c/min/mg protein降低到1.63和1.47 μmol cytochrome c/min/mg protein。抑制群體感應信號會造成菌體顆粒穩(wěn)定性、粒徑及強度的下降。這種穩(wěn)定性的下降主要是由于EPS中的蛋白(Protein, PN)及多糖(Polysaccharide, PS)含量降低和PN/PS比例變化造成的。(4)群體感應信號有助于Anammox菌體在儲藏條件下活性和血紅素c (Heme c)含量的保持。分別在絮狀和顆粒狀Anammox菌體中外源添加10mg/LC12-HSL和1g/L豬腎�；�,并于室溫(20℃)條件下儲存90天,加入C12-HSL的Anammox絮狀菌體活性比不加入外源物質儲存后菌體活性高6.13%,而加入豬腎酰化酶去除群體感應信號的Anammox顆粒狀菌體活性僅為對照組菌體活性的86.24%。加入C12-HSL的Anammox絮狀菌體的酶粗提物活性提高了27.73%,而加入豬腎酰化酶的Anammox菌體顆粒的酶粗提物活性僅為對照組菌體活性的86.44%。群體感應信號還有助于Anammox菌體中Heme c含量的保持。加入C12-HSL信號儲存的絮狀Anammox菌體中Heme c含量比對照組高27.03%。而加入豬腎酰化酶后的Anammox顆粒狀菌體中Heme c的含量僅為對照組菌體中Heme c含量的59.65%。
[Abstract]:The anaerobic ammoxidation is the process of converting NH4 + and NO2-into N2 by the Anammox cells. Compared with the traditional biological denitrification technology, the anaerobic ammoxidation technology has the advantages of high denitrification efficiency, no need of external carbon source, no need of aeration, low sludge yield and the like, and is widely concerned by the researchers at home and abroad. however, that Anammox bacteria have the disadvantage of being slow to accumulate and sensitive to the environment, which limit their industrial application. In the light of the above-mentioned problems, the paper, taking the Anammox thalli as the research object, explored the iron reduction and metabolic pathway of the Anammox thalli, and developed the Anammox Granular Saudge Reactor by adding the Anammox thalli granular sludge reactor through the study of the effect of the population induction on the physiological characteristics of the Anammox thalli. The method for improving the nitrogen removal capacity of the Anammox cell and accelerating the initiation of the anaerobic ammoxidation is carried out on the AGSR), and the effect of the population induction signal in the maintenance of the cell particle stability and the preservation of the activity of the storage strain is analyzed. The results of this paper are as follows: (1) The Anammox thalli has the ability of iron reduction. Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimum reaction conditions for the reduction of the Anammox thalli are pH = 7, and the acid salt is the electron donor, and the Fe (鈪，

本文編號：2410623