基于GEM-TPC的快中子能譜儀的研究
發(fā)布時間:2019-01-18 13:26
【摘要】:在未來的核工業(yè)、核物理實驗和國土安全領域中,快中子能譜儀將扮演著重要的角色,它有望用于快中子反應堆的狀態(tài)監(jiān)控、特殊核材料的監(jiān)測、以及熱核聚變等離子體的診斷等實踐中。但是,傳統(tǒng)快中子能譜儀面臨著探測效率和能量分辨率難以同時達到優(yōu)良性能的困境,或是對探測器的介質(zhì)材料、中子源和中子束流有著特殊的要求,這些因素都限制了傳統(tǒng)快中子能譜儀的廣泛應用。因此,需要一類新型快中子能譜儀,同時具備較高的能量分辨率、較好的探測效率、很好的n/γ抑制比、介質(zhì)材料易獲得、以及適用范圍廣等特征。論文提出了基于GEM-TPC(基于氣體電子倍增器的時間投影室)的快中子能譜儀(中子TPC)的設想,試圖解決傳統(tǒng)快中子能譜儀所面臨的困惑。對照傳統(tǒng)快中子能譜儀的性能指標,并結(jié)合中子TPC自身特性,提出了中子TPC的預期指標:(1)對于5MeV中子,能量分辨率(FWHM)≤5%,探測效率≥10-5;(2)對于2.5MeV中子,能量分辨率(FWHM)≤7%,探測效率≥10-5。論文完成了國際上第一套中子TPC系統(tǒng)的模擬計算、理論分析、設計搭建和實驗研究,具體研究內(nèi)容包括:1)基于Geant4、Garfield和ROOT等模擬軟件對中子TPC的性能進行模擬計算;模擬結(jié)果表明,中子TPC對5MeV和2.5MeV中子的性能響應可以滿足預期指標。2)構(gòu)建了中子TPC的數(shù)學解析模型,分析了影響中子TPC性能的重要因素,為提高中子TPC的性能指明了理論方向。3)完成了中子TPC的設計、搭建和測試,并采用基于宇宙線測量的中子TPC通道增益不一致性的修正方法,實現(xiàn)了對圓弧形讀出pad的通道增益的標定和修正。4)完成了中子TPC系統(tǒng)的中子束流實驗,并獨立編寫了實驗數(shù)據(jù)處理程序,分析并解決了以下幾個難點:通過選用信號波形的積分面積和時間重心來表征信號的能量和時間信息,消除了彈道虧損對信號能量和時間信息的影響;采用基于數(shù)學公式和實驗數(shù)據(jù)散點擬合的修正方法校正了電子漂移速度;通過Hough變換排除了反沖質(zhì)子主徑跡外的本底干擾信號,實現(xiàn)質(zhì)子主徑跡點的篩選;通過比較粒子徑跡起始位置和粒子平均電離能量損失率,排除了本底粒子對有效質(zhì)子事例的影響。最后,中子束流實驗結(jié)果表明,對于1.2MeV、1.81MeV和2.5MeV中子束流,中子TPC的能量分辨率(FWHM)可以分別達到15.7%、10.3%和7.0%,同時探測效率優(yōu)于10-5,性能指標達到了預期設想。
[Abstract]:In the future nuclear industry, nuclear physics experiments and homeland security, fast neutron spectrometer will play an important role, it is expected to be used in fast neutron reactor state monitoring, monitoring of special nuclear materials, And the diagnosis of thermonuclear fusion plasma. However, the traditional fast neutron spectrometer is facing the dilemma that the detection efficiency and energy resolution are difficult to achieve good performance at the same time, or there are special requirements for the dielectric material, neutron source and neutron beam current of the detector. These factors limit the wide application of traditional fast neutron spectrometers. Therefore, a new type of fast neutron spectrometer is needed, with high energy resolution, good detection efficiency, good N / 緯 suppression ratio, easy to obtain dielectric materials and wide range of application. In this paper, the conception of fast neutron energy spectrometer (TPC) based on GEM-TPC (time projection chamber based on gas electron multiplier) is proposed to solve the puzzlement of traditional fast neutron spectrometer. Comparing with the performance of traditional fast neutron spectrometer and combining with the characteristics of neutron TPC, the expected index of neutron TPC is put forward: (1) for 5MeV neutron, the energy resolution (FWHM) 鈮,
本文編號:2410765
[Abstract]:In the future nuclear industry, nuclear physics experiments and homeland security, fast neutron spectrometer will play an important role, it is expected to be used in fast neutron reactor state monitoring, monitoring of special nuclear materials, And the diagnosis of thermonuclear fusion plasma. However, the traditional fast neutron spectrometer is facing the dilemma that the detection efficiency and energy resolution are difficult to achieve good performance at the same time, or there are special requirements for the dielectric material, neutron source and neutron beam current of the detector. These factors limit the wide application of traditional fast neutron spectrometers. Therefore, a new type of fast neutron spectrometer is needed, with high energy resolution, good detection efficiency, good N / 緯 suppression ratio, easy to obtain dielectric materials and wide range of application. In this paper, the conception of fast neutron energy spectrometer (TPC) based on GEM-TPC (time projection chamber based on gas electron multiplier) is proposed to solve the puzzlement of traditional fast neutron spectrometer. Comparing with the performance of traditional fast neutron spectrometer and combining with the characteristics of neutron TPC, the expected index of neutron TPC is put forward: (1) for 5MeV neutron, the energy resolution (FWHM) 鈮,
本文編號:2410765
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