本文選題：大熊貓 + GIS�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：大熊貓(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)是我國(guó)特有的珍稀野生動(dòng)物,是全球自然保護(hù)的旗艦物種。然而,現(xiàn)今大熊貓的野生種群僅分布于六大山系的多個(gè)隔離生境單元中,生境的喪失與破碎化直接威脅到大熊貓的生存。進(jìn)行大熊貓空間利用與生境選擇及動(dòng)態(tài)變化研究對(duì)于更深入地了解其生存現(xiàn)狀及與人類和自然系統(tǒng)的關(guān)系有著重要意義,可以為野生大熊貓種群與棲息地的保護(hù)和恢復(fù)提供參考。本文在四川省臥龍自然保護(hù)區(qū),基于兩次全國(guó)大熊貓調(diào)查、野外大熊貓GPS項(xiàng)圈的位點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)和保護(hù)區(qū)的DEM圖層、植被類型圖、竹林分布圖,同時(shí)結(jié)合野外生境樣方調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),研究了保護(hù)區(qū)野生大熊貓種群空間利用與生境適宜性的分布特征、動(dòng)態(tài)變化及其驅(qū)動(dòng)因素;比較分析了不同水平上的生境特征差異,并探討了原始林與次生林生境的大熊貓生境選擇特征;以期為野生大熊貓種群的保護(hù)管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究取得的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)臥龍自然保護(hù)區(qū)野生大熊貓種群空間利用分布面積為51 368.22 hm2,主要分布在保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)植被覆蓋度較高、竹類資源豐富、人類干擾程度較低的適宜生境區(qū)域,位于海拔2 000 m～3 000 m、坡度20°～50°的針葉林與針闊混交林中,主要利用的采食竹為拐棍竹(Fargesiarobusta)與冷箭竹(Bashania fangiana)。(2)與2001年相比,2012年保護(hù)區(qū)大熊貓的整體空間利用面積變化不大,但在空間上有近40%的區(qū)域發(fā)生了不同趨向的轉(zhuǎn)移或擴(kuò)散;在空間利用格局的動(dòng)態(tài)變化上,保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)高適宜等級(jí)區(qū)域面積有所增大,而邊緣生境區(qū)域更容易受到自然災(zāi)害和人為因素的干擾,呈現(xiàn)出了斑塊數(shù)量增加,破碎化加重的特點(diǎn)。(3)與2001年相比,2012年保護(hù)區(qū)大熊貓棲息地的生境適宜性略有提高,但不同區(qū)域棲息地的生境適宜性變化幅度較大,引起大熊貓空間利用與生境適宜性變化的主要影響因素有竹林的恢復(fù)、地震的破壞以及生態(tài)旅游的開(kāi)發(fā)等;需要在今后的保護(hù)工作中引起足夠的重視。(4)保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)核桃坪區(qū)域大熊貓核心與邊緣家域的生境特征差異主要表現(xiàn)在距小路距離、喬木高度、成竹密度和死竹密度4個(gè)生境因子上。與邊緣家域相比,核心家域具有距小路距離較近、喬木高度偏低、成竹和死竹密度較大等特點(diǎn)。(5)保護(hù)區(qū)次生林大熊貓生境的恢復(fù)狀況良好,尤其是竹林資源的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育狀況較好;部分次生林生境具備了大熊貓生境選擇的基本條件,完全可以滿足大熊貓的生存需求。但與原始林生境相比,次生林生境在植被類型依然表現(xiàn)為闊葉林比重較大、喬木高度和灌木胸徑仍明顯小于原始林生境的特征。(6)在不同森林起源水平上,大熊貓對(duì)坡度、坡向等15個(gè)生境因子的23個(gè)類型的選擇存在差異;與原始林生境相比,大熊貓?jiān)诖紊稚持胁煌潭鹊臄U(kuò)大或轉(zhuǎn)移了對(duì)生境因子類型的選擇特征,具備對(duì)不同生境類型的適應(yīng)能力;但整體上表現(xiàn)為更偏好選擇原始林生境。
[Abstract]:Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a unique and rare wild animal in China. However, the wild populations of giant pandas are only distributed in many isolated habitat units of six mountain systems, and habitat loss and fragmentation directly threaten the survival of giant pandas. The study of space utilization, habitat selection and dynamic changes of giant pandas is of great significance for a deeper understanding of their survival status and their relationship with human beings and natural systems. It can provide reference for the conservation and restoration of wild panda population and habitat. In this paper, based on two national panda surveys, GPS collar site data and Dem map, vegetation type map, bamboo forest distribution map of Wolong Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, combined with field habitat sample survey data, The distribution, dynamic changes and driving factors of spatial utilization and habitat suitability of wild panda populations in the reserve were studied, and the differences of habitat characteristics at different levels were compared and analyzed. In order to provide scientific basis for the conservation and management of wild giant panda population, the characteristics of panda habitat selection in primary forest and secondary forest were discussed. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) the spatial utilization area of wild panda population in Wolong Nature Reserve is 51 368.22 hm2.It is mainly distributed in the reserve with high vegetation coverage and abundant bamboo resources. The suitable habitat area with low human disturbance is located in the coniferous forest and coniferous broad-leaved forest with a slope of 20 擄or 50 擄above sea level. Compared with 2001, the total spatial utilization area of giant panda in the reserve was not changed much, but there were nearly 40% of the areas in the protected area shifted or diffused in different directions. The main feeding bamboo was Fargesiarobustaa) and Bashania fangianaanana. 2) in 2012, the total spatial utilization area of the giant panda in the reserve changed little, but nearly 40% of the areas in the reserve had different tendency to transfer or spread. In the dynamic change of spatial utilization pattern, the area of high suitability level area in the protected area has increased, while the marginal habitat area is more vulnerable to natural disasters and human factors, showing an increase in the number of patches. Compared with 2001, the habitat suitability of giant panda habitat in the reserve increased slightly, but the habitat suitability of different regions changed greatly. The main influencing factors for the change of space utilization and habitat suitability of giant panda are the restoration of bamboo forest, the damage of earthquake and the development of ecotourism. Sufficient attention should be paid to the conservation work in the future. (4) the difference of habitat characteristics between the core and marginal areas of giant panda in the walnut plateau is mainly reflected in the distance from the path to the path and the height of the tree. The density of adult bamboo and the density of dead bamboo were 4 habitat factors. Compared with the marginal family area, the core family area is close to the path, the height of Arbor trees is low, and the density of bamboo and dead bamboo is high. In particular, the growth and development of bamboo forest resources is good, and some secondary forest habitats have the basic conditions of giant panda habitat selection, which can fully meet the survival needs of giant pandas. However, compared with primitive forest habitats, secondary forest habitats still have a larger proportion of broad-leaved forests in vegetation types, and tree height and shrub DBH are still significantly smaller than the characteristics of primitive forest habitats. There were differences in the selection of 23 types of the 15 habitat factors such as slope orientation, and compared with the primary forest habitat, the giant panda expanded or transferred the selection characteristics of the habitat factors in different degrees in the secondary forest habitat, and compared with the primary forest habitat, the giant panda expanded or transferred the selection characteristics of the habitat factors in different degrees. It has the ability to adapt to different habitat types, but as a whole, it prefers to choose primitive forest habitat.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q958.1

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