本文選題：太陽(yáng)輻照度 + 絕對(duì)輻射計(jì)　； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院長(zhǎng)春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：太陽(yáng)作為地球最重要的外部能量來(lái)源,它的任何微小變化都會(huì)引起地球輻射收支能量的改變,并最終帶來(lái)地球環(huán)境和氣候狀況的變化,故在世界范圍內(nèi)對(duì)太陽(yáng)輻照度進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期、連續(xù)、精確的監(jiān)測(cè)工作是非常重要且必需的。太陽(yáng)絕對(duì)輻射計(jì)為電替代輻射計(jì),經(jīng)過(guò)50多年的發(fā)展已成為目前太陽(yáng)總輻照度測(cè)量的主要監(jiān)測(cè)儀器。該儀器是利用光輻射熱效應(yīng)工作的熱電型紅外探測(cè)器,具有錐腔高吸收率、測(cè)量高精度的特點(diǎn)。其工作原理為利用光電等效性,用可精確測(cè)量的電功率復(fù)現(xiàn)入射的輻射光功率,電功率的功率值即為輻射光功率的測(cè)量值。本文首先對(duì)中國(guó)科學(xué)院長(zhǎng)春光機(jī)所研制的太陽(yáng)絕對(duì)輻射計(jì)SIAR(Solar Irradiance Absolute Radiometer)的結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理進(jìn)行闡述。以在瑞士達(dá)沃斯建立的地面太陽(yáng)總輻照度測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),建立了太陽(yáng)絕對(duì)輻射計(jì)光輻射測(cè)量的地面基準(zhǔn)。該基準(zhǔn)結(jié)合輻射計(jì)的不確定度分析以及國(guó)際對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)要求共同決定著太陽(yáng)絕對(duì)輻射計(jì)時(shí)間常數(shù)的選擇。SIAR內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的熱特性分析至關(guān)重要。本文從SIAR的實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā),結(jié)合SIAR在瑞士達(dá)沃斯國(guó)際對(duì)比期間測(cè)得的地面直射輻照度測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用有限元單元法,對(duì)具體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的熱特性分析。得到的結(jié)果為輻射計(jì)的溫度響應(yīng)提供依據(jù),與熱傳導(dǎo)動(dòng)態(tài)方程結(jié)合,為輻射計(jì)的進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和發(fā)展提供參考。本文也對(duì)光電不等效性進(jìn)行了細(xì)致研究。發(fā)現(xiàn)SIAR的光電不等效性主要由:光束一次反射、不同加熱區(qū)域和加熱位置、以及快門(mén)輻射換熱等引起的光電不等效組成。分別采用有限元單元法和理論計(jì)算的方法對(duì)該部分不等效進(jìn)行測(cè)量和修正,修正后的太陽(yáng)總輻照度更接近于世界輻射中心的基準(zhǔn)。最后,結(jié)合SIAR熱分析的方法,在中國(guó)科學(xué)院長(zhǎng)春光機(jī)所研制的新一代低溫輻射計(jì)ARCPR中進(jìn)行熱特性分析,為ARCPR材料的選取和結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)提供理論依據(jù)。根據(jù)分析,設(shè)計(jì)了新型的熱結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),該結(jié)構(gòu)增加了控溫?zé)岢燎也扇≈边B式的連接方式連接輻射計(jì)各組件,熱沉的穩(wěn)定性顯著提高。
[Abstract]:As the most important source of external energy for the earth, any small change in the solar energy will cause changes in the energy of the Earth's radiation budget and eventually in the Earth's environment and climate. Therefore, solar irradiance has been carried out worldwide for a long period of time. Continuous and accurate monitoring is very important and necessary. Solar absolute radiometer is an electrically substituted radiometer. After more than 50 years of development, it has become the main monitoring instrument for the measurement of total solar irradiance. The instrument is a thermoelectric infrared detector which uses the thermal effect of optical radiation. It has the characteristics of high absorption rate of conical cavity and high accuracy of measurement. Its working principle is to make use of the optoelectronic equivalence and to reproduce the incident radiation light power with the accurately measured electric power. The power value of the electric power is the measured value of the radiation light power. In this paper, the structure and working principle of solar absolute radiometer SIAR Solar irradiance Absolute Radiometeris developed by Changchun Optical Machine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, are described in this paper. Based on the measured data of total solar irradiance on the ground in Davos, Switzerland, the ground datum of solar absolute radiometer is established. Combined with the uncertainty analysis of radiometer and the requirement of international contrast experiment, it is very important to analyze the thermal characteristics of the internal structure of SIAR, which determines the choice of time constant of solar absolute radiometer. Based on the actual structure of Siar and the measured data of direct irradiance measured by Siar in Davos, Switzerland, the thermal characteristics of the concrete structure are analyzed by using finite element method (FEM). The obtained results provide the basis for the temperature response of the radiometer, combined with the dynamic equation of heat conduction, and provide a reference for the further optimization design and development of the radiometer. In this paper, the optoelectronic inequivalence is also studied in detail. It is found that the optoelectronic inequivalence of Siar is mainly caused by the primary reflection of the beam, the different heating regions and positions, and the radiative heat transfer of the shutter. The method of finite element method and theoretical calculation are used to measure and correct this part respectively. The corrected total solar irradiance is closer to the datum of the world radiation center. Finally, the thermal characteristics of a new generation of cryogenic radiometer ARCPR developed by Changchun Optical Machine of Chinese Academy of Sciences are analyzed with the method of SIAR thermal analysis, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of materials and the design of structure of ARCPR. According to the analysis, a new type of thermal structure is designed, which increases the temperature control heat sink and connects the radiometer components with the direct connection mode. The stability of the heat sink is improved significantly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院長(zhǎng)春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P414.5

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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