本文選題：生物地球化學(xué) + 鐵錳��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：傍河開采作為重要的地下水開采方式,在促進(jìn)河水向地下水轉(zhuǎn)化的同時(shí),也影響了河水入滲過程中的生物地球化學(xué)作用。由于河水與地下水在溫度、酸堿等特征上存在的差異,導(dǎo)致河水入滲補(bǔ)給區(qū)域存在明顯的物理梯度、化學(xué)梯度及生物梯度,從而發(fā)生著強(qiáng)烈且復(fù)雜的生物地球化學(xué)過程。河水入滲補(bǔ)給地下水過程中所發(fā)生的這種生物地球化學(xué)過程對維持傍河地區(qū)地下水水質(zhì)及生態(tài)安全具有重要作用。目前對傍河地下水開采引起的水動(dòng)力等條件變化如何控制和影響河水入滲地下水過程中生物地球化學(xué)作用的機(jī)制尚不完全清楚。基于此,本文以沈陽市遼河沖洪積扇黃家傍河水源地為研究區(qū),選擇對氧化還原條件和酸堿條件變化極為敏感的鐵和錳為研究對象,應(yīng)用原位監(jiān)測技術(shù)、環(huán)境同位素示蹤技術(shù)、分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)、室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M技術(shù)和地球化學(xué)模擬技術(shù),在調(diào)查和分析研究區(qū)水文地質(zhì)條件基礎(chǔ)上,查明傍河地下水開采條件下河水與地下水的水力交換特征及交換強(qiáng)度;評價(jià)含水介質(zhì)中鐵錳潛在地球化學(xué)活性;分析河水入滲補(bǔ)給地下水過程中氧化還原分帶的時(shí)空演化規(guī)律及微生物的響應(yīng)特征;分析控制河水入滲過程中鐵錳生物地球行為的主要影響因素;識別河水入滲過程中鐵錳的主要地球化學(xué)反應(yīng),并評價(jià)其對地下水中鐵錳遷移轉(zhuǎn)化的貢獻(xiàn)。該項(xiàng)研究對于豐富河水-地下水交互作用帶生物地球化學(xué)研究內(nèi)容,傍河開采工程地下水資源的合理開采與保護(hù)等具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)際意義。通過本次研究,得到以下結(jié)論:(1)在分析河水入滲帶水文地質(zhì)條件的基礎(chǔ)上,利用多重地球化學(xué)示蹤方法,識別出了河水入滲補(bǔ)給過程中的2條地下水流路徑,即淺層水流路徑(影響范圍10m)和深層水流路徑(影響范圍10m～50m)。空間上,與淺層水流路徑相比,深層水流路徑含水層滲透性較好,與河水水力聯(lián)系密切,河水補(bǔ)給強(qiáng)度相對較大;時(shí)間上,與冬季相比,夏季河水水位較高,水力梯度較大,河水入滲速度及入滲通量較高。(2)介質(zhì)中可交換態(tài)錳、可交換態(tài)鐵、鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)鐵的地球化學(xué)活性相對較強(qiáng)。沿水流路徑,有效態(tài)鐵、有效態(tài)錳含量淺層含水介質(zhì)均高于深層。含水介質(zhì)中土著微生物物種豐度與多樣性表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的空間異質(zhì)性。與淺層含水介質(zhì)相比,深層含水介質(zhì)中微生物物種及多樣性與河床沉積物微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)出較高的相似性。(3)河水與地下水水化學(xué)長期動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)顯示,河水入滲補(bǔ)給地下水過程中存在明顯的順序氧化還原分帶規(guī)律,表現(xiàn)為:水平方向上,淺層水流路徑氧化還原積極反應(yīng)帶范圍為自河岸向漏斗中心延伸至17.0m處,各分帶范圍較窄;沿深層水流路徑,反應(yīng)范圍為自河岸向漏斗中心延伸至200.0m處,各分帶范圍較寬。垂向上,受降雨與季節(jié)性淹沒影響,地表以下10.0m范圍為氧化還原積極反應(yīng)帶。整體上,介質(zhì)中微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)對地下水中氧化還原分帶具有一定的協(xié)同演化特征。(4)室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明,河水入滲過程中,鐵錳發(fā)生了礦物自身溶解度控制的溶解過程、陽離子交換、膠體吸附、Mn(Ⅳ)與Fe(Ⅲ)礦物的還原過程以及配位體的絡(luò)合等過程。其中,微生物介導(dǎo)下的順序氧化還原是河水入滲過程中鐵錳重要的生物地球化學(xué)過程。河水入滲過程中,由水動(dòng)力條件、微生物及鐵錳潛在地球化學(xué)活性共同決定了淺層水流路徑鐵錳的生物地球化學(xué)反應(yīng)程度高于深層水流路徑,而鐵的反應(yīng)程度高于錳。(5)自然界中砷多與鐵錳共生。在研究區(qū)Mn(Ⅳ)與Fe(Ⅲ)還原帶,伴隨著鐵錳的還原,介質(zhì)表面吸附的砷及晶格內(nèi)砷釋放至地下水中,地下水中砷含量較高,超過30.0μg/L;在硫酸鹽還原帶,伴隨著硫酸鹽的還原,HS-和Fe2+形成硫化物(如FeS)吸附或共沉淀砷,地下水中砷降低。建議研究區(qū)水源地開采井布設(shè)在硫酸鹽還原帶,以降低砷對地下水二次污染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:As an important mode of groundwater exploitation, near River Mining promotes the transformation of water into groundwater and affects the biogeochemical effect of water infiltration. Because of the difference in temperature and acid base of water and groundwater, there are obvious physical gradient, chemical gradient and birth in the water infiltration recharge area. It has a strong and complex biogeochemical process. The biogeochemical process in the process of water infiltration and recharge of groundwater has an important role in the maintenance of groundwater quality and ecological safety in the riverside area. The mechanism of biogeochemical action in the process of water infiltration in the river water is not completely clear. Based on this, this paper takes the water source area of the Huang Jia River in the Liaohe alluvial fan, Shenyang city as the research area, chooses iron and manganese, which is extremely sensitive to the change of redox conditions and acid and base conditions as the research image, and applies in situ monitoring technology and environmental isotope tracing. Technology, molecular biology technology, laboratory simulation technology and geochemical simulation technology, based on the investigation and analysis of hydrogeological conditions in the study area, to find out the hydraulic exchange characteristics and exchange strength of water and water under the condition of underground water exploitation, evaluate the potential geochemical activity of iron and manganese in water bearing medium, and analyze the infiltration of river water. The temporal and spatial evolution of Redox Zoning and the response characteristics of microbes in the process of recharging the groundwater, the main factors affecting the iron and manganese biogeochemical behavior in the water infiltration process are analyzed, the main geochemical reactions of iron and manganese in the water infiltration process are identified, and the contribution to the transfer and transformation of iron and manganese in the groundwater is evaluated. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to enrich the Biogeochemical Study of the interaction between river water and groundwater, and the rational exploitation and protection of groundwater resources in the riverside mining project. Through this study, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) on the basis of the analysis of the water geological conditions of the river infiltration zone, the multiple geochemistry is used. The tracing method recognizes 2 groundwater flow paths in the process of water infiltration and recharge, namely, shallow water flow path (influence range 10m) and deep flow path (10m to 50m). In space, the depth of water flow path is better than the shallow water flow path, and the water supply is relatively close to the river water, and the water supply intensity is relatively more than that of the river water. In time, compared with winter, the water level of the river is higher in summer, the hydraulic gradient is larger, the water infiltration velocity and infiltration flux are higher. (2) the exchangeable manganese in the medium, exchangeable iron, and iron manganese oxide bound iron are relatively strong. The shallow water medium with effective state manganese content along the flow path, effective state iron and the effective state manganese content are higher than the deep layer. The aboriginal microbial species abundance and diversity in the aqueous media showed strong spatial heterogeneity. Compared with the shallow water bearing medium, the microbial species and diversity in the deep water bearing medium showed higher similarity to the microbial community structure in the river bed sediments. (3) the long-term dynamic monitoring data of water and water water in the river water and the water were shown in the river water. There is a clear sequential Redox Zoning rule in the process of infiltration and recharge of groundwater, which shows that the range of redox positive reaction zone in the shallow layer is from the riverbank to the 17.0m of the funnel center, and the range of each zoning is narrow. Along the deep flow path, the reaction range extends from the riparian to the funnel center to the 200.0m. The zoning range is wide. Vertical upward, affected by rainfall and seasonal inundation, the range of 10.0m below the surface is a positive redox reaction zone. On the whole, the microbial community structure in the medium has certain coevolution characteristics on the Redox Zoning in the groundwater. (4) laboratory results and numerical simulation results show that the water infiltration process, Iron and manganese occurred in the process of dissolution, cation exchange, colloid adsorption, the reduction process of Mn (IV) and Fe (III) minerals and the complexation of the coordination bodies. The dynamic conditions, microorganism and the potential geochemical activity of iron and manganese determine the superficial flow path of iron and manganese higher than the deep flow path, while the reaction degree of iron is higher than that of manganese. (5) in nature, the arsenic is associated with iron and manganese. In the study area Mn (IV) and the reduction zone of Fe (III), with the reduction of iron and manganese, the absorption of the medium surface. The arsenic and internal arsenic in the lattice are released into underground water, and the arsenic content in groundwater is higher than 30 g/L. In the sulfate reduction zone, with the reduction of sulfate, HS- and Fe2+ form sulphides (such as FeS) to adsorb or copreciate arsenic in the groundwater, and the arsenic in groundwater is reduced. The risk of two water pollution.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P641.3
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本文編號：1829026