本文選題：苔原帶 + 牛皮杜鵑　； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：本研究采用16S r RNA高通量測序(Illumina Mi Seq)技術、Real-time PCR和高效液相色譜法(HPLC)分別分析長白山亞高山苔原土壤微生物群落結構,碳氮循環(huán)功能基因相對豐度和真菌生物量。以長白山北坡苔原帶牛皮杜鵑根際土壤作為主要研究對象,分析了不同海拔牛皮杜鵑根際土壤、同一海拔不同植物類型根際土壤以及不同植物群落牛皮杜鵑根際土壤微生物群落結構。結果表明:(1)不同海拔牛皮杜鵑(Rhododendron aureum Georgi)根際土壤理化性質(zhì)差異顯著,海拔2600m土壤總氮(TN)和總有機碳(TOC)含量顯著低于其他海拔;海拔≥2300m根際土壤酸性磷酸酶活性顯著高于低海拔(2300);不同海拔真菌生物量差異顯著,但與海拔梯度沒有顯著相關性;不同海拔牛皮杜鵑根際土壤碳氮循環(huán)功能基因相對豐度具有顯著性差異。聚類分析結果表明,高海拔(≥2400m)牛皮杜鵑根際土壤微生物群落結構組成相似。(2)相同海拔不同植被根際土壤理化性質(zhì)、真菌生物量和碳氮循環(huán)功能基因相對豐度差異顯著,其中在海拔2200m~2600m牛皮杜鵑根際土壤總有機碳含量顯著高于同海拔其他植被處理。同時,對比其他植物,牛皮杜鵑根際土壤具有較高的養(yǎng)分循環(huán)功能微生物及真菌生物量。以上結果表明牛皮杜鵑對苔原帶根際土壤具有一定改良作用。相關性分析結果表明除氨氧化古細菌外,土壤p H值與其他碳氮循環(huán)功能基因相對豐度顯著相關;真菌生物量與土壤總有機碳、總氮、微生物量碳和蔗糖酶活性顯著正相關。物種相對豐度分析和熱圖(Heatmap)結果表明,在高海拔2600m不同植物根際土壤微生物群落結構相似,而其他海拔不同植物根際土壤微生物群落組成差異較大。其中在海拔2300m~2500m牛皮杜鵑根際土壤微生物群落組成沒有和同海拔其他兩種植被處理聚在一起。通過測定牛皮杜鵑與不同植物物種混生根際土壤發(fā)現(xiàn),牛皮杜鵑與草本植物混生(Da+H)其根際土壤總有機碳含量顯著低于牛皮杜鵑獨立群落(Da)和與木本混生植物群落(Da+S),其他土壤養(yǎng)分含量不同處理間差異不顯著。牛皮杜鵑與其他植物混生,根際土壤真菌生物量、固氮和固碳功能基因相對豐度顯著低于牛皮杜鵑獨立群落(Da)根際土壤。OTU richness分析發(fā)現(xiàn),牛皮杜鵑與草本植物混生,根際土壤微生物多樣性顯著低于其獨立群落(Da)。NMDS結果表明,不同植物群落牛皮杜鵑根際土壤微生物群落結構組成差異不顯著。這說明牛皮杜鵑具有自身特有的根際土壤微生物群落結構,受到植物群落變化影響較小。(3)利用結構方程模型(SEM)綜合分析不同影響因素和土壤微生物之間的作用關系。結果表明,土壤有機碳(λ=0.51,P=0.002)和植物蓋度(λ=0.504,P=0.004)是根際土壤真菌生物量的最直接控制因素;土壤p H是最主要的影響根際土壤微生物多樣性(λ=-0.551,P=0.008)和群落組成(λ=0.850,P0.001)的直接作用因素;但從對根際土壤微生物總作用角度上看,海拔因素對根際土壤微生物群落結構總作用最強(λ=0.603),其主要通過影響土壤p H和TOC間接作用根際土壤微生物群落。以長白山西坡小葉章(Deyeuxia angustifolia)上侵為主要研究對象,分析了其上侵對苔原帶土壤微生物的影響。結果表明,(1)小葉章上侵長白山西坡苔原帶木本和草本植物群落,侵入地土壤理化性質(zhì)變化顯著,但是不同植物群落其變化幅度有所差異。小葉章上侵顯著增加了木本植物群落侵入地根際土壤總有機碳和總氮含量,但草本植物群落侵入地其變化不顯著。苔原帶草本植物侵入地根際土壤有效養(yǎng)分增加幅度高于木本植物侵入地。物種差異分析和NMDS結果表明侵入地木本植物根際土壤微生物群落結構與小葉章侵入前差異顯著,并且共有4個細菌門和18個菌屬相對豐富度差異顯著。而草本植物根際土壤微生物群落結構小葉章侵入前后差異不顯著,沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)相對豐富度有顯著性差異的細菌門,共發(fā)現(xiàn)2個菌屬豐富度差異顯著。(2)功能微生物相對豐度差異分析發(fā)現(xiàn),小葉章根際土壤固氮微生物功能基因相對豐度顯著高于苔原帶本土木本植物根際土壤,而在木本植物侵入地,根際土壤固氮微生物豐富度顯著高于小葉章侵入前。苔原帶本土植物與小葉章根際土壤微生物群落結構(多樣性及群落組成)差異顯著,而侵入地與小葉章根際土壤微生物多樣性及群落結構沒有顯著性差異。以上說明小葉章侵入,能夠有效改變根際土壤微生物群落,形成與自身生長相似的微生物環(huán)境。(3)植物群落調(diào)查結果表明,小葉章上侵顯著降低了侵入地植物物種多樣性和地上生物量。小葉章的侵入能夠顯著增加地上凋落物厚度,相關性分析也表明侵入地土壤總有機碳變化率與地上凋落物厚度變化率顯著正相關。說明小葉章通過帶來大量地上掉落物,促進了侵入地根際土壤養(yǎng)分的增加。
[Abstract]:In this study, 16S R RNA high throughput sequencing (Illumina Mi Seq) technology, Real-time PCR and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to analyze the soil microbial community structure, the relative abundance of carbon and nitrogen cycle function and the biomass of fungi in Changbai Mountain subalpine tundra, and the main study was the soil of Rhododendron Rhizosphere in the tundra zone on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain. The microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil of Rhododendron rhizosphere at different altitudes, rhizosphere soil of different plant types at the same altitude and different plant communities of Rhododendron rhizosphere soil were analyzed at different altitudes. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil of Rhododendron aureum Georgi at different altitudes, and the total nitrogen (TN) and total nitrogen (TN) at altitude of 2600m The content of total organic carbon (TOC) was significantly lower than that of other altitudes, and the activity of acid phosphatase in 2300m rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that of low altitude (2300), and there was significant difference in the biomass of fungi at different altitudes, but there was no significant correlation with the elevation gradient; the relative abundance of carbon and nitrogen cycle function genes in the rhizosphere soil of Rhododendron at different altitudes was significantly different. The results of cluster analysis showed that the composition of microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil of Rhododendron was similar at high altitude (> 2400m). (2) the relative abundance of fungi biomass and carbon nitrogen cycle function was significant in the soil physical and chemical properties at the same altitude, and the total organic carbon content in the rhizosphere soil of Rhododendron was significantly higher in 2200m ~2600m. Compared with other plants, the rhizosphere soil of Rhododendron had higher nutrient cycling function and fungi biomass compared with other plants. The results showed that Rhododendron had a certain improvement on the rhizosphere soil of tundra. The results of correlation analysis showed that the P H value of soil and other carbon in the soil with ammonia oxidation and oxidation of paleobacteria. The relative abundance of nitrogen cycle function genes was significantly correlated; fungal biomass was significantly correlated with soil total organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and invertase activity. Species relative abundance analysis and heat map (Heatmap) results showed that the microorganism community structure in rhizosphere soil of different plants at high altitude of 2600m was similar, and other plant rhizosphere soil at different altitudes. The microbial community composition of soil microbes was very different. The microbial community composition of the rhizosphere soil of Rhododendron rhizosphere at 2300m~2500m altitude was not combined with the other two plants at the same altitude. By measuring the rhizosphere soil of Rhododendron and different plant species, the total organic carbon of rhizosphere soil of Rhododendron and herbage was mixed (Da+H) in the rhizosphere soil of the Rhododendron. The content was significantly lower than the independent community of Rhododendron (Da) and the woody mixed plant community (Da+S), and there was no significant difference between the other soil nutrient contents. The relative abundance of the rhizosphere soil fungi and the relative abundance of nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation genes were significantly lower than the.OTU ric in the rhizosphere soil of the Rhododendron (Da). Hness analysis found that Rhododendron was mixed with herbaceous plants, and the microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil was significantly lower than that of its independent community (Da).NMDS. The results showed that the diversity of microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil of Rhododendron was not significant. This indicated that the Rhododendron had its own unique microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil. The influence of plant community changes was small. (3) the structural equation model (SEM) was used to synthetically analyze the relationship between different influence factors and soil microorganism. The results showed that soil organic carbon (lambda =0.51, P=0.002) and plant coverage (lambda =0.504, P=0.004) were the most direct controlling factors of fungi biomass in rhizosphere soil; soil P H was the most important influence root. The direct action factors of soil microbial diversity (lambda =-0.551, P=0.008) and community composition (lambda =0.850, P0.001), but from the point of view of the total microbial interaction in rhizosphere soil, the total effect of altitude on the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil was the strongest ([lambda =0.603) ", and its main purpose was to indirectly influence the soil microorganism group by influencing soil P H and TOC. The influence of invading on the soil microorganism in the tundra zone was analyzed with the main research object of Deyeuxia angustifolia in the western slope of Changbai Mountain. The results showed that (1) the invasion of the soil physical and chemical properties of the intrusive soil was significant, but the variation range of the different plant communities was significant. The invasion of herbaceous plant communities intruded the total organic carbon and total nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil of the woody plant community, but the changes in the invasive sites of herbaceous plants were not significant. The increase of effective nutrients in the rhizosphere soil of the tundra with herbaceous plants was higher than that of the invasive sites of woody plants. Species difference analysis and NMDS results showed invasive sites. The microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil of woody plants was significantly different from that before the intruding of the leaflets, and there were a total of 4 bacterial gates and 18 bacteria phases, but the difference was not significant before and after the invasion of the rhizosphere soil microbes, and there was no significant difference in the relative abundance of bacteria, and 2 of the bacteria found a total of 2. The difference of the abundance of the genus was significant. (2) the analysis of the relative abundance difference of functional microorganisms found that the relative abundance of nitrogen fixing microbial functional genes in the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that of the native woody plant rhizosphere soil of the tundra, but the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganism in the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that before the invasion of the lobule. There are significant differences in microbial community structure (diversity and community composition) in soil plants and lobular rhizosphere soil, but there is no significant difference in microbial diversity and community structure between the intruder and the rhizosphere soil. The above indicates that the intruding of the leaflet can effectively change the microbiological community of the rhizosphere soil and form the microorganism similar to its own growth. (3) the results of plant community survey showed that the invasion of the leaflets significantly reduced the species diversity and aboveground biomass of the invasive plants. The invasion of the leaflets could significantly increase the thickness of the litter, and the correlation analysis also showed that the change rate of total organic carbon in the intrusive soil was positively correlated with the variation rate of the aboveground litter thickness. By increasing the number of fallen soil, the nutrient content of the rhizosphere soil was increased.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948.113

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