本文選題：協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 動(dòng)力學(xué)模型　； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)實(shí)中,由個(gè)體間通過(guò)自發(fā)調(diào)整協(xié)作關(guān)系而形成的協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)(如科研協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)、開源軟件開發(fā)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)等)在求解復(fù)雜社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題方面具有個(gè)體難以比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)。大量實(shí)證研究表明這類協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)求解復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的能力同其成員問(wèn)不斷協(xié)調(diào)的過(guò)程,以及所引發(fā)宏觀網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)與演化過(guò)程密切相關(guān),并且往往具有顯著的社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)與小世界特征。然而,雖然在過(guò)去的二十余年學(xué)界針對(duì)協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)的社區(qū)與小世界結(jié)構(gòu)的形成及演化開展了大量研究,但迄今人們對(duì)于協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)的多社區(qū)小世界結(jié)構(gòu)的形成機(jī)理及演化規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)還有待進(jìn)一步深化。特別是,對(duì)于多社區(qū)小世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)的形成,目前學(xué)界主要?dú)w因于社會(huì)資本視角下的結(jié)構(gòu)鑲嵌與結(jié)構(gòu)洞兩種協(xié)作關(guān)系形成機(jī)制的組合；而另有實(shí)證研究表明協(xié)作關(guān)系的建立與個(gè)體基于屬性狀態(tài)相似性(或差異性)的傾向性交互密切相關(guān)。本文認(rèn)為個(gè)體基于屬性狀態(tài)相似性(或差異性)的傾向性交互對(duì)于協(xié)作關(guān)系的形成,繼而促使協(xié)作網(wǎng)中絡(luò)多社區(qū)小世界狀態(tài)涌現(xiàn)的作用不應(yīng)忽視,尤其是Homophily、Heterophily、以及社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)制共同作用下協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)及演化問(wèn)題還值得進(jìn)一步探討。因此,在對(duì)已有相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,本文采用動(dòng)力學(xué)模型研究與數(shù)據(jù)分析相結(jié)合的方式,對(duì)上述三種機(jī)制下協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)及演化進(jìn)行了考察。首先,本文檢測(cè)了結(jié)構(gòu)鑲嵌與結(jié)構(gòu)洞機(jī)制對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)形成的作用,并得出這兩種機(jī)制下模型生成網(wǎng)絡(luò)難以形成穩(wěn)定的小世界狀態(tài),且不具有顯著的社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)。進(jìn)而,本文構(gòu)建了基于Homophily、Heterophily、以及社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)制的協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)演化動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模恒定的情景下,對(duì)這三種機(jī)制與網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)形成之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了全面的考察。數(shù)值實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,Homophily機(jī)制促使相似個(gè)體匯聚,繼而形成社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)；Heterophily機(jī)制引發(fā)跨社區(qū)連接的建立；社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)促使相似個(gè)體屬性狀態(tài)趨同,導(dǎo)致由相似個(gè)體構(gòu)成的社區(qū)內(nèi)部邊密度增大,對(duì)社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)具有強(qiáng)化作用。因此,在這三種機(jī)制的共同作用下,特別是Homophily與Heterophily機(jī)制的一定組合下,模型生成網(wǎng)絡(luò)呈現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)定的多社區(qū)小世界狀態(tài),這一結(jié)果在填補(bǔ)了現(xiàn)有研究對(duì)于這些機(jī)制缺乏綜合性探討的同時(shí),從個(gè)體基于屬性狀態(tài)相似性(或差異性)的傾向性交互視角闡明了協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)中多社區(qū)小世界結(jié)構(gòu)的形成機(jī)理。其次,在明確了Homophily、Heterophily、以及社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)制對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)形成不同作用的基礎(chǔ)上,本文進(jìn)一步構(gòu)建了基于Homophily與Heterophily組合機(jī)制的協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)演化動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,研究了在網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模不斷增長(zhǎng)的情景下模型生成網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)及演化過(guò)程。研究結(jié)果表明,在模型生成網(wǎng)絡(luò)由分散狀態(tài)逐漸匯聚為“中央—邊緣”結(jié)構(gòu)的演化過(guò)程中,可根據(jù)“中央”(最大連通子圖)的結(jié)構(gòu)變化將模型生成網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)依次區(qū)分為分散網(wǎng)絡(luò)、鏈?zhǔn)浇Y(jié)構(gòu)、以及多社區(qū)小世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)三種狀態(tài)。這一結(jié)果不僅彌補(bǔ)了相關(guān)工作中對(duì)于協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)演化規(guī)律缺少明確理論研究的不足,也對(duì)協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)及演化相關(guān)理論的完善具有推動(dòng)作用。最后,本文將“合作演化”與“復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)”研究領(lǐng)域的合著網(wǎng)絡(luò)、以及Linux內(nèi)核開發(fā)參與者網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為現(xiàn)實(shí)協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)分析實(shí)例,對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)及演化過(guò)程進(jìn)行了考察。分析結(jié)果顯示所選取的三個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)均存在由分散到匯聚為“中央—邊緣”結(jié)構(gòu)的演化過(guò)程,并且各自的最大連通子圖均會(huì)由一個(gè)小規(guī)模的聚簇逐漸形成一種鏈?zhǔn)浇Y(jié)構(gòu),最終演化為兼具多社區(qū)小世界結(jié)構(gòu)與層次結(jié)構(gòu)的網(wǎng)絡(luò),相應(yīng)三個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在演化過(guò)程中依次呈現(xiàn)出分散網(wǎng)絡(luò)、鏈?zhǔn)浇Y(jié)構(gòu)、以及多社區(qū)小世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)三種不同的狀態(tài)。這一結(jié)果不僅說(shuō)明本文所考察的這類協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能具有共性的結(jié)構(gòu)特征與演化模式,同時(shí)也是對(duì)已有數(shù)據(jù)分析工作的很好補(bǔ)充。進(jìn)而,數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果與動(dòng)力學(xué)模型研究具有較好的一致性,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明本文所提出的協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)演化動(dòng)力學(xué)模型可以反映現(xiàn)實(shí)協(xié)作網(wǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)及演化過(guò)程,并且個(gè)體基于屬性狀態(tài)相似性(或差異性)的傾向性交互可能是導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)實(shí)協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)呈現(xiàn)多社區(qū)小世界結(jié)構(gòu)的重要?jiǎng)右?從而為相關(guān)管理實(shí)踐活動(dòng)提供了理論支持。
[Abstract]:In reality, a collaborative network (such as scientific research collaboration network, open source software developer network, etc.) formed by the spontaneous adjustment of cooperative relations between individuals (such as scientific research collaboration network, open source software developer network) has an unparalleled advantage in solving complex social and economic problems. A large number of empirical studies show that the ability of this kind of collaborative network to solve complex problems is consistent with its members. The process, as well as the structure and evolution process of the resulting macro network, is closely related to the evolution of the community, and often has significant community structure and small world characteristics. However, although a lot of research has been carried out on the formation and evolution of the community and the small world structure in the past twenty years, there has been a lot of collaborative networks to date. The understanding of the formation mechanism and evolution of the community small world structure remains to be further deepened. Especially, for the formation of the multi community small world network, the current academic circles are mainly attributable to the combination of two cooperative relationships between structural inlay and structural cavities under the perspective of social capital; and another empirical study shows the construction of the cooperative relationship. The tendency of sexual intercourse based on attribute state similarity (or difference) is closely related to each other. This paper argues that the tendency of individual based on attribute state similarity (or difference) to form mutual cooperation is to promote the role of the small world state of the complex community in the cooperative network, especially Homophily, Heterophily, The structure and evolution of the cooperative network under the joint action of the social learning mechanism is still worth further discussion. Therefore, on the basis of combing the existing related research, the structure and evolution of the cooperative network under the three mechanisms are investigated by the combination of dynamic model and data analysis. In this paper, the effect of structural inlay and structure hole mechanism on the formation of network structure is detected, and it is concluded that the model generation network is difficult to form a stable small world state under these two mechanisms, and does not have a significant community structure. Furthermore, this paper constructs a collaborative network evolution dynamics based on Homophily, Heterophily, and social learning mechanism. The study model, under the constant network scale, investigates the relationship between the three mechanisms and the formation of the network structure. The results of numerical experiments show that the Homophily mechanism promotes the convergence of similar individuals and then forms a community structure; the Heterophily mechanism leads to the establishment of cross community connections; social learning encourages similar individuals. Therefore, under the joint action of the three mechanisms, especially the combination of the Homophily and the Heterophily mechanism, the model generation network presents a stable multi community small world state under the joint action of these three mechanisms, and this result is filling the present situation. There is a lack of comprehensive discussion on these mechanisms. At the same time, the formation mechanism of the multi community small world structure in the cooperative network is clarified from the individual similarity (or difference) based on the attribute state similarity (or difference). Secondly, it is clear that Homophily, Heterophily, and social learning mechanism have different effects on the network structure. On the basis of this, this paper further constructs a cooperative network evolutionary dynamics model based on the combination of Homophily and Heterophily, and studies the structure and evolution process of the model generation network under the growing network scale. The results show that the model generation network is gradually converged to "central edge" in the model generation network. In the process of structure evolution, the structure of the model generation network can be divided into three states, namely, decentralized network, chain structure, and multi community small world network according to the structure change of "central" (the most Dalian Tong Zi map). This result not only makes up for the lack of clear theoretical research on the evolution law of cooperative network in the related work. It also promotes the improvement of the cooperative network structure and evolution related theories. Finally, this paper examines the co authoring network of "cooperative evolution" and "complex network" and the Linux kernel development participant network as a practical collaborative network data analysis example, and investigates its structure and evolution process. The three real networks selected are evolved from decentralization to convergence to the "central edge" structure, and each of the most Dalian maps will gradually form a chain structure by a small cluster of clusters, which eventually evolved into a network with a multi community small world structure and a hierarchical structure, and the corresponding three real networks. In the process of evolution, there are three different states of distributed network, chain structure, and multi community small world network. This result not only shows that this kind of cooperative network may have common structural features and evolution patterns, but also a good supplement to the existing data analysis work. The study of fruit and dynamics model has good consistency. It further illustrates that the proposed cooperative network evolutionary dynamics model can reflect the structure and evolution process of the real collaboration network, and the tendency of the individual based on the similarity of attribute state (or difference) may cause the real collaboration network to present a small community of small communities. The important motivation of structure provides theoretical support for related management practices.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：O157.5
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本文編號(hào)：1791116