本文選題：松遼盆地　切入點：火山地層　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：合理的地層劃分與對比是理解儲層發(fā)育特征與分布規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ),是對儲層進行合理預(yù)測的保障。本文以松遼盆地王府?dāng)嘞莼鹗瘞X組火山巖為研究對象,綜合利用地質(zhì)、測井、地震等多種方法,對火山巖地層、火山巖儲層和火山巖氣藏進行了研究。首先建立火石嶺組火山地層格架,然后在地層格架內(nèi)開展巖性、巖相、儲層發(fā)育機理、儲層預(yù)測的研究,最后探討本區(qū)天然氣的成藏特征和富集規(guī)律。通過此次研究,總結(jié)了一套火山巖地層劃分與對比技術(shù)以及火山巖儲層地質(zhì)-地震綜合預(yù)測的方法流程。經(jīng)過論文的詳細研究,主要得出以下成果和認(rèn)識:1.火山層序劃分與對比將火山地層層序由大到小劃分為火山旋回、冷卻單元組、冷卻單元。提出冷卻單元是火山地層的基本成因地層單元,相當(dāng)于層序地層學(xué)中的沉積體系或砂組,包括熔巖型、碎屑巖型和碎屑巖+熔巖型3種基本類型。冷卻單元組是冷卻單元的疊置,相當(dāng)于層序地層學(xué)中的準(zhǔn)層序。冷卻單元組在地震上可以有效識別,可作為地震火山地層的基本單元�；鹕叫貫槔鋮s單元組的疊置,相當(dāng)于層序地層學(xué)中的三級層序。通過建立層序界面識別標(biāo)志(包括地質(zhì)、測井、地震),單井層序劃分,井震聯(lián)合地層劃分對比,形成了一套類似于砂巖儲層中砂組研究效果的火山地層劃分與對比方法,實現(xiàn)了火山地層的對比與編圖。據(jù)此,在王府?dāng)嘞莼鹗瘞X組識別出2個火山旋回和1個火山-沉積旋回,13個冷卻單元組和若干個冷卻單元。2.巖性巖相特征王府?dāng)嘞莼鹗瘞X組為中性巖和酸性巖,發(fā)育火山熔巖、火山碎屑熔巖、火山碎屑巖和沉火山碎屑巖4類,通過巖心和巖屑識別出包括安山巖、粗安巖、流紋巖、角礫熔巖、火山角礫巖等在內(nèi)的24種基本巖石類型,其中粗安巖所占比例最大,其次為火山角礫巖。研究區(qū)發(fā)育火山口相、火山斜坡相和盆地相,進一步識別出13種亞相和25種微相。通過火山作用與冷卻單元關(guān)系的研究,建立了溢流作用、空落作用、基浪-熱碎屑流作用、侵出作用形成的冷卻單元的基本巖性-巖相模式。利用井震資料結(jié)合,實現(xiàn)了火山口相、火山斜坡相和盆地相的地震有效識別,并以單元組為單元實現(xiàn)了地震-火山巖相的平面編圖。3.火山巖儲層基本特征王府?dāng)嘞莼鹗瘞X組火山巖儲集空間可以概括為原生和次生兩大類,包括原生孔隙、原生裂縫、次生孔隙和次生裂縫,且以次生孔隙和次生裂縫為主。主要發(fā)育氣孔、粒間孔、晶間孔、冷凝收縮縫、爆炸裂縫、溶蝕孔、構(gòu)造裂縫和構(gòu)造-溶蝕縫。儲層主要為中孔-較高孔、特低滲-低滲型儲層,孔隙度主要介于5~10%之間,滲透率以小于0.1×10-3μm2為主。粗安巖段儲層物性相對最好,流紋巖段其次,火山碎屑巖段的最差。各類巖石中火山碎屑熔巖的物性最好,其次為火山熔巖,沉火山碎屑巖的物性最差。4.火山巖儲層發(fā)育機理按地層演化火山巖儲層發(fā)育機理包含3個階段。(1)冷卻單元階段,受火山作用和噴發(fā)環(huán)境等原生作用控制,主要形成氣孔、冷凝收縮縫和炸裂縫,集中發(fā)育于冷卻界面附近,是火山巖儲層發(fā)育的基礎(chǔ)。(2)單元組和火山旋回階段,受坍塌作用、斷裂作用和風(fēng)化作用控制,發(fā)育準(zhǔn)同生和次生孔縫,主要發(fā)育于火山口附近,且集中在風(fēng)化殼,是火山巖儲層的有效發(fā)展。(3)埋藏階段,受成巖作用和斷裂作用控制,大量次生溶蝕孔和構(gòu)造裂縫集中在斷裂帶附近發(fā)育,對火山巖儲層起決定作用。5.火山巖儲層地質(zhì)-地震綜合預(yù)測綜合地質(zhì)、測井及地震資料,從巖相、儲層發(fā)育機理、裂縫、地震屬性分析、儲層反演、儲層孔滲飽分布等多方面對火山巖儲層進行了定性-半定量的地質(zhì)-地震綜合預(yù)測。將預(yù)測的儲層區(qū)劃分為四類:Ⅰ類儲層區(qū)為較高孔-高孔、中滲-高滲或高含氣區(qū);Ⅱ類儲層區(qū)為中孔、低滲或中等含氣區(qū);Ⅲ類儲層為潛在儲層區(qū);Ⅳ類為可能非儲層。在冷卻單元組13中圈定7個Ⅰ類儲層區(qū)、5個Ⅱ類儲層區(qū)和3個Ⅲ類儲層區(qū)。6.火山巖氣藏的成藏特征和富集規(guī)律對于王府?dāng)嘞莼鹗瘞X組火山巖氣藏,冷卻單元是基本的成儲單元,且熔巖型和碎屑巖+熔巖型冷卻單元有利于形成儲層;冷卻單元組是基本的成藏單元,且以火山機構(gòu)為成藏中心;火山旋回是天然氣成藏系統(tǒng),整個火石嶺組發(fā)育下部和上部兩套含氣層系,下部含氣層系分布在火山旋回1的頂部,上部含氣層系主要分布在火山旋回3。流紋巖最有利于天然氣成藏,而粗安巖是天然氣成藏的主體。天然氣主要富集在火山口相,其次是火山斜坡相。王府?dāng)嘞莼鹗瘞X組火山巖氣藏具有“斷控-層控-體控”復(fù)合的天然氣聚集規(guī)律。山東屯構(gòu)造帶是天然氣主要富集區(qū),而且火山隆起帶上主要發(fā)育下部含氣層系,其邊緣至凹地區(qū)則發(fā)育上部和下部2套含氣層系�；鹕綆r氣藏在南北方向表現(xiàn)出分區(qū)性,包括三個主要成藏區(qū),即北部成藏區(qū)、中部成藏區(qū)和南部成藏區(qū)。整體發(fā)育反轉(zhuǎn)背斜-地層成藏,斷塊成藏,巖性-斷塊成藏和斷塊-反轉(zhuǎn)背斜-地層復(fù)合成藏4種成藏模式,且以斷塊成藏和巖性-斷塊成藏為主。
[Abstract]:Stratigraphic division and correlation of the reasonable basis for the understanding of reservoir characteristics and distribution, is a reasonable prediction of the reservoir protection. In this paper, Wangfu faulted fire Shiling volcano rock group as the research object, the comprehensive utilization of geology, logging, seismic and other methods, the volcano rock strata, volcano rock reservoir and the volcano rock gas reservoir was studied. Firstly, the fire Shiling group volcano stratigraphic framework, and then carry out lithologic stratigraphic facies, in the frame, the reservoir development mechanism of reservoir prediction, reservoir characteristics and enrichment regularity of the natural gas in this area. Through the study, summed up the process a volcano rock stratigraphic division and correlation technology as well as the volcano rock reservoir geology seismic comprehensive prediction. After a detailed study of the thesis. Main conclusions are as follows: 1. volcano sequence division and comparison of the volcano stratigraphic sequence from big to A small volcano is divided into cycles, cooling unit, cooling unit, cooling unit is proposed. The basic genetic stratigraphic unit of volcano strata, sedimentary system and sand group is equivalent to the sequence stratigraphy, including lava type, 3 basic types of clastic rocks and clastic rocks and lava. Cooling single tuple is stacked in the cooling unit that is equivalent to the sequence stratigraphy in the parasequence. Cooling unit group can be effectively identified in the earthquake, can be used as a basic unit of earthquake volcano strata. Volcano cycle cooling unit group superimposed equivalent sequence stratigraphy in the three grade sequence. Through the establishment of sequence boundary identification (including geological, logging, seismic). The single well sequence division, well seismic joint stratigraphic division, formed a similar to the effect of sand formation sandstone reservoir in the volcano stratigraphic division and correlation method, contrast and mapping is realized. Based on the volcano formation, in the king Fu faulted fire Shiling group identified 2 volcano volcano sedimentary cycles and 1 cycles, 13 cooling unit group and a plurality of cooling unit.2. characteristics of lithology and lithofacies Wangfu faulted fire Shiling group for the neutral rock and acid rock, developed volcano lava, volcano clastic lava and volcano clastic rocks and sedimentary volcano clastic rocks 4 class, through the core and cuttings are identified including andesite, trachyandesite and rhyolite breccia lava, 24 basic types of rock breccia volcano, which trachyandesites accounted for the largest proportion, followed by the volcano breccia. The study area developed volcano, volcano slope and basin facies, further identified 13 kinds of subfacies and 25 microfacies. By studying the relationship between volcano role and cooling unit, set up the overflow effect, empty, medium wave pyroclastic flow, flushout basic cooling unit formed the lithology lithofacies model. By using seismic data. Together, the volcano, volcano seismic identification of slope and basin facies, and the unit group as a unit realizes the mapping of.3. volcano rock reservoir characteristics of seismic facies volcano Wangfu faulted fire Shiling group volcano rock reservoir space can be divided into primary and secondary two categories, including native the primary pore, secondary pore and secondary cracks, cracks, and the secondary pore and the secondary development. The main pores, intergranular pore, intergranular pore, condensation contraction joints, explosion cracks, pores, structural fractures and tectonic dissolution fractures. The reservoir is mainly in the high - hole hole, low permeability reservoir ultra low permeability layer, between the porosity is mainly between 5~10%, permeability less than 0.1 * 10-3 Mu m2. Trachyandesites reservoir is relatively the best, second section of rhyolite volcano clastic rock, the worst of all kinds of rocks. The volcano clastic lava, followed by molten volcano Rock properties, heavy volcano clastic rocks the.4. volcano rock reservoir development mechanism according to the stratigraphic evolution volcano rock reservoir development mechanism consists of 3 phases. (1) the cooling unit, controlled by the primary role and volcano eruption environment, mainly the formation of pores, shrinkage cracks and crack condensation joints, develop in the cooling near the interface, is the basis of volcano rock reservoir development. (2) the unit group and the volcano cycle stage, the collapse, faulting and weathering, the development of penecontemporaneous and secondary pores and fractures, mainly developed in the volcano near the mouth, and concentrated in the weathering crust, is the effective development of volcano rock reservoir. (3) burial stage, controlled by diagenesis and fracture, a large number of secondary porosity and fractures in fault zone near the development of volcano rock reservoir plays a decisive role in the.5. volcano rock reservoir geology seismic comprehensive prediction comprehensive geological, logging and seismic data, 浠庡博鐩，

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