本文選題：中國(guó)鴨嘴龍超科化石　切入點(diǎn)：白堊紀(jì)　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)的陸相白堊系十分發(fā)育;其出露情況也相對(duì)較好。許多白堊紀(jì)恐龍化石在中國(guó)被發(fā)現(xiàn),特別是鴨嘴龍超科的化石材料�；谝寻l(fā)表的文獻(xiàn)資料和在近十年的野外發(fā)掘工作中獲得的新標(biāo)本,筆者在本文中對(duì)中國(guó)鴨嘴龍類的形態(tài)學(xué)、系統(tǒng)發(fā)育學(xué)、個(gè)體發(fā)育學(xué)、生物地理學(xué)和生物地層學(xué)信息進(jìn)行全面深入的評(píng)估。根據(jù)從河南省西峽盆地周家溝村中三冬期馬家村組中段獲取的新材料,新的基干鴨嘴龍類恐龍Zhanghenglong yangchengensis被命名和描述。筆者利用模型聚類分析對(duì)源自于鴨嘴龍超科系統(tǒng)發(fā)育特征的測(cè)量屬性數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分割。在一些測(cè)量屬性中,數(shù)據(jù)集的分割模式幾乎與基干鴨嘴龍類和鴨嘴龍科之間的分類學(xué)分隔相吻合。這些測(cè)量屬性被用于定量地分析Zhanghenglong的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù),以評(píng)估該類群的分類學(xué)地位。內(nèi)蒙古二連地區(qū)的上白堊統(tǒng)二連達(dá)巴蘇組是一套由淺灰色細(xì)砂巖、粗砂巖和砂礫巖夾帶雜色泥巖和粉砂巖組成的陸相碎屑沉積物。它產(chǎn)數(shù)量豐富且種類繁多的恐龍化石以及一些微體化石。筆者系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)和闡述了二連達(dá)巴蘇組的地層序列、沉積體系以及古生物化石的形態(tài)特征與組合面貌。以松遼盆地上白堊統(tǒng)的微體古生物化石和其地層學(xué)時(shí)代為標(biāo)尺,二連達(dá)巴蘇組的地質(zhì)時(shí)代也被修訂。一具不完整且部分關(guān)節(jié)的Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis幼年骨骼在內(nèi)蒙古阿巴嘎旗哈沙圖高勒流域的二連達(dá)巴蘇組地層中被發(fā)現(xiàn)。該屬種的解剖學(xué)信息和鑒定特征因而得以補(bǔ)充和修訂。骨學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)G.mongoliensis的髂骨(腸骨)保留了從基干鴨嘴龍類向鴨嘴龍科進(jìn)化的過(guò)渡形態(tài)。為了證實(shí)這一推論,筆者對(duì)全球鴨嘴龍類屬種髂骨的外側(cè)輪廓坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行二維幾何形態(tài)測(cè)量分析(相對(duì)彎曲分析)。在以第一和第二主成分為橫縱軸的二變量圖中,代表G.mongoliensis髂骨標(biāo)本的三個(gè)坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)均落入了非鴨嘴龍科鴨嘴龍形類的95%置信橢圓和鴨嘴龍科的95%置信橢圓之間的重疊區(qū)域。由于Godefroit et al.(2008)對(duì)漁亮子組烏拉嘎骨層的鴨嘴龍科化石的初步鑒定存在著問(wèn)題,產(chǎn)自于該骨層的鴨嘴龍亞科材料在本文中被重新評(píng)估。筆者修訂了已建立的鴨嘴龍亞科Wulagasaurus dongi的鑒定特征和系統(tǒng)學(xué)位置。此外,混入該類群的賴氏龍亞科標(biāo)本被剔除。通過(guò)詳盡的形態(tài)學(xué)和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)對(duì)比,一系列Edmontosaurus和Shantungosaurus之間的近裔共性被識(shí)別。這些特征證實(shí)了前述兩個(gè)屬之間的緊密親緣關(guān)系�；诒疚慕⒌南到y(tǒng)發(fā)育布局,Edmontosaurini及其屬種的系統(tǒng)古生物學(xué)信息被修訂。為了確定鴨嘴龍超科各屬種之間的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系,本人對(duì)由59個(gè)特征和346個(gè)種級(jí)別的分類單元組成的數(shù)據(jù)矩陣執(zhí)行最大簡(jiǎn)約性分析。Iter PCR程序識(shí)別了初始分析的不穩(wěn)定類群。替換的支序分析將不穩(wěn)定類群排除出數(shù)據(jù)矩陣,并產(chǎn)生了具有較高解析度的嚴(yán)格合意樹(shù)。該嚴(yán)格合意樹(shù)與通過(guò)初始分析得到的簡(jiǎn)化嚴(yán)格合意樹(shù)完全一致�；谟商鎿Q分析產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)格合意樹(shù)布局和鴨嘴龍類屬種的生物地理學(xué)信息,筆者采用概率算法對(duì)鴨嘴龍類各支系的起源地和遷徙模式進(jìn)行推測(cè)。筆者針對(duì)Shantungosaurus giganteus的不完整肱骨生長(zhǎng)系列開(kāi)展了個(gè)體發(fā)育學(xué)研究。定性的骨學(xué)對(duì)比和定量的簡(jiǎn)化主軸回歸分析均發(fā)現(xiàn)了肱骨的三角胸嵴在個(gè)體發(fā)育過(guò)程中的顯著形態(tài)學(xué)變化。本人基于組織學(xué)特征從S.giganteus的14個(gè)肱骨標(biāo)本中識(shí)別出6個(gè)個(gè)體發(fā)育階段。處于成年早期階段的肱骨標(biāo)本ZCDM HP0128的肱骨頸橫截面保留了至少12個(gè)年度生長(zhǎng)輪。筆者應(yīng)用生長(zhǎng)輪間隔法反向推算出該橫截面丟失的早期年度生長(zhǎng)輪的數(shù)量,并借助于生長(zhǎng)曲線擬合法選取了S.giganteus最佳的生長(zhǎng)模式和骨齡框架。具有最小赤池信息準(zhǔn)則值的最佳生長(zhǎng)曲線被用于估算該類群的初始性成熟年齡和最大生長(zhǎng)速率。
[Abstract]:The Chinese continental Cretaceous are well developed; the exposed situation is relatively good. Many Cretaceous dinosaur fossils have been found in Chinese, especially hadrosauroidea fossil materials. Published in the literature and in the nearly ten years of field excavations in new samples based on the author of China hadrosaurs class the morphology, phylogeny, ontogeny, biogeography and biostratigraphic information to conduct a comprehensive in-depth assessment. According to the new material obtained from the Henan basin of Xixia Province Zhou Jia Gou Village three winter majiacun middle section of the new stem base such a dinosaur Zhanghenglong yangchengensis was named and described. The author uses the model of cluster analysis set the statistical segmentation from attribute data to hadrosauroidea phylogenetic characteristics. In some measure, data partition mode almost a duck The classification of credit between mouth dragon and hadrosauridae every match. These measurement attributes are used for quantitative analysis of the Zhanghenglong measurement data, to assess the taxonomic status of the two groups. The Inner Mongolia area even the upper Cretaceous Dabasu group is a set of two even by light gray fine sandstone, coarse sandstone and gravel sediments of continental clastic rocks with variegated mudstone and siltstone. It consists of abundant and diverse dinosaur fossils and some microfossils. The author systematically summarizes and describes the stratigraphic sequence of Dabasu group two, sedimentary system and fossils. The morphological characteristics and the assemblage in the upper Cretaceous in Songliao Basin microfossils and the time scale Dabasu stratigraphy, geological age group of two was also revised. Even an incomplete and partial joint Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis young bones in Inner Mongolia The two Dabasu even hashatu gol basin formation was found. Anatomical information and identification characteristics of the species can thus be supplemented and amended. Osteologic study found that G.mongoliensis bone (iliac) retained from the backbone to the hadrosauridae hadrosaurs evolutionary transition form. In order to confirm this inference, the lateral coordinate data of the author the global species hadrosaurs ilium analyzed two dimensional geometric morphometrics (relative bending analysis). In the first and second principal component variables for two axis in three coordinate points on behalf of G.mongoliensis specimens were in non bone of hadrosaurs class 95% hadrosaur shape and 95% confidence ellipse hadrosauridae confidence the overlap region between the elliptic. Because Godefroit (2008 et al.) preliminary identification of yuliangzi formation of Wulaga bone layer hadrosauridae fossil problems produced Hadrosaurinae material on the bone layer was re evaluated in this paper. The author has revised the identification characteristics and established system of hadrosaurinae Wulagasaurus dongi the position. In addition, the mixed groups of specimens were removed. Lambeosaurus subfamily through morphology and detailed statistics on the ratio between Edmontosaurus and Shantungosaurus, a series of recent origin common recognition. These features confirmed between the two genera are closely related. The layout of system development based on the established Edmontosaurini system and its species paleontology information is revised. In order to determine the relationship between the hadrosauroidea species development, I of the data matrix composed of classification unit 59 characteristics and the 346 levels of the implementation of unstable groups of maximum parsimony analysis of the.Iter PCR program to identify the initial analysis. Cladistic analysis will replace instability Fixed groups excluded from the data matrix, and has high resolution of the strict consensus tree. The strict consensus tree and the initial analysis of the simplified strict consensus tree completely consistent. Produced by substitution analysis of strict consensus tree layout and hadrosaurs organisms of the genus geographical information based on the study, the author uses the probabilistic algorithm of the hadrosaurs from the origin and migration patterns were estimated. According to the Shantungosaurus giganteus incomplete growth studies carried out series of ontogeny. Simplified qualitative and quantitative comparison of spindle Osteologic regression analysis were found significant changes in morphology during ontogeny of the deltopectoral crest. On the basis of the histological features identified 6 individual developmental stages from 14 specimens of humerus S.giganteus. In the early stage of adult humeral neck transverse humeral specimens of ZCDM HP0128 鎴潰淇濈暀浜?jiǎn)鑷碁?

本文編號(hào)：1645061