本文選題：巖石類型　切入點：碳酸鹽巖　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：致密油氣作為非常規(guī)油氣的重要組成部分,具有廣闊的勘探前景。束鹿凹陷位于渤海灣盆地冀中坳陷的西南部,在古近系沙河街組三段下部沉積時期發(fā)育了大套以碳酸鹽巖碎屑為主的、具低孔低滲特征的角礫巖,近年來成為華北油田致密油氣勘探的重要目標(biāo)。本文綜合地震、測井、巖心、薄片及分析測試等資料,對束鹿凹陷礫巖的沉積特征和儲層特征進(jìn)行了研究,建立了沉積模式,探討了有利儲層發(fā)育的控制因素,并提出了致密礫巖儲層的評價方法。將內(nèi)源礫石納入巖性分類方案,依據(jù)支撐類型和顆粒來源將礫巖分為顆粒支撐陸源礫巖、顆粒支撐混源礫巖、雜基支撐陸源礫巖、雜基支撐混源礫巖和顆粒支撐內(nèi)源礫巖五種。陸源礫石的母巖是來自古生代的碳酸鹽巖,內(nèi)源礫石與陸源礫石類似,具有明顯的礫石邊界,但易變形,具有軟沉積物變形的特征,形狀不規(guī)則,被拉長或者壓扁呈長條狀或次圓狀,可能形成于古近系碎屑流侵蝕下伏軟沉積物并攜帶向前搬運的過程中。根據(jù)礫巖的沉積構(gòu)造及展布特征等,從成因上將礫巖分為兩大類,一類是沖積扇與湖泊作用形成的扇三角洲礫巖,一類是地震作用形成的滑塌扇礫巖。扇三角洲平原和前緣的辮狀河道,巖性既有雜基支撐陸源礫巖又有顆粒支撐陸源礫巖,見礫石的近疊瓦狀排列或者低角度定向排列,正粒序和反粒序都比較發(fā)育。地震誘發(fā)的滑塌扇內(nèi)扇主水道發(fā)育巨厚的顆粒支撐陸源礫巖,中扇辮狀水道形成的礫巖巖石類型比較復(fù)雜,這些礫巖與盆內(nèi)廣泛分布的典型震積巖伴生。震積巖主要標(biāo)志有軟沉積物液化變形(液化脈、液化水壓構(gòu)造、底辟構(gòu)造、液化卷曲變形、負(fù)載和球枕構(gòu)造、環(huán)形層和沉陷構(gòu)造)和脆性變形(微同沉積斷裂)。該區(qū)碳酸鹽角礫巖儲層具有低孔低滲-致密的特征,孔隙度主要集中在0.4%~6%之間,滲透率為(0.04~40)×10-3μm2,局部裂縫發(fā)育的地方滲透性好,總體屬于裂縫-孔隙型。儲集空間包括粒內(nèi)孔(石英等顆粒的溶解孔,晶粒白云巖的晶間孔和晶間溶孔)、粒間孔、裂縫(構(gòu)造縫、貼粒縫、收縮縫、礫內(nèi)縫)以及有機(jī)質(zhì)孔隙。儲層的物性主要受礫石成分、巖相、成因類型、成巖作用、構(gòu)造作用以及有機(jī)質(zhì)控制。針對致密礫巖的沉積和儲層特征,建立了“礫石成分-巖相-礫巖成因-裂縫-成巖作用-有機(jī)質(zhì)”六位一體的評價方法,指出了致密礫巖有利儲層的分布區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:As an important part of unconventional oil and gas, dense oil and gas have a broad prospect of exploration. Shoulu sag is located in the southwest of Jizhong depression in Bohai Bay basin. During the lower depositional period of the third member of Shahejie formation, Paleogene, a large set of breccia with the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability was developed, which is mainly carbonate rock clastic. In recent years, it has become an important target of tight oil and gas exploration in North China Oilfield. In this paper, the sedimentary characteristics and reservoir characteristics of conglomerate in Shulu sag are studied, the sedimentary model is established, and the controlling factors of favorable reservoir development are discussed. The evaluation method of dense conglomerate reservoir is put forward. According to the support type and grain source, the conglomerate is divided into three groups: granular support continental conglomerate, granular support mixed conglomerate, complex base supporting continental conglomerate, and complex base supporting continental conglomerate. There are five kinds of mixed conglomerate and endogenetic conglomerate supported by complex base. The parent rock of continental source gravel is carbonate rock from Paleozoic. The endogenous gravel is similar to continental gravel and has obvious gravel boundary, but it is easy to deform. Characterized by deformation of soft sediments, irregular in shape, elongated or compressed in long or subcircular form, It may be formed in the process of soft sediment and carrying forward transport under the erosion of Paleogene clastic flow. According to the sedimentary structure and distribution characteristics of conglomerate, the conglomerate can be divided into two categories from genesis. One is fan delta conglomerate formed by alluvial fan and lacustrine interaction, the other is sliding fan conglomerate formed by earthquake. It can be seen that the near imbricate arrangement or the low angle directional arrangement of the gravel, both the positive grain sequence and the reverse grain sequence are relatively developed. The main channel of the inner fan of the slide fan induced by the earthquake develops extremely thick grains to support the continental conglomerates. The types of conglomerate rock formed in the middle fan braided channel are quite complex, and these conglomerates are associated with typical seismite widely distributed in the basin. The main indicators of seismite are the liquefaction deformation of soft sediments (liquefaction vein, liquefied water pressure structure, diapir structure). Liquefaction curl deformation, load and ball pillow structure, annular layer and subsidence structure) and brittle deformation (micro-synsedimentary fault). The carbonate breccia reservoir in this area is characterized by low porosity and low permeability, with porosity mainly between 0.4% and 6%. The permeability is 0.04 ~ 40 脳 10 ~ (-3) 渭 m ~ (2). The local fracture has good permeability and belongs to the fracture-pore type. The reservoir space includes the intragranular pore (dissolution pore of quartz and other particles), intergranular pore and intergranular dissolved pore of grain dolomite, intergranular pore, fracture (structural fracture, etc.). The physical properties of the reservoir are mainly controlled by gravel composition, lithofacies, genetic type, diagenesis, tectonism and organic matter. The evaluation method of "gravel composition-lithofacies-conglomerate genesis-fracture-diagenesis-organic matter" is established, and the distribution area of compact conglomerate favorable reservoir is pointed out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13

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