本文選題：地下水庫　切入點：河道滲漏量　出處：《吉林大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,各行各業(yè)的用水需求急劇增加,水資源的供需矛盾日益凸顯。相對于地表水庫,建設(shè)地下水庫具備無可比擬的優(yōu)勢,逐漸成為調(diào)蓄水資源多年平衡的一種良好選擇方案。洮兒河扇形地位于吉林省西北部的白城市,由于開發(fā)洮兒河灌區(qū),地下水開采量激增,造成地下水位大幅下降。合理利用雨洪水,建設(shè)洮兒河扇形地地下水庫,對區(qū)域水環(huán)境保護有著重要意義,也符合白城市建設(shè)國家級“海綿城市”的需求。本文將首先從地下水庫概念、地下水庫工程建設(shè)、地下水庫人工補給技術(shù)和地下水庫調(diào)蓄方案四個方面回顧地下水庫相關(guān)知識背景,追蹤了解國內(nèi)外的最新研究進展。然后講述地下水庫的基本理論與調(diào)蓄原理,由此展開,分別詳盡分析在洮兒河扇形地地區(qū)修建地下水庫的空間條件、水源條件和生態(tài)條件,充分論證研究區(qū)建庫的可行性。最后,本文選擇適合研究區(qū)的人工補給技術(shù),并設(shè)計相應(yīng)的人工調(diào)蓄方案。為研究區(qū)地下水庫的實際修建提供了理論依據(jù),為其管理運行提供了科學指導(dǎo),具有積極的參考價值。本文主要研究成果如下:(1)繼承多位專家學者的思想精要,提出了地下水庫的基本定義,即“具備大型的天然儲水空間,以積極的人工干預(yù)為主要調(diào)蓄措施,得以實現(xiàn)區(qū)域水資源多年平衡的地下水利工程”。(2)在充分調(diào)查研究區(qū)地質(zhì)和水文地質(zhì)特征的基礎(chǔ)上,圈定了研究區(qū)擬建地下水庫的庫區(qū)范圍。通過改進的分區(qū)分層計算法,采取空間剖分和空間疊加等手段,計算得到特征庫容。充分考慮計算過程中給水度的不確定性,以蒙特卡洛方法為依托,借助Crystal Ball軟件,評價庫區(qū)的不確定性庫容。結(jié)果表明洮兒河扇形地地下水庫屬于大(1)型地下水庫。研究區(qū)擁有巨大的儲水空間和調(diào)蓄空間,且滿足巖層滲透性強、內(nèi)部連通性優(yōu)、外部封閉性好等要求,具備建立地下水庫的空間條件。(3)地下水均衡分析的結(jié)果表明:研究區(qū)多年平均總補給量達到了6.07×108m3/a,其中最主要的兩大補給來源分別是降水和河道滲漏。運用小波分析、MK檢驗和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法分析降水量特征,表明歷史降水量豐枯交替較快,沒有出現(xiàn)明顯下降趨勢或驟然大幅下降的突變情形,序列總體非常平穩(wěn);運用回歸分析研究河道滲漏量,建立洮南站出水量和河道滲漏率的分段函數(shù)關(guān)系。方程表明不論豐枯水年,研究區(qū)都有可觀的河道滲漏量。綜上所述,研究區(qū)降水量和河道滲漏量數(shù)量充足,且補給穩(wěn)定,完全可以滿足地下水庫補給水量的要求。(4)由于傳統(tǒng)的水質(zhì)評價方法是把數(shù)據(jù)篩選和數(shù)據(jù)評價按先后步驟割裂進行,評價結(jié)果有很大的不確定性。本文以遺傳算法、粒子群算法和支持向量機理論為基礎(chǔ),建立了全新的GA-(PSO-SVM)水質(zhì)分類模型。該模型將分類結(jié)果反饋,以此自動更新選擇分類因子,并優(yōu)化分類結(jié)果,循環(huán)進化。最終從18個實測因子中自動選定氨氮、糞大腸菌群等10個分類因子。對應(yīng)的分類結(jié)果顯示:實測水質(zhì)樣本中有87%達到III類及以上水質(zhì),不存在V類水質(zhì),質(zhì)量達標,符合建立地下水庫的水源條件。(5)從經(jīng)濟、高效的角度出發(fā),本文選取了四種地下水庫人工補給方式,分別為滲水坑、攔河閘、反濾回灌井和滲水渠道。建立了它們各自的補給模型,在此基礎(chǔ)上,與不同開采強度、豐枯背景等組合,設(shè)計出六套洮兒河扇形地地下水庫調(diào)蓄方案。通過對各個方案的模擬與對比分析,表明人工補給是地下水庫的有效輔助機制。其中,本文設(shè)計的人工補給結(jié)合節(jié)水技術(shù)的第六套調(diào)蓄方案,達成了地表水和地下水的聯(lián)合調(diào)度,較好地實現(xiàn)了以豐補欠,多年均衡調(diào)節(jié)的目的。符合研究區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求,適宜于推廣實施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, the rapid increase in demand for water from all walks of life, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is increasingly prominent. Compared with the surface reservoir, underground reservoir construction has gradually become There is nothing comparable to this advantage, a good choice of storage scheme of water resources for many years. The balance of the Taoer River is located in the northwest of Jilin province Baicheng City, due to the development of Taoerhe River irrigation area, groundwater exploitation in groundwater caused by sharp decline. The rational use of rain flood, underground reservoir construction in Taoer River, has an important significance for regional water environmental protection, also in line with the Baicheng city building national "sponge city needs. This will be the first from the ground the concept of reservoir, underground reservoir construction, underground reservoir technology and artificial recharge of underground reservior in four aspects: underground reservoir related background knowledge, understand the track The latest research progress at home and abroad. And the regulation principle, basic theory and then talk about the underground reservoir began, respectively, a detailed analysis of space conditions for construction of underground reservoir in Taoer River area, water conditions and ecological conditions, fully demonstrated the feasibility of building a database. The most after the artificial recharge technology suitable for the study area design, and artificial regulation schemes. Provide a theoretical basis for the actual construction of underground reservoir in the study area, to provide scientific guidance for the management and operation, has a positive reference value. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) the inheritance of a number of experts and scholars thought essence, puts forward the basic definition of the underground reservoir, i.e. "with the natural water storage space is large, with a positive artificial intervention is the main regulation measures of underground water conservancy project" to realize the balance of regional water resources for many years. (2) in the full investigation and Research Based on geological and hydrogeological features on the delineation of groundwater reservoir. The reservoir area through the improved hierarchical partition method, take the space partition and space superposition method, the calculated capacity. Considering the characteristics of water supply of the uncertainty in the calculation process by Monte Carlo method based on the Crystal Ball software, the reservoir storage capacity evaluation uncertainty. The results show that the underground reservoir in Taoer River belongs to the large (1) type of underground reservoir. Study area has a water storage space and huge storage space, and satisfy the rock permeability, internal and external connectivity, good sealing requirements, with conditions for the establishment of space underground reservoir. (3) the groundwater balance analysis results show that: the study area average total recharge reached 6.07 * 108m3/a, of which two are the most important source of precipitation and river leakage. Using wavelet analysis, analysis on characteristic of precipitation test and MK neural network method, show that the historical precipitation Fengku turn faster, no mutation significantly decreased or plunged, the whole sequence is very stable; using regression analysis of river leakage, establish the subsectional relationship between water quantity and the river leakage rate of TaoNan Railway Station. The equation shows that regardless of Feng dry years, study area has a considerable amount of river leakage. To sum up, the number of precipitation and river leakage research area and supply adequate, stable, and can fully meet the requirements of the underground reservoir water supply. (4) due to the water quality evaluation of the traditional method is to evaluate the data filtering and data according to the steps from the evaluation results, there is great uncertainty. In this paper, genetic algorithm, particle swarm algorithm and support vector machine theory, established a new GA- (PSO-SVM) water quality Model. The model classification results feedback, to automatically update the classification factor, and optimize the classification results from the 18 cycle evolution. Finally measured factor automatically selected ammonia nitrogen, fecal coliform and other 10 classification factors. Corresponding to the classification result shows that the measured water samples have reached 87% and above water quality class III there is no V, water quality, quality standards, in line with the establishment of underground reservoir water conditions. (5) from the economic perspective of efficiency, this paper selects four kinds of artificial recharge of groundwater reservoir, respectively soakaways, sluice, recharge well with filter and seepage channels. Set up their supplies on the basis of this model, and different exploitation intensity, Fengku background combination, designed six sets of underground reservoir in Taoer River regulation. Through simulation and comparative analysis of different schemes, that artificial recharge is an effective auxiliary underground reservoir The design of the mechanism. The combination of artificial recharge water saving technology of the sixth sets of storage scheme, a combined operation of surface water and groundwater, realizes to make the purpose of regulating the balance owed, for many years. In accordance with sustainable development in the study area, suitable for promotion.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P641.8

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