本文關(guān)鍵詞： 漩渦 閘門局開 臨界淹沒水深 粒子圖像測速技術(shù) 水力特性　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：前人關(guān)于水利工程中漩渦問題的研究主要集中在淹沒水深較大且結(jié)構(gòu)不變的電站和泄洪洞等進(jìn)水口,對于閘門局部開啟時閘前漩渦問題研究較少,而閘前漩渦同樣會帶來很大危害,例如誘發(fā)閘門等結(jié)構(gòu)物震動,減小泄流量,引起泄流面空化空蝕等破壞。為了避免或控制閘前漩渦帶來的危害,本文采用模型試驗和理論分析相結(jié)合的方法,對漩渦流場和閘前漩渦的水力特性進(jìn)行了較系統(tǒng)的研究。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下：(1)本文利用圓桶試驗研究了立軸漩渦流場的水力特性,采用粒子圖像測速技術(shù)(PIV)對立軸漩渦流場進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的測量,得到了漩渦切向流速、徑向流速、渦核半徑、環(huán)量和水面線等分布數(shù)據(jù),揭示了漩渦流場各水力參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律；并通過理論分析和試驗數(shù)據(jù)擬合相結(jié)合的方法建立了描述漩渦流場的數(shù)學(xué)模型,經(jīng)與前人建立的模型及試驗數(shù)據(jù)對比表明,本文所建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型精度更高,且形式簡單,易于應(yīng)用。(2)本文以某水閘工程為研究對象,通過不同比尺的模型試驗對比,對弧形閘門局部開啟時閘前漩渦的形成機理、影響因素、臨界淹沒水深等水力特性進(jìn)行了研究。研究表明,閘前漩渦的形成是進(jìn)水口弗勞德數(shù)和來流環(huán)量共同作用的結(jié)果；其影響因素有閘前水深、閘門開度、進(jìn)水口弗勞德數(shù)和來流環(huán)量；閘前漩渦存在上、下兩個臨界淹沒水深,吸氣漩渦發(fā)生在臨界淹沒水深上下限之間；在臨界淹沒水深下限附近,來流環(huán)量作用較弱,在臨界淹沒水深上限附近,來流環(huán)量作用明顯；閘門開度越大,吸氣漩渦越強；進(jìn)水口弗勞德數(shù)越大,漩渦越強。(3)通過理論推導(dǎo)和閘前漩渦對比試驗數(shù)據(jù)分析,研究了粘性力和表面張力對閘前漩渦的作用機理和影響。結(jié)果顯示,按照重力相似準(zhǔn)則設(shè)計的模型試驗,當(dāng)行進(jìn)水流的雷諾數(shù)RP≥5.1×104、韋伯?dāng)?shù)We≥142時,可以忽略粘滯力和表面張力對閘前漩渦的影響。另外通過對本文建立的漩渦數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)一步推導(dǎo),得到了閘前吸氣漩渦的上、下限臨界淹沒水深公式,經(jīng)與本文及前人的試驗數(shù)據(jù)對比證明,其不僅適用于計算弧形閘門前吸氣漩渦的臨界淹沒水深,同時適用于結(jié)構(gòu)不變的側(cè)部或立軸進(jìn)水口等情況。(4)為消除閘前危害性較大的吸氣漩渦,本文在分析漩渦特性和總結(jié)已有消渦措施的基礎(chǔ)上,針對閘前漩渦的消除提出了豎向消渦隔柵法。試驗研究表明：采用豎向消渦隔柵法消除閘前吸氣漩渦時,兩對消渦隔柵方案消渦效果好,可滿足消渦要求。綜上所述,本文對閘前漩渦問題進(jìn)行了較系統(tǒng)的研究,所得成果可以為更深入地研究閘前漩渦水力特性提供數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)和理論依據(jù),也為工程設(shè)計和運行管理提供參考。
[Abstract]:Previous researches on swirl problems in hydraulic engineering are mainly focused on water intake such as power stations and flood discharge tunnels with large submerged depth and invariable structure, but there is little research on the vortex problem in front of sluice when the gate is locally opened. In order to avoid or control the damage caused by the vortex in front of sluice gate, the vortex in front of sluice will also bring great harm, such as inducing vibration of structure such as gate, reducing discharge rate, causing cavitation erosion of discharge surface and so on, in order to avoid or control the damage caused by vortex in front of sluice. In this paper, the method of combining model test with theoretical analysis is used. The hydraulic characteristics of the vortex flow field and the vortex in front of the sluice are studied systematically. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: 1) in this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of the vertical vortex flow field are studied by using the bucket test. The particle image velocimetry technique (PIV) is used to measure the vertical vortex flow field in detail. The distribution data of tangential velocity, radial velocity, radius of vortex core, annulus and water surface line are obtained, and the variation of hydraulic parameters of swirl flow field is revealed. The mathematical model for describing the vortex flow field is established by combining theoretical analysis with experimental data fitting. The comparison with the previous models and experimental data shows that the mathematical model established in this paper is more accurate and has a simple form. In this paper, taking a sluice project as the research object, through the comparison of model tests with different scale, the formation mechanism and influencing factors of the front vortex in the local opening of the arc gate are discussed. The hydraulic characteristics such as critical submerged water depth are studied. It is shown that the formation of the vortex in front of the sluice is the result of the joint action of the Froude number at the inlet of the gate and the amount of the incoming flow ring, and the influencing factors are the water depth in front of the sluice, the opening degree of the gate, The inlet Froude number and the volume of the incoming flow ring; the existence of the vortex in front of the sluice, the next two critical submerged water depths, the suction vortex occurring between the upper and lower limits of the critical submerged water depth, and the lower limit of the critical submerged water depth, the weaker the effect of the incoming flow ring, the lower limit of the critical submerged water depth and the lower limit of the critical submerged water depth. Near the upper limit of the critical submerged water depth, the effect of the incoming flow ring is obvious; the larger the gate opening, the stronger the suction vortex; the larger the Froude number at the inlet, the stronger the swirl. The mechanism and effect of viscous force and surface tension on the vortex in front of sluice are studied. The results show that when the Reynolds number (RP) of traveling flow is greater than 5.1 脳 10 ~ 4, and the Weber number is greater than 142, the model test designed according to gravity similarity criterion is presented. The influence of viscous force and surface tension on the vortex in front of the sluice can be neglected. In addition, the formula of the upper and lower limit critical submerged water depth of the suction vortex in front of the sluice can be obtained by further deducing the mathematical model of the vortex established in this paper. Compared with the experimental data in this paper and previous years, it is proved that it is not only suitable for calculating the critical submerged water depth of the suction vortex in front of the arc gate. In order to eliminate the suction vortex which is harmful to the front of the sluice, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the vortex and summarizes the existing measures to eliminate the vortex. For eliminating the vortex in front of the sluice, the vertical vortex barrier method is put forward. The experimental study shows that when the suction vortex in front of the gate is eliminated by using the vertical vortex barrier method, the vortex elimination effect of the two elimination grid schemes is good, which can meet the requirements of vortex elimination. In this paper, the problem of vortex in front of sluice is studied systematically. The obtained results can provide data basis and theoretical basis for further study of hydraulic characteristics of vortex in front of sluice, and also provide reference for engineering design and operation management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TV135.2

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