本文關(guān)鍵詞： 嬰兒腸道菌群 母嬰菌群傳遞 單分子實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)序 微滴式數(shù)字PCR　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人體是由自身細(xì)胞和微生物細(xì)胞共同組成的"超級(jí)生物體",其構(gòu)建非一日之功。早期觀點(diǎn)一致認(rèn)為胎兒在母親子宮中時(shí)其腸道內(nèi)是無(wú)菌的,隨著相關(guān)研究熱度的日益提升,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)胎兒腸道菌群的構(gòu)建可能在母體中就已開(kāi)始,并且,母體的腸道、口腔、羊水、胎盤(pán)、產(chǎn)道、乳腺和皮膚等微生態(tài)環(huán)境都有可能為其提供微生物。然而時(shí)至今日,全面闡述母嬰間菌群傳遞的相關(guān)論文卻鮮有報(bào)道。本研究應(yīng)用三代測(cè)序和微滴式數(shù)字PCR相結(jié)合的技術(shù),以41對(duì)母嬰志愿者胎糞、母親糞便、羊水、產(chǎn)道液體、母乳和母親唾液樣品為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)母嬰的菌群結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究,旨在探索初生嬰兒腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)及其與母體各部位菌群的關(guān)聯(lián)性。結(jié)果顯示,所有志愿者胎糞、羊水、產(chǎn)道液體和母乳均以厚壁菌門(mén)與變形菌門(mén)為優(yōu)勢(shì)菌門(mén),母親糞便與唾液則以厚壁菌門(mén)和擬桿菌門(mén)為優(yōu)勢(shì)菌門(mén),胎糞中變形菌門(mén)的相對(duì)含量顯著高于母親糞便,而擬桿菌門(mén)的相對(duì)含量則顯著低于母親糞便,在門(mén)的水平上顯示出胎糞與羊水、產(chǎn)道液體和母乳的菌群結(jié)構(gòu)更為相似,為嬰兒腸道菌群在出生前已開(kāi)始建立的學(xué)說(shuō)提供新的證據(jù)�；贠TU水平的菌群相似性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),胎糞和羊水、產(chǎn)道液體、母乳的菌群相似程度明顯高于與其它母親源樣品,表明早期嬰兒的腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)與其分娩前的生存環(huán)境(羊水)和分娩過(guò)程中暫居環(huán)境(產(chǎn)道)中的菌群結(jié)構(gòu)密切相關(guān),胎兒可能會(huì)在子宮中通過(guò)吞咽羊水獲得最初的母親源微生物。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),采用自然分娩的嬰兒胎糞中乳桿菌多樣性高于剖腹產(chǎn)分娩的嬰兒。基于不同分娩方式的嬰兒胎糞和產(chǎn)道液體菌群相似性分析顯示,自然分娩的嬰兒胎糞菌群與其母親產(chǎn)道菌群的相似性顯著高于剖腹產(chǎn)組(p0.001),表明新生兒在自然分娩過(guò)程中可能存在微生物接種的過(guò)程。微滴式數(shù)字PCR分析結(jié)果顯示,乳桿菌屬在自然分娩的嬰兒胎糞中的絕對(duì)含量顯著高于剖腹產(chǎn)分娩的嬰兒(p0.01),說(shuō)明選擇不同分娩方式會(huì)對(duì)嬰兒早期腸道中乳桿菌的定植造成一定的影響,這可能與自然分娩過(guò)程中嬰兒接觸了母親產(chǎn)道,從而發(fā)生菌群傳遞有關(guān)。綜上所述,母親子宮內(nèi)羊水環(huán)境中的微生物是胎兒最初獲得的主要菌群,而不同的分娩方式也塑造了不同的嬰兒腸道微生物特征。
[Abstract]:The human body is a "superorganism" made up of its own cells and microbiological cells. The early consensus was that the fetus's gut was sterile in the womb of the mother, with the increasing heat of related research. It has been found that the construction of fetal intestinal flora may have already begun in the mother, and that the microecological environment of the mother's gut, mouth, amniotic fluid, placenta, birth canal, mammary gland and skin may provide microbes for it. In this study, the technology of three-generation sequencing and microdrop digital PCR was used to study the meconium, mother's feces, amniotic fluid and birth canal fluid in 41 pairs of maternal and infant volunteers, including meconium, mother's feces, amniotic fluid, and birth canal fluid. The microflora structure of mother and infant was studied in breast milk and mother's saliva samples. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between intestinal microflora structure and maternal flora of newborn infants. The results showed that all volunteers had meconium, amniotic fluid, amniotic fluid, meconium and amniotic fluid. The dominant phylum was phylum pachymatidis and phylum Proteus in the spawning fluid and breast milk, and the dominant phylum in feces and saliva of mother was phylum thuringiensis and phylum bacilli. The relative content of the phylum of Proteus in meconium was significantly higher than that in feces of mother. On the other hand, the relative content of Bacteroides was significantly lower than that of mother's feces, showing that meconium was more similar to amniotic fluid, fluid of birth canal and breast milk. To provide new evidence for the theory that the intestinal microflora had been established before birth. Based on the similarity analysis of OTU level, it was found that the similarity between meconium and amniotic fluid, fecal fluid and breast milk was significantly higher than that of other maternal samples. The results showed that the intestinal flora structure of early infants was closely related to the living environment (amniotic fluid) before delivery and the microflora structure in temporary living environment (birth canal) during delivery. The fetus may acquire the original maternal microbes in the womb by swallowing amniotic fluid. The diversity of Lactobacillus in meconium of natural delivery was higher than that in caesarean section. The similarity between meconium microflora and maternal faecal flora in natural delivery was significantly higher than that in caesarean section group (p 0.001), which indicated that the microorganism inoculation process might exist in the process of natural delivery. The results of microdrop digital PCR analysis showed that, The absolute content of Lactobacillus in the meconium of natural delivery was significantly higher than that in caesarean section, indicating that the selection of different delivery modes would have a certain effect on the colonization of Lactobacillus in the early intestine of infants. This may be related to the exposure of the infant to the mother's birth canal during natural delivery, which results in the transmission of bacteria. In summary, microbes in the mother's amniotic fluid environment are the primary flora of the fetus. Different delivery patterns also shape different intestinal microbiological characteristics of infants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R37

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本文編號(hào)：1502042