本文關(guān)鍵詞： 時(shí)頻分析 HHT 地震信號(hào)處理 瞬時(shí)屬性 儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著勘探程度的不斷提高,油氣勘探的對(duì)象日趨復(fù)雜,常規(guī)的資料解釋和儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測技術(shù)難以適應(yīng)勘探、開發(fā)的需要。通過地震瞬時(shí)屬性(主要有瞬時(shí)頻率、瞬時(shí)振幅、瞬時(shí)相位等)能夠準(zhǔn)確反映出儲(chǔ)層的幾何形態(tài)與物性特征,對(duì)儲(chǔ)層進(jìn)行有效地識(shí)別。然而,由于地震信號(hào)是一種非線性、非平穩(wěn)的復(fù)雜信號(hào),而在信號(hào)處理過程中所使用的傳統(tǒng)方法大多是基于平穩(wěn)、線性信號(hào)的處理方法,所以這些傳統(tǒng)方法的效果較差,難以準(zhǔn)確地反映地層信息。希爾伯特—黃變換(Hilbert-Huang Transform, HHT)是一種處理非線性非平穩(wěn)信號(hào)的新方法。該方法所得結(jié)果可以更好地反映地震信號(hào)自身的特點(diǎn),這使得其時(shí)頻分辨能力大大提高。但是,常規(guī)HHT方法在儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用中存在有模態(tài)混疊、端點(diǎn)效應(yīng)與瞬時(shí)頻率的誤差問題。這些問題會(huì)對(duì)所求地震瞬時(shí)屬性產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的影響,導(dǎo)致瞬時(shí)屬性剖面的畸變和錯(cuò)位等現(xiàn)象,給解釋工作帶來極大的干擾和“陷阱”。因此,本文針對(duì)常規(guī)HHT方法中出現(xiàn)的模態(tài)混疊、端點(diǎn)效應(yīng)與瞬時(shí)頻率誤差的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了全面的分析,對(duì)這些問題產(chǎn)生的原因、對(duì)地震瞬時(shí)屬性的影響以及前人的研究成果展開了系統(tǒng)地研究,提出了基于AR模型預(yù)測的CEEMD方法,并與歸一化Hilbert變換(NHT)方法相結(jié)合,形成了一套完整的改進(jìn)后的HHT方法。通過模型正演與實(shí)例分析對(duì)該方法的有效性、準(zhǔn)確性與分辨率進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,證明了該方法能夠有效地抑制模態(tài)混疊、端點(diǎn)效應(yīng)與瞬時(shí)頻率的誤差對(duì)結(jié)果帶來的影響,所求瞬時(shí)屬性更加精確有效,其分辨率與可信度也大大提高。并通過結(jié)合測井資料對(duì)合成地震記錄進(jìn)行瞬時(shí)屬性分析,研究了瞬時(shí)屬性與儲(chǔ)層幾何特征、物性特征之間的關(guān)系,對(duì)利用改進(jìn)后的HHT方法在儲(chǔ)層中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)探索。利用改進(jìn)后的HHT進(jìn)行儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測,本文得到了如下幾點(diǎn)主要認(rèn)識(shí)：(1)基于AR模型的CEEMD方法能夠有效抑制常規(guī)EMD方法中存在的模態(tài)混疊與端點(diǎn)效應(yīng)問題,NHT方法能夠明顯降低常規(guī)Hilbert變換中存在的瞬時(shí)頻率誤差問題,改進(jìn)后的HHT方法具有更高的分辨率。(2)得出了地震瞬時(shí)屬性與儲(chǔ)層幾何形態(tài)、物性特征之間的關(guān)系：地震信號(hào)瞬時(shí)振幅橫向分辨率更高,能夠?qū)Φ貙拥男螒B(tài)與連續(xù)性進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確描述。該屬性也與砂體發(fā)育相對(duì)應(yīng),能夠反映儲(chǔ)層的厚度、孔隙度與巖性差異；瞬時(shí)頻率能夠?qū)Φ貙铀俣茸兓M(jìn)行體現(xiàn),可以反映儲(chǔ)層的厚度與流體性質(zhì)；瞬時(shí)相位可以對(duì)地層上下界面進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位,反映出儲(chǔ)層的橫向連續(xù)性。(3)油氣富集區(qū)往往具有強(qiáng)振幅、低頻率與相位局部異常的特點(diǎn)。通過瞬時(shí)振幅與瞬時(shí)頻率屬性相結(jié)合,在縱向上能夠很好地反映地層的孔隙度,泥質(zhì)含量與地震波傳播速度變化,區(qū)分砂巖層與泥巖層；利用低頻率、強(qiáng)振幅的特點(diǎn),可以對(duì)儲(chǔ)層進(jìn)行有效地識(shí)別；瞬時(shí)相位屬性能夠體現(xiàn)出地層物性的變化,瞬時(shí)相位在儲(chǔ)層上界面出現(xiàn)極性迅速大幅的反轉(zhuǎn),說明該層段富含油氣,能夠有效反映儲(chǔ)層的含氣性特點(diǎn)；瞬時(shí)斜率能夠?qū)?chǔ)層的邊界、厚度、埋深等幾何特征進(jìn)行更為準(zhǔn)確地定位。結(jié)合地震、測井與地質(zhì)資料對(duì)工區(qū)進(jìn)行多屬性綜合解釋,能夠更加準(zhǔn)確有效地對(duì)儲(chǔ)層進(jìn)行識(shí)別與預(yù)測。本文在研究的過程中做出了如下的創(chuàng)新：(1)提出基于AR模型預(yù)測的CEEMD分解方法,并采用NHT對(duì)分解結(jié)果求取瞬時(shí)參數(shù),形成了一套完整的改進(jìn)后的HHT方法。減少了常規(guī)方法中因模態(tài)混疊、端點(diǎn)效應(yīng)和瞬時(shí)參數(shù)誤差對(duì)結(jié)果的影響。(2)發(fā)展了改進(jìn)后的HHT方法在儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測中的應(yīng)用。通過對(duì)模型的正演與實(shí)例分析,得出了地震瞬時(shí)屬性與儲(chǔ)層幾何特征和物性特征的關(guān)系。結(jié)合測井、地質(zhì)資料進(jìn)行綜合分析,提高了對(duì)儲(chǔ)層特征的響應(yīng),揭示出了更多的細(xì)節(jié)信息。綜上所述,本文針對(duì)HHT方法在儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測領(lǐng)域中的不足之處,對(duì)常規(guī)HHT方法進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),并用改進(jìn)后的方法提取地震信號(hào)瞬時(shí)屬性；研究了這些參數(shù)與儲(chǔ)層幾何特征和物性特征之間的關(guān)系；最后利用地震瞬時(shí)屬性結(jié)合地震、測井和地質(zhì)資料,有效地將該方法應(yīng)用于儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測的工作中。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of exploration targets for oil and gas exploration, more and more complex, it is difficult to adapt to the exploration of conventional data interpretation and reservoir prediction technology development needs. Through the seismic instantaneous attributes (including instantaneous frequency, instantaneous amplitude, instantaneous phase) can accurately reflect the geometry and reservoir properties, are effective recognition of the reservoir. However, due to the seismic signal is a complex nonlinear and non-stationary signal, while the traditional methods used in the signal processing is mostly based on the stable linear signal processing method, so the traditional method of effect is poor, it is difficult to reflect the formation information accurately. (Hilbert Huang Bianhuan Hilbert-Huang Transform, HHT) is a new method for processing nonlinear and non stationary signal. The result can better reflect the characteristics of the seismic signal itself, which makes the time-frequency Resolution is greatly improved. However, the conventional HHT method to predict the application in modal aliasing in reservoir, error of end effect and instantaneous frequency. These problems will have a serious impact on the seismic instantaneous attributes, resulting in distortion and dislocation phenomena such as instantaneous attribute profile, to explain the work of great the interference and "trap". Therefore, this article aims at the modal aliasing in the conventional HHT method, the error of end effects and instantaneous frequency phenomenon is analyzed. The causes of these problems, the effect of the seismic instantaneous attributes as well as the results of previous studies have been systematically studied, we propose a CEEMD method AR based on model prediction, and transform and normalized Hilbert (NHT) method are combined to form a complete set of the improved HHT method. The forward analysis of the effectiveness of the method and examples of model, The accuracy and resolution is verified that this method can effectively suppress the mode aliasing error, end effect and instantaneous frequency of the result, the instantaneous attributes is more accurate and effective, its resolution and reliability is greatly improved. And through the instantaneous attribute analysis of synthetic seismogram with well data measurement, research the geometric features of instantaneous attributes and reservoir, the relationship between physical characteristics, a detailed exploration of application using the improved HHT method in the reservoir. The reservoir prediction using improved HHT, this paper obtained the main conclusions are as follows: (1) CEEMD AR method can mode effective suppression of the conventional EMD method of aliasing and endpoint effect based on NHT method can significantly reduce the problem of instantaneous frequency error of conventional Hilbert transform, the HHT method is more improved High resolution. (2) the instantaneous seismic attributes and reservoir geometry, the relationship between the physical characteristics of the instantaneous seismic signal amplitude higher horizontal resolution, to the formation of the shape and continuity of the accurate description. The property and development of sand body should be relative, can reflect the thickness of the reservoir. The porosity and lithology difference; instantaneous frequency to the velocity variation of reflected, and can reflect the thickness of reservoir fluid properties; instantaneous phase of formation on the interface for accurate positioning, reflecting the lateral continuity of the reservoir. (3) oil and gas enrichment zone often has high amplitude, low frequency and phase of the local characteristics abnormal. By combining the instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency characteristics, can well reflect the formation of porosity in the vertical, clay content and the propagation of seismic wave velocity changes, to distinguish between sand formation and clay layer; the use of low-frequency , strongamplitude, can effectively identify the reservoir properties; instantaneous phase can reflect the change of formation of the instantaneous phase in the reservoir on the interface of polar fast and dramatic reversal, indicating that the layers rich in oil and gas, which can effectively reflect the reservoir gas bearing characteristics; instantaneous slope to the reservoir boundary, thickness, depth and other geometric features more accurately. Combined with seismic, logging and geological data of the multiple attribute comprehensive interpretation of the work area, can be more accurate and efficient identification and prediction of the reservoir. This paper has the following innovations in the research process: (1) the decomposition method of AR model based on CEEMD, and using NHT to calculate the instantaneous parameters of the decomposition results, form a complete set of the improved HHT method. The decrease in the conventional method for modal aliasing, end effect and instantaneous parameter error on node The effects of (2). The application and development of improved HHT method in reservoir prediction. Through the example analysis and the forward model, the relation between instantaneous seismic attributes and reservoir geometry and physical characteristics. Combined with logging, geological data analysis, improve the response of the reservoir the characteristics, reveals more details. In summary, this paper HHT method in reservoir prediction deficiencies in the field of conventional HHT method was improved, and the extraction of seismic signal instantaneous attributes with the improved method; to study the relationship between these parameters and reservoir geometry and physical characteristics; by using seismic instantaneous attributes combined with seismic, logging and geological data, effectively applied to the reservoir prediction work.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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本文編號(hào)：1460358