本文關(guān)鍵詞： 間接效應(yīng) 化學(xué)計量學(xué) 適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化 性狀 連續(xù)穩(wěn)定策略 進(jìn)化分支　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在對物種進(jìn)化的研究中,兩種群的捕食者-食餌系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化響應(yīng)的研究比較多見.然而對于三種群及更復(fù)雜生態(tài)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化響應(yīng)的理論研究工作并不多見.因此本文以三種群的營養(yǎng)級聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和共位群內(nèi)捕食系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ),分別從快速進(jìn)化和長期進(jìn)化的角度出發(fā)建立進(jìn)化模型,系統(tǒng)研究了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)化響應(yīng)以及進(jìn)化對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的影響.首先,從三個營養(yǎng)級的營養(yǎng)級聯(lián)系統(tǒng)入手,分別應(yīng)用數(shù)量性狀理論和適應(yīng)動力學(xué)理論,建立并分析兩種不同形式的進(jìn)化模型.首先建立快速進(jìn)化模型,旨在研究中間消費者體態(tài)大小性狀的快速進(jìn)化,以及密度制約的間接效應(yīng)對種群動力學(xué)行為和性狀動力學(xué)行為的影響.其次建立消費者性狀的長期進(jìn)化模型,旨在研究長期進(jìn)化以及性狀制約的間接效應(yīng)對種群生態(tài)以及進(jìn)化行為的影響.分析結(jié)果表明,間接效應(yīng)會促使中間消費者體型進(jìn)化得更小,而且中間消費者體型大小的進(jìn)化會使得消費者避免進(jìn)化滅絕.另外,密度制約和性狀制約的間接效應(yīng)會產(chǎn)生不同的進(jìn)化響應(yīng)結(jié)果.其次,依據(jù)生態(tài)化學(xué)計量學(xué)和適應(yīng)動力學(xué)理論,建立了關(guān)于營養(yǎng)級聯(lián)系統(tǒng)的生態(tài)動力學(xué)模型和進(jìn)化動力學(xué)模型,分別給出了消費者受食物數(shù)量和質(zhì)量限制條件下的進(jìn)化動態(tài)分析,得出了關(guān)于種群進(jìn)化的收斂穩(wěn)定性、連續(xù)穩(wěn)定性、進(jìn)化分支點的閾值定理.結(jié)果表明系統(tǒng)總磷以及消費者體內(nèi)營養(yǎng)濃度對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和進(jìn)化系統(tǒng)的動力學(xué)行為都會產(chǎn)生重要的影響.特別當(dāng)食物質(zhì)量不好時,總磷濃度的增加會導(dǎo)致消費者進(jìn)化滅絕.再次,在共位群內(nèi)捕食系統(tǒng)的生態(tài)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)適應(yīng)動力學(xué)理論分別建立關(guān)于中間捕食者和頂層捕食者覓食性狀的進(jìn)化模型,其中考慮了中間捕食者與底層食餌和頂層捕食者之間的捕食與反捕食關(guān)系的權(quán)衡函數(shù).應(yīng)用臨界函數(shù)分析法,物種的進(jìn)化動態(tài)可以由權(quán)衡函數(shù)的性質(zhì)來刻畫.通過進(jìn)化動力學(xué)分析得到了豐富的進(jìn)化動力學(xué)行為,并得到頂層捕食者和中間捕食者的進(jìn)化多樣性產(chǎn)生的條件.最后,總結(jié)了本文的工作.提出下一步的研究方向以及本文所參考的主要文獻(xiàn).
[Abstract]:In the study of species evolution. The evolutionary response of predator-prey system of two populations is more frequently studied. However, there are few theoretical studies on the evolutionary response of three populations and more complex ecosystems. Therefore, the nutritional cascade system of three species is used in this paper. Is based on the predation system in the copositional group. The evolutionary models are established from the perspective of rapid evolution and long-term evolution respectively. The evolutionary response of ecosystem and the influence of evolution on ecosystem structure and function are systematically studied. Starting with three nutrition cascade systems, two different evolutionary models were established and analyzed by applying quantitative trait theory and adaptive dynamics theory respectively. First, rapid evolution model was established. The purpose of this study is to study the rapid evolution of body size traits of intermediate consumers and the influence of indirect effects of density constraints on population dynamics behavior and trait dynamics behavior. Secondly, a long-term evolutionary model of consumer traits is established. The purpose of this study is to study the effects of long-term evolution and trait restriction on population ecology and evolutionary behavior. The results show that indirect effects can lead to a smaller evolution of intermediate consumers' somatotypes. In addition, the indirect effects of density constraints and trait constraints will produce different evolutionary response results. Based on the theory of ecochemometrics and adaptation dynamics, the ecological dynamics model and evolutionary dynamics model of nutrition cascade system were established. The evolutionary dynamic analysis of consumers under the restriction of quantity and quality of food is given, and the convergence stability and continuous stability of population evolution are obtained. The results show that both the total phosphorus of the system and the concentration of nutrients in the consumer have an important effect on the dynamic behavior of the ecosystem and the evolutionary system, especially when the food quality is not good. The increase of total phosphorus concentration will lead to consumer evolution and extinction. Thirdly, based on the ecological model of the predation system in the co-location group. According to the adaptive dynamics theory, the evolutionary models of the foraging characteristics of the intermediate predator and the top predator were established respectively. The tradeoff function of the predator-anti-predator relationship between the intermediate predator and the bottom predator and the top predator is considered, and the critical function analysis method is applied. The evolutionary dynamics of species can be described by the properties of the trade-off function. Finally, the paper summarizes the work of this paper, and puts forward the research direction of the next step and the main references in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O175

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