本文關(guān)鍵詞：微藻光學(xué)特性反演及制氫動(dòng)力學(xué)研究　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 微藻新能源 微藻細(xì)胞輻射特性 輻射反問題 光生物反應(yīng)器 光生物制氫

【摘要】：能源短缺是人類在21世紀(jì)面臨的重大危機(jī)。隨著世界人口增長(zhǎng)和工業(yè)化迅速發(fā)展,加快了對(duì)傳統(tǒng)能源的消耗,也使得人類對(duì)能源的依賴更加嚴(yán)重。然而,傳統(tǒng)能源多為不可再生能源,儲(chǔ)量有限,且對(duì)環(huán)境有一定的污染,這使得人類把目光轉(zhuǎn)向了清潔、可再生的新能源領(lǐng)域。與太陽(yáng)能、核能和風(fēng)能等新型能源相比,微藻能源因具有原材料豐富、生產(chǎn)操作安全、生產(chǎn)過程能耗低且使用過程零排放等特點(diǎn),受到國(guó)內(nèi)外的廣泛關(guān)注。目前,微藻光生物制氫及產(chǎn)油已經(jīng)成為全球研究的熱點(diǎn),美國(guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家已經(jīng)率先實(shí)現(xiàn)了從微藻培養(yǎng)到生物燃料制備的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)。在影響微藻產(chǎn)氫產(chǎn)油的眾多因素中,光能是最主要的因素之一。因此,準(zhǔn)確地了解微藻細(xì)胞對(duì)光能的吸收散射特性及光生物反應(yīng)器內(nèi)輻射傳輸顯得尤為重要。本文以微藻光生物制氫為研究背景,針對(duì)細(xì)胞輻射特性、光生物反應(yīng)器內(nèi)輻射傳輸及制氫動(dòng)力學(xué)開展了理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,主要完成以下幾方面工作:首先介紹了單體微藻細(xì)胞輻射特性模型,比較了橢球形萊茵衣藻細(xì)胞與其等效球模型輻射特性的差異,并建立了基于分形理論和廣義Mie理論的微藻細(xì)胞團(tuán)聚體輻射特性模型,分析了分形維數(shù)、單體個(gè)數(shù)及單體半徑對(duì)團(tuán)聚體輻射特性的影響。結(jié)果表明,可用等效球模型近似計(jì)算橢球形萊茵衣藻細(xì)胞輻射特性;隨著分形維數(shù)增大,單體半徑越小且單體數(shù)越多的細(xì)胞團(tuán)聚體散射截面變小且越接近等體積球的散射截面,而吸收截面變化不明顯。在研究了細(xì)胞輻射特性模型的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合輻射反問題求解技術(shù),展開了微藻細(xì)胞輻射特性的測(cè)量研究,即分別建立了基于時(shí)/頻域激光透反射測(cè)量技術(shù)及微粒群智能優(yōu)化算法的微藻細(xì)胞光譜復(fù)折射率反演模型和基于微藻彌散系光譜消光技術(shù)及蟻群智能優(yōu)化算法的微藻細(xì)胞彌散系粒徑分布反演模型。研究表明,時(shí)域脈沖激光作用下的微藻細(xì)胞光譜復(fù)折射率反演結(jié)果的魯棒性好、精度高、收斂慢,基于多厚度模型和透反射信號(hào)的測(cè)量技術(shù)是一種有效反演萊茵衣藻GY-D55型細(xì)胞光譜復(fù)折射率的方法;在粒徑分布函數(shù)未知的情況下,J-SB函數(shù)和M-?函數(shù)可以作為一般性函數(shù)來(lái)近似參數(shù)化估計(jì)細(xì)胞粒徑分布,提出的一種基于波長(zhǎng)敏感度和矩陣條件數(shù)分析的探測(cè)激光波長(zhǎng)優(yōu)選方案能提高細(xì)胞粒徑分布的非參數(shù)化反演精度。在研究了細(xì)胞輻射特性的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合Michaelis-Menten動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,進(jìn)一步開展了光生物反應(yīng)器內(nèi)輻射傳輸及光生物制氫的研究,分析了不同地區(qū)不同時(shí)刻光照強(qiáng)度、氣泡密度、藻類濃度及微藻團(tuán)聚現(xiàn)象對(duì)反應(yīng)器內(nèi)輻射傳輸及制氫率的影響,并搭建了平板氣升式光生物反應(yīng)器制氫實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),測(cè)量了不同波長(zhǎng)和強(qiáng)度的LED燈照射下萊茵衣藻GY-D55型細(xì)胞的制氫率,反演得到相應(yīng)LED燈照射下的制氫特性參數(shù)。研究表明,夏至日光照強(qiáng)、制氫率高、光能對(duì)氫能轉(zhuǎn)化效率低,增大氣泡密度使得反應(yīng)器內(nèi)最大光合有效制氫區(qū)域減小并遠(yuǎn)離反應(yīng)器光照表面,增加微藻細(xì)胞濃度使得反應(yīng)器內(nèi)總制氫率出現(xiàn)先增大后減小的趨勢(shì);微藻細(xì)胞光譜吸收指數(shù)是影響微藻光合作用動(dòng)力學(xué)的關(guān)鍵因素,在吸收指數(shù)較大的波長(zhǎng)下,同樣的光強(qiáng)能獲得較大的細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)率和制氫率。
[Abstract]:Energy shortage is a major crisis in twenty-first Century of human faces. With the world population growth and the rapid development of industrialization, speed up the consumption of traditional energy, but also makes the human dependence on energy is more serious. However, the traditional energy is non renewable energy reserves are limited, and there is a certain degree of pollution to the environment, which makes the human eye to clean, renewable new energy field. Compared with solar, nuclear and wind power and other new energy sources, energy microalgae with abundant raw materials, safe production and operation, the characteristics of the production process of low energy consumption and zero emissions in the process of using, by domestic and international attention. At present, microalgae Photobiological Hydrogen Production and oil production has become the focus of global study on the United States and other developed countries have taken the lead from the implementation of the microalgae culture to the industrialized production of biofuels in preparation. Factors affecting hydrogen production of the microalgae oil, light It is one of the main factors. Therefore, accurate understanding of microalgae cells on light absorption and light scattering characteristics of biological reactor radiation transmission is particularly important. In this paper, on the background of microalgae Photobiological Hydrogen Production, the cell radiation characteristics of photobioreactor for radiative transfer and hydrogen dynamics carried out theoretical and experimental research, mainly completed the following work: firstly introduces the radiation characteristics of single microalgae cell model, compared the radiation characteristics of ellipsoidal Rhine Chlamydomonas equivalent sphere model, and established the radiation characteristics of fractal theory and generalized Mie theory of microalgae cells aggregates model based on the analysis of fractal dimension, the effect of monomer number and the monomer radius on the radiation characteristics of aggregates. The results show that the equivalent sphere model of approximate calculation of radiation characteristics of ellipsoidal Rhine Chlamydomonas; with the increase of fractal dimension Large cross section cell aggregates scattering cross section of single radius is small and the number of monomers more smaller and more close to the volume of the ball, and the absorption cross section did not change significantly. Based on the radiation characteristics of cell model, combined with the inverse radiation problem solving technique, the measurement study of the radiation characteristics of microalgae. Which are established based on time / frequency laser reflection measurement technique and particle swarm optimization algorithm of the microalgae spectral complex refractive index and the inversion model of microalgae dispersion spectral extinction technology and ant colony optimization algorithm of microalgae cell diffusion coefficient inversion model based on particle size distribution. The results show that the time-domain pulse spectrum of microalgae under laser irradiation the inversion results of complex refractive index of good robustness, high precision, slow convergence, based on multi thickness model and reflection signal measurement technique is an effective inversion in Rhine Chlamydomonas GY-D55 The refractive index of the complex cell spectrum; particle size distribution function in the case of unknown function, J-SB and M-? Function can be used as general function to approximate the parametric estimation of cell size distribution of inversion precision of the proposed nonparametric analysis based on a number of wavelength sensitivity and matrix condition detection of laser wavelength selection scheme can enhance the cell size distribution. Based on the radiation characteristics of cells, combined with the Michaelis-Menten dynamic model, we carried out further studies on radiation transmission and light bio hydrogen production in the photobioreactor, analyzed the bubble density different areas in different time, light intensity, concentration of algae and microalgae agglomeration effects of radiation transmission and the hydrogen production rate of the reactor, and build a flat plate airlift photobioreactor for hydrogen production experiment platform, different wavelength and intensity of light irradiation LED Rhine Chlamydomonas GY-D55 measurement Cell type hydrogen production rate, hydrogen inversion parameters corresponding LED light irradiation. The results indicate that the summer solstice, the sun was shining, hydrogen production rate is high, energy of hydrogen conversion efficiency is low, increasing the bubble density makes the maximum light reactor effective hydrogen production reactor and reducing the area away from the light surface, increase the algal cell concentration makes in the reactor the total hydrogen production rate increased first and then decreased; the spectral absorption index of microalgae cells is the key factor influencing microalgal photosynthetic dynamics, at the wavelength of absorption index is larger, the same intensity can obtain the growth rate and hydrogen production rate larger cells.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TQ116.2;Q949.2
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本文編號(hào)：1380546