本文關(guān)鍵詞：蒙古黃芪對(duì)干旱脅迫的響應(yīng)及分子應(yīng)答機(jī)制研究　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 蒙古黃芪 干旱脅迫 代謝組 轉(zhuǎn)錄組 次生代謝產(chǎn)物 水楊酸

【摘要】：干旱是中國(guó)西北部面臨的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題,嚴(yán)重影響著當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)和生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展。尋找抗旱植物或研究當(dāng)?shù)刂参锏目购禉C(jī)制對(duì)解決干旱問(wèn)題有著重要的意義。蒙古黃芪[Astragalus membranaceus Bge.var. mongolicus (Bge.)Hsiao]為重要的中藥材,以根入藥,目前在中國(guó)的西北部地區(qū)廣泛種植。本研究以蒙古黃芪為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,研究了干旱脅迫對(duì)二年生蒙古黃芪盆栽苗生長(zhǎng)、生理生化指標(biāo)及次生代謝產(chǎn)物積累的影響,并結(jié)合代謝組學(xué)(1H-NMR)和轉(zhuǎn)錄學(xué)(Illumina Hiseq 2000)探究了黃芪對(duì)干旱脅迫響應(yīng)的分子機(jī)制。此外,研究了適度干旱脅迫對(duì)三年生蒙古黃芪盆栽苗生長(zhǎng)及品質(zhì)的影響,研究了葉面噴施外源性水楊酸對(duì)二年生蒙古黃芪抗旱性的影響。研究結(jié)果如下：1.在14天持續(xù)性干旱脅迫過(guò)程中,由于土壤相對(duì)含水量的降低,葉片相對(duì)含水量(RWC)和生物量均呈現(xiàn)不同程度降低。輕度和中度干旱時(shí),黃芪體內(nèi)一些抗氧化酶類的活性增強(qiáng),滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增多。但重度脅迫時(shí),抗氧化酶類活性減弱甚至消失。一定程度范圍內(nèi)的干旱脅迫,能提高黃芪甲苷,毛蕊異黃酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊異黃酮和芒柄花素4種黃酮類成分的含量。2.代謝組學(xué)分析表明,干旱顯著地影響了代謝的過(guò)程,主成分分析(PCA)顯示蔗糖、脯氨酸和蘋果酸為差異代謝物,特別是脯氨酸,在重度干旱脅迫下,含量較對(duì)照增加了近60倍。重要的代謝通路,糖酵解途徑、三羧酸循環(huán)、谷氨酸介導(dǎo)的脯氨酸合成通路、蔗糖和淀粉代謝途徑均不同程度受到了干旱脅迫的影響。3.轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序發(fā)現(xiàn),干旱脅迫后黃芪根中大量轉(zhuǎn)錄本發(fā)生了變化,和對(duì)照相比較,輕度干旱、中度干旱和重度干旱分別有18,292,15,085和20,986差異表達(dá)基因,與干旱相關(guān)基因P5CS,PDH,MDH,鋅指蛋白基因和細(xì)胞色素P450s相關(guān)基因在不同程度干旱脅迫下表達(dá)量不同。4.在適度干旱脅迫下,兩個(gè)不同種源黃芪的生物量均降低,但次生代謝產(chǎn)物黃芪甲苷,毛蕊異黃酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊異黃酮和芒柄花素4種黃酮類成分的含量有不同程度地增加。5.葉片噴施一定濃度水楊酸后,在干旱脅迫第10天時(shí),抗氧化酶類活性與干旱組相比達(dá)到最大,滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)明顯增多,比干旱組有更高的葉片RWC,葉片水勢(shì),葉綠素含量,更低地電解質(zhì)滲透率和丙二醛含量,表明水楊酸在黃芪的抗旱性方面發(fā)揮了一定作用。
[Abstract]:Drought is a major problem facing northwest China. The development of local economy and production is seriously affected. It is important to find drought-resistant plants or study the drought-resistant mechanism of local plants in order to solve the drought problem. Astragalus mongolicus (Astragalus mongolicus). [Astragalus membranaceus Bge.var. mongolicus Bge.Hsiao is an important traditional Chinese medicine. Astragalus mongolicus (Astragalus mongolicus) was used as experimental material to study the effects of drought stress on the growth, physiological and biochemical indexes and the accumulation of secondary metabolites of biannual Astragalus mongolicus seedlings. The molecular mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus in response to drought stress was investigated by means of 1H-NMRs and Illumina Hiseq 2000. The effects of moderate drought stress on the growth and quality of three year old Astragalus mongolicus seedlings were studied. The effects of exogenous salicylic acid sprayed on leaves on drought resistance of biennial Astragalus mongolicus were studied. The results were as follows: 1. During 14 days of persistent drought stress, the relative water content of soil decreased. Leaf relative water content (RWC) and biomass decreased in varying degrees. During mild and moderate drought, the activities of some antioxidant enzymes in Astragalus membranaceus were increased. The content of proline and soluble sugar increased, but the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreased or even disappeared under severe stress. Contents of isoflavone glucoside, anthocyanin, isoflavone and anthocyanin. 2. Metabolic analysis showed that drought significantly affected the metabolic process. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that sucrose, proline and malic acid were different metabolites, especially proline, under severe drought stress, the content of sucrose, proline and malic acid increased nearly 60 times compared with the control. Glycolysis pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutamate mediated proline synthesis pathway, sucrose and starch metabolism pathway were all affected by drought stress. After drought stress, a large number of transcripts in the root of Astragalus membranaceus changed. Compared with the control, the numbers of light drought, moderate drought and severe drought were 180.292 and 15085 and 20, respectively. 986 differentially expressed gene and drought related gene P5CSN PDHG MDH. The expression of zinc finger protein gene and cytochrome P450s related gene were different under different degrees of drought stress. Under moderate drought stress, the biomass of two different provenances of Astragalus membranaceus decreased. But the secondary metabolites, astragaloside, isoflavone glucoside and anthocyanin. The contents of isoflavones and Flos mandshurica were increased to some extent. 5. The leaves were sprayed with certain concentration of salicylic acid on the 10th day of drought stress. Compared with the drought group, the antioxidant enzyme activity reached the maximum, osmotic regulator increased significantly, higher leaf RWC, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, lower electrolyte permeability and malondialdehyde content than the drought group. The results showed that salicylic acid played a certain role in the drought resistance of Astragalus membranaceus.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：Q945.78

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