本文關(guān)鍵詞：全矢量光場的產(chǎn)生及其應(yīng)用　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 偏振態(tài) 矢量光束 渦旋相位 聚焦 光束整形 光學(xué)微操縱 傅里葉變換

【摘要】：隨著激光技術(shù)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步,人們越來越多地認(rèn)識到光所攜帶的豐富信息可以作為探測和感知物質(zhì)世界的手段。若要充分發(fā)揮光子作為信息載體的優(yōu)勢,對光場的調(diào)控至關(guān)重要。光場調(diào)控主要包括在時間域和空間域?qū)鈭鲞M(jìn)行調(diào)控兩大類,調(diào)控的光場參量主要是頻率、振幅、相位和偏振。在時間域可以調(diào)控光場的頻率。對光場的振幅、相位和偏振分布的調(diào)控構(gòu)成對光場的空域調(diào)控,這也是本論文的主要研究內(nèi)容。在光學(xué)的發(fā)展歷程中,對振幅和相位的調(diào)控技術(shù)已經(jīng)比較成熟有效,而對偏振的調(diào)控相對較難,特別是要同時實現(xiàn)對振幅、相位和偏振的調(diào)控就更為復(fù)雜。通過偏振自由度的引入加之對振幅和相位的調(diào)控,無疑會導(dǎo)致光場演化以及光與物質(zhì)相互作用的新效應(yīng)。本文將集中研究對光場空間參量的完全調(diào)控也即全矢量光場的產(chǎn)生及其應(yīng)用。本論文工作的主要創(chuàng)新如下：1.提出了一種振幅、相位和偏振可被同時完全調(diào)控的矢量光場生成方案。論文回顧了前人提出的基于4f系統(tǒng)和空間光調(diào)制器的矢量光場產(chǎn)生方案,該方案的原理是光束的先分解后合成,基模的高斯光束經(jīng)過空間光調(diào)制器和空間濾波后變?yōu)閮墒穹较蛳嗷ゴ怪钡幕噶抗?而后這兩束基矢量光通過一個Ronchi光柵合成為一束矢量光。在之前的方案中,受空間光調(diào)制器工作模式的限制,只能調(diào)控兩個基矢量光場的相位分布,不能調(diào)控其振幅分布,這樣就只能調(diào)控所合成光場的偏振和相位而不能調(diào)控光場的光強(qiáng)分布；而且所合成的矢量光場的偏振態(tài)只能位于Poincare球的一個大圓上,不能覆蓋整個Poincare球。為了突破上述局限,我們采用了光場復(fù)振幅的純相位編碼算法,可以利用相位型空間光調(diào)制器完全調(diào)控兩個基矢量光場的振幅和相位,因此可以實現(xiàn)對由它們所合成的矢量光場的振幅、相位和偏振的完全調(diào)控,也就是可以產(chǎn)生全矢量光場。論文中提出的全矢量光場生成方案,是普遍適用的。要產(chǎn)生任意所需的矢量光場,首先將其分解為偏振正交的兩個基矢量光場,然后使用純相位編碼算法編碼兩個基矢量光場的復(fù)振幅,最后通過基于4f系統(tǒng)的矢量光場生成系統(tǒng)來生成這一光場。我們設(shè)計了相應(yīng)的實驗驗證了該方案的實用性和可靠性。2.提出了一種聚焦光場的逆向設(shè)計方案,實現(xiàn)了對焦場空間參量的完全調(diào)控。焦場設(shè)計要解決的主要問題是如何獲得與焦場對應(yīng)的入射場,現(xiàn)今被普遍采用的方案,一種是迭代方案,一種是正向方案。正向方案本質(zhì)上是一種試探方案,根據(jù)經(jīng)驗主動改變?nèi)肷鋱龅慕Y(jié)構(gòu)來獲得所需的焦場。但是由于試探過程復(fù)雜,而且只對某些特定類型的焦場有效,因而該方案應(yīng)用范圍有限。而迭代方案是一種近似方案,而且迭代的收斂性與焦場具體結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)；此外,迭代過程中要求至少有一個光場參量作為自由參數(shù),因而不能用于全矢量光場的設(shè)計中。由于正向設(shè)計和迭代設(shè)計都比較費時,所以很難用在需要對焦場進(jìn)行實時動態(tài)調(diào)控的場合。本論文中提出的全矢量焦場的設(shè)計方案,是通過逆向計算獲得與焦場對應(yīng)的入射場的。逆向計算的基礎(chǔ)是Richards-Wolf矢量衍射理論以及根據(jù)坐標(biāo)變換獲得的光場在物鏡出瞳和入瞳之間的轉(zhuǎn)換矩陣；在逆向算時可使用快速傅里葉變換和啁啾變換,以保證計算的快速和準(zhǔn)確。在逆向設(shè)計方案中,入射場的獲取僅需一步計算,不需要試探,不需要設(shè)定自由參數(shù),因而該方案可以實現(xiàn)對焦場的實時動態(tài)的全矢量調(diào)控。我們通過實驗驗證了該設(shè)計方案的有效性和普適性,論文還首次提出并使用逆向設(shè)計方案在焦場中產(chǎn)生了完美矢量渦旋光場。3.提出了一種基于剪切干涉的相位渦旋拓?fù)浜蓹z測方案。此方案不僅可以用于標(biāo)量光場相位渦旋拓?fù)浜傻臋z測,還可以用于矢量渦旋光場的相位拓?fù)浜蓹z測。該方案是將帶相位渦旋的光場通過一個平行偏振分束鏡后一分為二,所產(chǎn)生的兩束光的傳播方向平行且偏振態(tài)相互垂直,而它們的光束中心有一個橫向平移。通過這兩束光的偏振干涉條紋就可以判斷出渦旋的大小和手性。該方案用于檢測標(biāo)量光場相位渦旋拓?fù)浜蓵r,干涉條紋中圍繞兩個光強(qiáng)奇點的干涉臂的數(shù)目相等且與相位渦旋拓?fù)浜傻慕^對值相等,而干涉條紋的方向?qū)?yīng)拓?fù)浜傻恼?fù)；用于矢量渦旋光場的相位拓?fù)錂z測時,圍繞兩個光強(qiáng)奇點的干涉臂的數(shù)目,分別反映兩個正交圓偏振偏振分量所攜帶的相位渦旋拓?fù)浜傻慕^對值,而干涉臂的方向則分別反映相位渦旋拓?fù)浜傻恼?fù),通過兩個正交偏振分量的相位拓?fù)浜?就可以逆推出矢量渦旋光場的相位渦旋拓?fù)浜伞Ｏ啾扔谄渌鼨z測渦旋拓?fù)浜傻姆椒ǘ?基于剪切干涉的渦旋拓?fù)浜傻臋z測方案的優(yōu)點是,該檢測方案不依賴于具體的光場產(chǎn)生光路,可以獨立構(gòu)建和使用；所用元器件精簡,光路搭建十分方便；抗干擾能力強(qiáng),因為我們的光路不要求對渦旋光的中心進(jìn)行對準(zhǔn),各元件的距離也沒有特殊要求,只需要依次通過各個光學(xué)元件,就可以產(chǎn)生足夠區(qū)分不同拓?fù)浜傻膶嶒灛F(xiàn)象；通過這些現(xiàn)象不僅能區(qū)分拓?fù)浜傻拇笮∫材軈^(qū)分拓?fù)浜傻恼?fù)；并且不需要對CCD所記錄的圖像進(jìn)行后續(xù)處理,甚至某些情形下,相位拓?fù)浜煽梢杂萌庋壑苯臃直娉鰜�；此�?該方案中所用核心元器件具有很大損傷閡值,可以用于高功率情況下渦旋相位拓?fù)浜傻臋z測。我們通過實驗驗證了所提出的拓?fù)浜蓹z測方案,并證實該方案對相干光和部分相干光都有效。
[Abstract]:With the development of laser technology, more and more people realize that the rich information carried by the light can be used as detection and awareness of the physical world. To give full play to the advantages of photon as the information carrier, the regulation is vital field. Mainly includes the regulation of light field in time and space domain of light field regulation two large, light field control of frequency, amplitude, phase and polarization. The frequency of light field can be controlled in time domain. The light field amplitude, phase and polarization distribution of spatial regulation of light field, is the main research contents of this paper. In the course of development of optics. The amplitude and phase control technology is relatively mature and effective regulation of the polarization is relatively difficult, especially the amplitude, phase and polarization control is more complicated. The polarization degree of freedom by introducing The control of amplitude and phase, will undoubtedly lead to evolution of optical field and the interaction between light and matter. This paper will focus on the new effect of light field space parameters completely namely regulation of generation and application of the vector field. The main contributions of this dissertation are as follows: 1. a vector amplitude, phase at the same time and polarization can be completely control the light field generation scheme. This paper reviews the previous proposed 4f system based on spatial light modulator and optical field vector generation scheme, the principle of the project is the first beam after the decomposition synthesis, Gauss beam mode through spatial light modulator and spatial filtering into base vector light beams the polarization direction perpendicular to each other, then the two beam based vector light through a Ronchi grating synthesis for a beam of light vector. Before scheme, by the spatial light modulator working mode limit, only control two The base phase vector light field distribution, can not control the amplitude distribution, so it can only control the synthesis of light field polarization and phase and intensity can not control the light field; a great circle and the synthetic vector light field polarization than in the Poincare sphere, cannot cover the entire Poincare. In order to break the ball limitations, we use a light field complex amplitude phase encoding algorithm, the amplitude and phase using phase spatial light modulator completely control two base vector light field, it can be achieved on the synthesis by the vector light field amplitude, phase and polarization adjustment, is also can produce the full vector light field. The full vector light field generation scheme is universally applicable. To produce any desired vector light field, firstly, it can be divided into two basic vector orthogonal polarization light field, and then use the pure phase A complex amplitude encoding algorithm encoding two base vector light field, finally to generate a light field based on the vector 4f system of light field generation system. We designed the experiment to verify the practicability and reliability of the.2. scheme presents a reverse design focused light field, to achieve a complete regulation focusing field space parameters. The main problems of coke field design to solve is how to get the incident field corresponding to the focal field, is now widely adopted, an iterative scheme is a scheme, is positive. The positive solution is essentially a kind of tentative plan, take the initiative to change the structure of the incident field to obtain the focal field according to the required experience. But because the test process is complex, and only on certain types of focal field effectively, thus the scheme of limited application range. And the iterative scheme is an approximation scheme, and iterative convergence and focal field The structure of the body; in addition, the iterative process requires at least one light field as a free parameter, so it can not be used to design the full vector light field. The forward design and iterative design are more time consuming, so it is difficult to use in the field of real-time dynamic control need to focus the occasion. The design scheme of the vector field of coke in this paper, is obtained by reverse incident and corresponding focal field. Based on the reverse calculation of Richards-Wolf vector diffraction theory and coordinate transformation to obtain the optical field in the objective lens and the entrance pupil of the pupil conversion matrix according to the calculation can be used in reverse; fast Fourier transform and chirp transform, to to ensure fast and accurate calculation. In reverse design, access to the incident field only one step calculation, no need to test, do not need to set the free parameters, so the scheme can realize the focusing field. Full vector dynamic regulation. We experimentally verify the validity of the design scheme and universality, this paper also put forward for the first time and the use of reverse design in the focal field produces a perfect vector optical vortices.3. proposed a measuring scheme for phase vortex shear interference detection based on topological charge. This scheme not only can for the detection of scalar light field phase vortices of the topological charge, can also be used for phase topological vector optical vortices bearing detection. The program is going through a parallel polarization beam splitter with phase vortex after One divides into two. light field, the propagation direction of light beams generated by the parallel and perpendicular polarization, and their beam the center has a transverse translation. We can estimate the vortex size and chirality by the polarization of the two laser beams interference fringes. The scheme for the detection of scalar light field phase vortices of topological charge, the interference fringe around An equal number of interference arms around two light intensity and phase singularities of the vortex topological charge is equal to the absolute value, and the positive and negative direction of the interference fringes corresponding to the topological charge for phase detection; topological vector vortex optical field, the number of interference arms around two intensity singularities, the absolute value respectively reflect the two orthogonal circle polarization component with phase vortices of topological charge, and the direction of interference arms respectively reflect the positive and negative phase vortices of topological charge, the phase topology of two orthogonal polarization components of charge, you can launch the inverse phase vortices of topological vector optical vortices. Compared to other methods for load detection of vortex topological charge, advantages vortex shear interference detection scheme topology based on the load, the detection scheme does not depend on the specific light field produced light path, can be built and used; components used in optical structures is very streamlined, Convenient; strong anti-interference ability, because we do not require the optical path of the vortex center alignment, each component distance also has no special requirements, only need to loop through each optical component, they can produce enough to distinguish the experimental phenomena with different topological charges; distinguish topological charge size can also distinguish negative topological charge by these phenomena can not only; and does not require the recorded images to the CCD for further processing, and even in some cases, phase topological charge with the naked eye can distinguish; in addition, the core components used in the scheme has very high damage threshold, can be used for the detection of high power vortex phase topological charge. We to verify the proposed topology load detection scheme by experiment, and the scheme of coherent and partially coherent light are effective.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O436

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