本文關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用的認(rèn)知水平與社會(huì)規(guī)制研究　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù) 利益相關(guān)主體 認(rèn)知水平 社會(huì)規(guī)制

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)給全球帶來(lái)巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益,但同時(shí)也引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)前所未有的爭(zhēng)論,爭(zhēng)論由最開始的轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)安全性問(wèn)題逐漸蔓延到經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和道德等領(lǐng)域,當(dāng)前部分公眾對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的認(rèn)知并不全面、態(tài)度模糊,對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)潛在的健康和生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感到迷茫和擔(dān)憂。對(duì)這一系列問(wèn)題的有效處理和控制主要依賴于一國(guó)的社會(huì)規(guī)制水平。目前,我國(guó)現(xiàn)有農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)社會(huì)規(guī)制手段不足,對(duì)利益主體認(rèn)知行為和態(tài)度的反應(yīng)不充分。認(rèn)知的準(zhǔn)確把握和控制是規(guī)制的前提,政府在制定決策時(shí)必須考慮各利益主體的認(rèn)知行為和態(tài)度。因此,從利益相關(guān)者認(rèn)知的角度出發(fā),探究農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用社會(huì)規(guī)制框架體系十分必要。本研究以農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用社會(huì)規(guī)制中涉及的利益相關(guān)主體(消費(fèi)者、生產(chǎn)者、生物企業(yè)、科研機(jī)構(gòu)和政府)為研究對(duì)象,基于659份消費(fèi)者問(wèn)卷、302份農(nóng)戶問(wèn)卷、58份企業(yè)問(wèn)卷、38份科研機(jī)構(gòu)問(wèn)卷和20份政府問(wèn)卷數(shù)據(jù),旨在:(1)通過(guò)理論和實(shí)證研究識(shí)別主要利益主體對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用的認(rèn)知水平和行為態(tài)度及其驅(qū)動(dòng)因素;(2)基于利益相關(guān)者行為理論,剖析農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)社會(huì)規(guī)制中各利益主體之間利益協(xié)調(diào)的行為過(guò)程;(3)從產(chǎn)業(yè)安全角度出發(fā),明確各利益主體的認(rèn)知行為對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用社會(huì)規(guī)制的影響路徑,解析影響社會(huì)規(guī)制的關(guān)鍵因素;(4)結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用社會(huì)規(guī)制的績(jī)效評(píng)估,完善轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的社會(huì)規(guī)制體系。本研究的主要結(jié)論是:(1)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用社會(huì)規(guī)制的供求矛盾突出,轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的復(fù)雜性、公眾認(rèn)知的需求和轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)失靈使轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用的社會(huì)規(guī)制迫在眉睫。(2)不同利益相關(guān)主體對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)及產(chǎn)品的認(rèn)知不全面,行為態(tài)度存在差異:城市消費(fèi)者的認(rèn)知水平普遍高于農(nóng)村消費(fèi)者,大多數(shù)企業(yè)都認(rèn)為生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)品能給企業(yè)帶來(lái)較大利潤(rùn),科研機(jī)構(gòu)工作者比較了解轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的管理體系和法規(guī)體系,政府工作人員不熟悉當(dāng)前我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)規(guī)制的法規(guī)。(3)根據(jù)認(rèn)知行為及態(tài)度可以將利益相關(guān)主體分為3類:①消費(fèi)者群體,他們對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)及食品有所顧慮,持消極態(tài)度;②科研機(jī)構(gòu)和生物企業(yè),他們對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的潛在收益認(rèn)知和接受度較高,對(duì)當(dāng)前轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的發(fā)展持積極態(tài)度;③政府工作人員,他們對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的認(rèn)知水平較高,但是對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)品的態(tài)度并不明顯,持觀望態(tài)度。(4)規(guī)制者、被規(guī)制者和規(guī)制受益者等主體之間的利益協(xié)調(diào)是農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用社會(huì)規(guī)制的關(guān)鍵。在政府、生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者的三方動(dòng)態(tài)博弈中,消費(fèi)者起到了較好的監(jiān)督作用。隨著消費(fèi)者關(guān)注的增加,規(guī)制者的監(jiān)管力度增強(qiáng),生產(chǎn)者的"尋租"行為有效減少。(5)有效的規(guī)制手段和良好的規(guī)制效果能夠改善公眾對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)及應(yīng)用的認(rèn)知程度,公眾的認(rèn)知反過(guò)來(lái)也會(huì)影響農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用的社會(huì)規(guī)制。轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)認(rèn)知行為對(duì)社會(huì)規(guī)制有顯著正向影響,消費(fèi)者的認(rèn)知水平對(duì)社會(huì)規(guī)制的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化路徑系數(shù)為0.368。(6)政府在制定農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用的規(guī)制政策時(shí),應(yīng)結(jié)合各主體對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的認(rèn)知行為和態(tài)度,必須把各利益主體的認(rèn)知和行為納入考慮中。(7)影響轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用社會(huì)規(guī)制的關(guān)鍵因素依次為公眾的收入、企業(yè)銷售利潤(rùn)、科研機(jī)構(gòu)的科研能力、公眾信息獲取渠道和政府部門技術(shù)成果商品化程度等。(8)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用的規(guī)制政策措施嚴(yán)重缺失。我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻的社會(huì)規(guī)制績(jī)效水平較低,績(jī)效評(píng)估綜合得分為18.7。(9)完善農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用的社會(huì)規(guī)制體系可從社會(huì)規(guī)制立法、社會(huì)規(guī)制原則和社會(huì)規(guī)制內(nèi)容等方面考慮。
[Abstract]:The agricultural transgenic technology has brought great economic benefits and social benefits to the world, but also triggered a hitherto unknown argument, debate by transgenic technology security problems began gradually spread to the economic, social and moral fields, cognition of transgenic technology currently part of the public is not comprehensive, vague attitude, confused and worried about the agricultural transgenic technology potential health and ecological risk. The level of social regulation and control to a series of problems effectively depends on a country. At present, China's current agricultural transgenic technology and social regulation means lack of subject of interest cognitive attitude and behavior reaction is not sufficient. The accurate grasp and control cognitive regulation the premise, the government must consider the interests of the main cognitive behavior and attitude in making decisions. Therefore, from the perspective of stakeholder cognition perspective, exploration The social application of agricultural transgenic technology regulation framework is necessary. The stakeholders based on the agricultural transgenic technology application in social regulation involves (consumer, producer, biological enterprises, research institutions and government) as the research object, 659 copies of questionnaire based on 302 household questionnaires, 58 copies of the enterprise questionnaire, 38 scientific research institutions 20 copies of the questionnaire and questionnaire of government data, aimed at: (1) through theoretical and empirical research to identify the main stakeholders attitude cognitive level and behavior on the application of transgenic technology in agriculture and its driving factors; (2) the stakeholder behavior based on the theory analysis of agricultural transgenic technology in social regulation between the interests of all stakeholders to coordinate the behavior process; (3) from the perspective of industrial safety, cognitive behavior of various stakeholders clearly influence on the application of transgenic technology social regulation path, analysis of the influence of social regulation The key factors; (4) performance evaluation combined with the application of transgenic technology to regulate the society, improve the system of social regulation of transgenic technology of the whole industry chain. The main conclusions of this study are: (1) the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural transgenic technology application of social regulation is outstanding, complexity of the risks of transgenic technology, transgenic products demand and public perception of the market failure the social regulation of the application of transgenic technology is imminent. (2) different stakeholders on transgenic technology and product awareness is not comprehensive, there are differences in cognitive behavior and attitude of consumers all over the city peaceful water is higher than that of rural consumers, most of the enterprises that produce transgenic products can bring great profit to the enterprise, scientific research institutions, workers better understanding of transgenic technology the management system and regulation system, government staff are not familiar with the current regulation of transgenic technology (3) according to the regulations. Cognitive behavior and attitudes of stakeholders can be divided into 3 types: the consumer groups, they have concerns about GM technology and food, a negative attitude; the scientific research institutions and biotech companies, their potential benefits of transgenic technology awareness and acceptance is high, hold a positive attitude towards the development of transgenic technology; government the staff, their higher cognitive level of transgenic technology, but the attitude of GM products is not obvious, on the sidelines. (4) regulation, is to coordinate the interests between the regulator and the regulation of the main beneficiaries of agricultural transgenic technology application is the key of social regulation. In the government, producers and consumers of the three side dynamic game in the consumer plays a supervisory role better. With the increase of consumer concern, supervision regulation is enhanced, the producers of "Rent-seeking" effectively reduced. (5) effective The regulation means and good regulation effect can improve the public awareness of transgenic technology and application of the public perception, which in turn will social regulation application of agricultural transgenic technology. The effects of transgenic technology in cognitive behavior have a significant positive impact on social regulation, consumer's perceived level of social regulation of the standardized path coefficient is 0.368. (6) government in the development and application of agricultural biotechnology regulation policy, should be combined with the main transgenic technology to the cognitive behavior and attitude, must be put into the main interests of the cognitive and behavioral considerations. (7) the key factors affecting the application of transgenic technology in social regulation, public revenue, profits, scientific research institutions, scientific research ability public access to information, government departments and technology commercialization degree. (8) the application of agricultural transgenic technology regulation and strict measures The social regulation performance of transgenic rice in China is relatively low. The comprehensive score of performance evaluation is 18.7. (9). The social regulation system to improve the application of agricultural transgenic technology can be considered from the aspects of social regulation legislation, social regulation principles and social regulation contents.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S188;D922.17

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