本文關(guān)鍵詞：長白山早春類短命植物生物與生態(tài)特性研究　出處：《東北師范大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 早春類短命植物 種群構(gòu)件 表型可塑性 生長與分配 地下芽形態(tài)發(fā)生 生理特征 異速生長

【摘要】：早春類短命植物是北溫帶落葉闊葉林與針闊混交林下的多年生地下芽植物,是林下草本植物層片及植物多樣性的重要組成,具有早春積雪融化之時迅速開花、結(jié)實,于林冠層郁閉時枯萎死亡,而后進入休眠的生活史特性。目前有關(guān)早春類短命植物的群落生態(tài)特征及區(qū)系分布研究報道較多,而有關(guān)種群構(gòu)件生長發(fā)育規(guī)律及夏眠期地下生長特征卻報道甚少。本文以長白山區(qū)四種早春類短命植物側(cè)金盞花、牡丹草、堇葉延胡索、豬牙花為研究對象,開展了生長季各種群構(gòu)件生長和分配特征、夏眠期地下芽發(fā)生形態(tài)學特征及生長發(fā)育節(jié)律,以及不同生長發(fā)育期生理特征等系統(tǒng)研究,獲得了長白山區(qū)四種早春類短命植物生長季種群生長策略及夏眠期地下生長發(fā)育規(guī)律等系列結(jié)果,為進一步探討早春類短命植物趨同適應(yīng)機理提供參考。其主要研究結(jié)果和結(jié)論如下:1.四種早春類短命植物種群構(gòu)件生長普遍存在較大的表型可塑性,其中,生物量的可塑性大于株高。繁殖構(gòu)件和貯藏構(gòu)件生物量與全株生物量之間及其與地上生物量之間普遍存在顯著(P0.05)或極顯著(P0.01)的線性函數(shù)正相關(guān)關(guān)系,個別生育期存在顯著(P0.05)或極顯著(P0.01)的冪函數(shù)或指數(shù)函數(shù)正相關(guān)關(guān)系。整個生育期各種群用于貯藏的生物量分配比重最大,側(cè)金盞花、牡丹草、堇葉延胡索、豬牙花依次為63.41%~68.71%、73.72%~84.88%、38.87%~54.24%、48.57%~64.87%;而用于有性生殖的分配比重甚小,依次為2.61~6.28%、3.22~8.36%、12.37~20.58%、3.04~8.41%。牡丹草、堇葉延胡索和豬牙花種群構(gòu)件生物量相對生長速率及生物量分配動態(tài)表現(xiàn)出相對一致的季節(jié)性變化,而側(cè)金盞花則表現(xiàn)出相對不同的的規(guī)律性。整個生育期各種群用于貯藏構(gòu)件的生物量分配變異較小,而用于繁殖構(gòu)件的生物量分配具有較高的可塑性。各種群貯藏器官用于下一生長季的生物量積累普遍在初果期或盛果期以后果實尚未快速發(fā)育之前開始的。2.四種早春類短命植物地下芽分化的時間進程存在不同步性。其中,側(cè)金盞花根莖4月中旬盛花期開始進行新根和芽的分化、地下芽的形態(tài)分化進程可分為芽鱗分化期、花原基分化期、萼片分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期和雌蕊分化期6個時期,整個分化歷經(jīng)3個月左右;豬牙花鱗莖在5月中下旬生育末期開始進行更新芽的分化,形態(tài)分化進程可分為葉片分化期、花原基分化期、花被分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期5個時期,整個分化過程持續(xù)1個半月左右;牡丹草和堇葉延胡索地上植株死亡后塊莖先進行2個月左右的休眠,于7月中下旬開始進行地下芽的分化,其分化進程可分為萌芽期、花序原基分化期、花序形成期、花器官分化期4個時期,整個分化階段歷經(jīng)2個月左右。四種早春類短命植物地下芽形態(tài)發(fā)生完成后,便進入地下生長發(fā)育階段,一直到土壤封凍前發(fā)育為成熟的花蕾或花序后進入越冬休眠。3.四種早春類短命植物地下芽生長發(fā)育具有一致的規(guī)律性,表現(xiàn)為芽長與芽徑之間呈極顯著(P0.01)的冪函數(shù)異速生長關(guān)系,整個地下生長階段芽長增長速率總是快于芽徑增長速率,但增長速率在不同發(fā)育時期存在不同步性,具有階段性優(yōu)先伸長或增徑的異速生長節(jié)律,芽體生長呈優(yōu)先伸長再徑向增粗的異速生長規(guī)律。早春類短命植物夏眠并不是防御逆境傷害的生理休眠,而是將生長轉(zhuǎn)于地下藉以逃避光資源競爭的“生態(tài)休眠”。4.四種早春類短命植物生長季地上部可溶性總糖、還原糖和淀粉含量的動態(tài)變化趨勢基本一致,表現(xiàn)為初花期含量較低,隨后逐漸上升,于果期含量維持在較高的水平。初花期植株地上部可溶性蛋白含量、SOD、POD活性及MDA含量均維持在較高的水平,體現(xiàn)了早春類短命植物對低溫防御的生理響應(yīng)。貯藏器官碳水化合物、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛含量及保護酶活性表現(xiàn)為側(cè)金盞花、牡丹草具有相對一致的規(guī)律,而豬牙花和堇葉延胡索變化規(guī)律相近。5.四種早春類短命植物夏眠期地下芽形態(tài)分化期間,貯藏器官可溶性總糖、蔗糖、可溶性蛋白含量及保護酶活性均維持在較高的水平;而葡萄糖、果糖、還原糖、淀粉含量則處于相對較低的水平。地下芽發(fā)育初期四種早春類短命植物貯藏器官可溶性總糖、蔗糖、可溶性蛋白含量及SOD、POD活性普遍維持在較低的水平;而發(fā)育后期隨著溫度的降低,其含量和活性逐漸升高,體現(xiàn)了早春類短命植物地下生長季貯藏器官生理特征具有相對一致的規(guī)律性變化。
[Abstract]:Spring Ephemerals are perennial geophyte north temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest, is an important component of herbaceous layer vegetation and species diversity in the forest, with early spring snow melt when rapid flowering and fruiting, on canopy canopy when death, but after entering the life history characteristics of dormancy. The Spring Ephemerals ecological community characteristics and flora distribution of many reports about population growth and dormancy component underground growth characteristics was reported rarely. This paper takes Changbai Mountain area four Spring Ephemerals a.amurensis, peony grass, violifolia Corydalis, spent as the research object, carry out the growing season of growth and distribution of various group members, during aestivation underground bud morphological characteristics and growth rhythm, and different growth characteristics of physiological system research, obtained Changbai Mountain district four Spring Ephemerals growing season population growth strategy and growth regularity of summer dormancy underground series of results, provide a reference for the further study of adaptation mechanism of Spring Ephemerals convergence. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1., four species of ephemeral plants in early spring generally have large phenotypic plasticity, and biomass plasticity is greater than plant height. Between the breeding component and biological storage components and whole plant biomass and aboveground biomass (P0.05) has significant or extremely significant (P0.01) linear function of positive correlation, significant individual growth period (P0.05) or (P0.01) a significant power function or exponential positive correlation. In the whole growth period of various groups for the biomass allocation proportion of maximum storage, Adonis, peony grass, Rhizoma Corydalis, erythronium violifolia were 63.41%~68.71%, 73.72%~84.88%, 38.87%~54.24%, 48.57%~64.87%; and for the distribution of the proportion of sexual reproduction is very small, are as follows: 2.61~ 6.28%, 3.22~8.36%, 12.37~20.58%, 3.04~8.41%. Peony grass, corydalis violifolia and tooth flower group member relative growth rate and biomass dynamics of biomass allocation showed seasonal changes relatively consistent, while a.amurensis showed relative regularity of different. In the whole growth period, the variation of biomass allocation for storage components is small, and the biomass allocation for reproductive components has high plasticity. The biomass accumulation of various group storage organs for the long season of the whole life was generally started before the early fruit period or the fruit period. 2. the time process of subterranean bud differentiation of four species of early spring short life plants is not synchrony. Among them, a.amurensis roots in mid April flowering began to root and bud differentiation, underground bud morphological differentiation process can be divided into bud differentiation stage, flower primordium differentiation phase, sepal differentiation phase, petal differentiation stage, stamen differentiation stage and pistil differentiation period of the 6 period, the differentiation after 3 months erythronium; bulb at the end of 5 months at the late growth stage began to bud differentiation and renewal, morphological differentiation process can be divided into differentiation stage, leaf primordium differentiation stage, flower differentiation stage, stamen differentiation stage and pistil differentiation period of the 5 period, the differentiation process lasted about 1 and a half months; Peony grass and ground plant Corydalis violifolia after the death of the first tuber dormancy for about 2 months, the differentiation began underground buds in the mid to late 7, the differentiation process can be divided into initial stage, inflorescence primordium differentiation phase, inflorescence formation stage and flower organ differentiation when 4 Period, the whole stage of differentiation lasted about 2 months. Four kinds of Spring Ephemerals underground bud morphogenesis is completed, will enter the underground growth stage, until the development of dormancy before soil freezing into mature buds or inflorescence after entering the winter. The growth of 3. four kinds of Spring Ephemerals underground buds have consistent regularity, as the length of bud and bud diameter was significant (P0.01) between the power function of the allometric relationship, the underground growth stages of bud length growth rate is always faster than the growth rate of bud diameter, but the growth rate in different growth period does not exist synchronicity is stage of preferential elongation or increase the diameter of the allometric growth rhythm, bud growth showed preferential elongation then radial thickening of the allometric growth law. Spring Ephemerals aestivation and physiological stress injury prevention is not dormant, but will change the growth in the underground ecological dormancy to escape from light resource competition "". The dynamic change trend of 4. four kinds of Spring Ephemerals growing season the total soluble sugar, reducing sugar and starch content is basically the same as at the early flowering stage was lower, then gradually increased, fruit period were maintained at a high level. Early flowering plant soluble protein content, SOD, POD activity and MDA content were maintained at a high level, reflects the response of Spring Ephemerals on low temperature physiological defense. The storage organs of carbohydrate, soluble protein, MDA content and protective enzyme activity showed herba-adonis-amurensis, peony grass has a relatively uniform rules, and rules violifolia erythronium japonicum and similar changes of corydalis. During the 5. four Spring Ephemerals dormancy bud morphological differentiation of underground storage organs, total soluble sugar, sucrose, soluble protein content and protective enzyme activity were maintained at a higher level; while glucose and fructose, reducing sugar and starch content at a relatively low level. Underground bud four early Spring Ephemerals storage organ of total soluble sugar, sucrose, soluble protein content and SOD, POD activity is generally maintained at a relatively low level; and at a later stage of development with the decrease of temperature, the content and activity gradually increased, reflecting the growth characteristics of Spring Ephemerals underground storage organ physiology have regular season the change of relative consistency.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：Q948

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