【摘要】：聚變包層以低活化鋼、釩合金作為主要候選結(jié)構(gòu)材料,然而這兩種材料均存在高氫同位素滲透、滯留的缺點(diǎn)。氫同位素在包層結(jié)構(gòu)材料中的滲透滯留問題直接關(guān)系到聚變堆的經(jīng)濟(jì)性與安全性并影響了氚自持的可行性。本論文主要借助氣體驅(qū)動滲透設(shè)備(GDP)與熱脫附譜儀(TDS),獲得了 CLF-1鋼在服役溫度下的氫同位素滲透滯留參數(shù),并進(jìn)一步面向?qū)嶋H工況,結(jié)合高能重離子輻照裝置、直線等離子體源裝置以及多種微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、成分表征手段,針對包括高能中子輻照、阻氚涂層、等離子體暴露在內(nèi)的服役環(huán)境因素對氫同位素輸運(yùn)的影響,系統(tǒng)研究了氫同位素在包層結(jié)構(gòu)材料中的滲透滯留行為。首先,獲得了中國ITER TBM結(jié)構(gòu)材料CLF-1鋼在其服役溫度下的氘滲透參數(shù),并借助3.5MeV氦離子輻照,研究了輻照損傷對氘滲透滯留行為的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示CLF-1鋼具有與國外F82H、EUROFER97鋼接近的基本滲透參數(shù)。低劑量的氦離子輻照對氘在CLF-1鋼中的滲透率與擴(kuò)散系數(shù)影響極小,高劑量的氦離子輻照會降低氘滲透率、擴(kuò)散系數(shù)并大大提高氘滯留總量。本研究既可以豐富CLF-1鋼的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)庫,又可以為ITER及CFETR氚輸運(yùn)分析提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。其次,基于HTUPS鋼的文獻(xiàn)及實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),提出了 Fe-Cr-Al鐵素體鋼作為阻氚涂層材料的可能,并對其熱氧化及氘滲透行為進(jìn)行了表征。經(jīng)過90小時800℃空氣氛圍熱氧化,Fe-Cr-Al表面生成了一層150nm-450nm厚以Al2O3為主要成分的氧化層,氧化層中發(fā)現(xiàn)了 α-Al203的存在。GDP測試結(jié)果顯示氘滲透率相比CLF-1鋼低2-3個數(shù)量級。為了考核輻照對熱氧化Fe-Cr-Al鐵素體鋼的氘滲透行為的影響,利用高能金離子在氧化層中引入了輻照損傷。正電子湮沒測試顯示空位型缺陷的密度隨輻照劑量的增加而增大。GDP測試結(jié)果顯示在服役溫度范圍內(nèi),不同劑量的輻照損傷導(dǎo)致了氘滲透率的不同程度的上升。本研究為新型阻氚涂層的開發(fā)提供了參考,同時輻照損傷對于阻氚涂層材料氘滲透率的影響的研究填補(bǔ)了國內(nèi)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的空白。最后,借助MAPES平臺研究了 EAST氘等離子體暴露下F82H鋼、V-5Cr-5Ti氘的滯留行為,并將包層不同設(shè)計概念中鎢鎧甲的添加與否考慮進(jìn)來,對其影響進(jìn)行了表征;借助直線等離子體源研究了氦等離子體暴露對F82H鋼表面微觀組織的影響及隨之對氫滯留行為的影響。在經(jīng)歷EAST氘等離子體轟擊后,F82H鋼的脫附譜出現(xiàn)了 4個釋放峰,與之前的文獻(xiàn)中利用離子注入、氣氛暴露等氫同位素注入后的TDS譜圖差別極大;經(jīng)歷同等的等離子體暴露條件后,V-4Cr-4Ti中的氘滯留量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于F82H鋼;帶涂層的F82H鋼、V-5Cr-5Ti合金表面均出現(xiàn)了大面積的剝落,且V-5Cr-5Ti合金表面更為嚴(yán)重,未剝落的區(qū)域,涂層與基體界面出現(xiàn)大量的鼓包;添加了薄鎢層的樣品的F82H鋼、V-5Cr-5Ti的氘滯留總量比裸樣品低。在經(jīng)歷氦等離子體輻照后,F82H鋼表面出現(xiàn)了一系列的奇異形貌,如迷宮狀密布的富鎢須狀結(jié)構(gòu)、密布的納米級針孔以及截面上不同尺寸的空洞等,對其產(chǎn)生機(jī)理進(jìn)行了探究,并研究了氦等離子體暴露對氫滯留的影響。本研究對裸包層結(jié)構(gòu)材料作為包層面向等離子體材料進(jìn)行了評估,并實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了鎢與包層結(jié)構(gòu)材料界面為氫同位素聚集區(qū)域,相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)可以為聚變堆包層第一壁的設(shè)計提供參考。另外,氫同位素滯留數(shù)據(jù),特別是經(jīng)過托卡馬克大裝置暴露后的數(shù)據(jù),豐富了聚變堆包層結(jié)構(gòu)材料的性能數(shù)據(jù)庫。
[Abstract]:The fusion cladding is used as the main candidate structural material with low activation steel and metal alloy, however, the two materials have the disadvantages of high hydrogen isotope permeation and retention. The penetration and retention of the hydrogen isotope in the cladding structure material is directly related to the economy and the safety of the fusion reactor and the feasibility of the tritium self-holding. By means of the gas-driven osmotic engine (GDP) and the thermal desorption spectrometer (TDS), the hydrogen isotope permeation retention parameters of the CLF-1 steel at the service temperature are obtained, and the high-energy heavy ion irradiation device is combined with the practical working conditions. the invention relates to a linear plasma source device and a plurality of micro-structures and component characterization means, which are used for the influence of service environmental factors including high-energy neutron irradiation, tritium coating and plasma exposure on the hydrogen isotope transport, The penetration retention behavior of the hydrogen isotope in the cladding structure is studied. First, the penetration parameters of the CLF-1 steel of the ITER TBM structure in China are obtained, and the influence of the irradiation damage on the penetration retention behavior of the CLF-1 steel is studied by means of the 3.5 MeV helium ion irradiation. The experimental results show that the CLF-1 steel has the basic penetration parameters close to the foreign F82H and EUROF97 steel. The low dose of helium ion irradiation has little effect on the permeability and diffusion coefficient in the CLF-1 steel. This study can enrich the basic database of CLF-1 steel, and can provide basic data for ITER and CFETR tritium transport analysis. Secondly, based on the literature and experimental data of HTUPS steel, the possibility of Fe-Cr-Al ferrite steel as the material of tritium-resistant coating was put forward, and its thermal oxidation and penetration behavior were characterized. On the surface of Fe-Cr-Al, an oxide layer of 150-450 nm and Al2O3 as the main component was formed on the surface of Fe-Cr-Al by thermal oxidation of an air atmosphere of 800 鈩，

本文編號：2505324