發(fā)布時間：2019-06-09 19:53

【摘要】：大體積燃料空氣混合物爆轟基礎(chǔ)問題,是當前安全科學與工程學科研究的重點和難點。大體積燃料空氣混合物爆轟不但是煤礦、石化等民用工業(yè)重大爆炸事故災害的主要形式,同時也是國防工業(yè)云霧爆轟武器研究的重點內(nèi)容。將大體積裝藥分解為若干局部的組合,是當前解決大體積云霧爆轟問題的主要途徑。利用云霧爆轟實驗系統(tǒng)和有限元數(shù)值計算方法,本文開展了由90°角扇形局部裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)的云霧形成、云霧爆轟,以及由4個局部組成大體積裝藥的多點云霧爆轟相互作用的特性研究,主要研究成果有:(1)利用實驗與數(shù)值計算方法,研究了扇形裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)在軸對稱拋撒藥爆轟驅(qū)動下燃料拋撒過程。取扇形圓弧中垂線向外為0°方向,并分別按逆時針旋轉(zhuǎn)90°、135°和180°作為4個特征方向。結(jié)果表明:在軸對稱荷載下殼體在0°方向最先出現(xiàn)破裂,最晚為135°方向;二者時間差約為100μs;在燃料分散300ms時刻,4個特征方向燃料拋撒半徑與等效圓柱體裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)實驗值之比分別為0.59、0.96、1.35和1.12。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了云霧體積計算模型,并進一步分析了拋撒藥的類型、裝藥位置以及刻槽條件對殼體動態(tài)響應與燃料初始狀態(tài)的影響。(2)在扇形裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)的燃料拋撒基礎(chǔ)上,研究了燃料空氣混合物的爆轟特性。結(jié)果表明:在4個特征方向上云霧爆轟的峰值超壓、正壓作用時間和比沖量具有顯著差異,在距離云霧中心8m處的峰值超壓與等效圓柱體裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)實驗值之比存在最大比值,為0.89:0.43:1.68:0.54;正壓作用時間在15m處存在最大比值,為0.98:1.62:0.85:1.64;比沖量在20m處存在最大比值,為0.68:1.0:0.7:1.56。結(jié)合多物質(zhì)組分模型對扇形裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)云霧爆轟超壓場進行數(shù)值計算,得到了豎直橫截面超壓場分布和地面等超壓線及其面積。(3)基于高速攝像與壓力傳感器實驗系統(tǒng),研究了放置于“十”字對稱方向、距離中心22m處的4個扇形裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)的云霧爆轟相互作用特性。結(jié)果表明:在0°方向、距離中心點5m處由4點云霧爆轟相互作用產(chǎn)生的峰值超壓為0.17MPa,正壓作用時間為19.9ms,比沖量為0.87MPa·ms,與單點爆轟具有明顯區(qū)別。在實驗結(jié)果基礎(chǔ)上,進行了4點云霧間距對爆轟超壓場影響的數(shù)值研究。發(fā)現(xiàn)了中心區(qū)域豎直方向4m處的峰值超壓為1.78MPa,是單點云霧爆轟相同位置峰值超壓的4.9倍。本文針對單個扇形裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)條件下的云霧形成和爆轟,以及由4個扇形裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)組成的大體積裝藥多點云霧爆轟相互作用特性研究,是大體積云霧爆轟研究的基礎(chǔ);取得的研究結(jié)果對工業(yè)重大爆炸事故的預防與控制,以及大體積裝藥云爆武器發(fā)展具有理論指導意義。
[Abstract]:The detonation foundation of mass fuel-air mixture is the focus and difficulty of safety science and engineering at present. Mass fuel air mixture detonation is not only the main form of major explosion disasters in coal mines, petrochemical and other civil industries, but also the key content of cloud detonation weapons in national defense industry. Decomposing mass charge into several local combinations is the main way to solve the problem of mass cloud detonation at present. By using the cloud detonation experimental system and the finite element numerical calculation method, the cloud fog formation and fog detonation of 90 擄angle fan shaped local charge structure are carried out in this paper. And the characteristics of multi-point cloud detonation interaction composed of four local bulk charges are studied. the main results are as follows: (1) using experimental and numerical calculation methods, The fuel throwing process of sector charge structure driven by axisymmetric charge detonation was studied. The vertical direction of the sector arc is 0 擄, and 90 擄, 135 擄and 180 擄are rotated counterclockwise as the four characteristic directions. The results show that the shell breaks first in the direction of 0 擄and 135 擄at the latest under axisymmetric load, and the time difference between the two is about 100 渭 s. At the time of fuel dispersion 300ms, the ratios of fuel throwing radius to equivalent cylinder charge structure in four characteristic directions are 0.59, 0.96, 1.35 and 1.12, respectively. On this basis, the calculation model of cloud volume is put forward, and the type of throwing medicine is further analyzed. The effects of charge position and grooving conditions on the dynamic response of the shell and the initial state of the fuel. (2) on the basis of the fuel throwing of the sector charge structure, the detonation characteristics of the fuel-air mixture are studied. The results show that the peak overpressure, positive pressure action time and specific impulse of cloud detonation in four characteristic directions are significantly different, and there is a maximum ratio of peak overpressure at 8m from the center of cloud fog to the experimental value of equivalent cylinder charge structure. 0.89 鈮，

本文編號：2495853