本文選題：智能井 + 數(shù)據(jù)采集��； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著油氣勘探開發(fā)范圍不斷擴(kuò)大,油藏開采環(huán)境日趨復(fù)雜,水平井、大位移井、多分支井等特殊結(jié)構(gòu)井的應(yīng)用日益廣泛,用以提高開采效率和產(chǎn)量。如何優(yōu)化這些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)井的完井方式和生產(chǎn)管理過程已經(jīng)成為我國油氣生產(chǎn)中急需解決的問題。然而傳統(tǒng)的完井方式和生產(chǎn)管理模式已經(jīng)不能滿足特殊結(jié)構(gòu)井在生產(chǎn)管理與優(yōu)化方面的需要。近些年來出現(xiàn)的智能井系統(tǒng)及相關(guān)技術(shù)的研究與發(fā)展為這一問題提供了解決思路,逐漸改變了油氣井的生產(chǎn)管理模式。目前,國外多家油公司已相繼研制出各自的智能井系統(tǒng)并投入油田使用,而國內(nèi)尚無自主研制的智能井系統(tǒng)。本文正是在這一背景下,在課題組前期研究的基礎(chǔ)上,從智能井井下數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理和工程應(yīng)用三方面展開深入的理論與技術(shù)研究,并在理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)了智能井井下數(shù)據(jù)采集與處理分析軟件平臺。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1.以三層段水平井為目標(biāo),完成智能井井下數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計,并提出兩套詳細(xì)設(shè)計方案。一套是完全引進(jìn)方案,采用斯倫貝謝或哈里伯頓兩家公司的設(shè)備,根據(jù)完井結(jié)構(gòu)的具體情況,對系統(tǒng)設(shè)備和關(guān)鍵測量組件進(jìn)行配套選型;另一套是自主研制方案,自主完成井口 PDG模塊單元、井口裝置、信號傳輸通道、PDG測量裝置和安裝托筒等關(guān)鍵部件的詳細(xì)設(shè)計。2.針對目前智能井井下壓力監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)處理方法的不足,提出了一套完整、高效、精準(zhǔn)的數(shù)據(jù)處理方法,即提出采用基于Hampel估計的中值數(shù)絕對偏差決策濾波法對PDG壓力數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行異常值消除;采用小波分析進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)降噪,利用正交試驗原則優(yōu)選小波閾值降噪的條件組合,解決了小波閾值降噪?yún)?shù)選擇的盲目性;運用壓力導(dǎo)數(shù)法進(jìn)行壓力的不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)識別;根據(jù)識別出的不同壓力變化階段,以壓力閾值為主、時間閾值為輔的策略進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)精簡,在有效保留斷點的同時提高了壓縮比。3.以流體力學(xué)為理論基礎(chǔ),以智能井模擬系統(tǒng)實驗平臺為實驗基礎(chǔ),研究層段控制閥流入動態(tài)模型,分析流體通過閥孔附近的流動形態(tài),建立經(jīng)層段控制閥控制后的流量與閥孔內(nèi)外壓差的關(guān)系式;通過引入綜合流量系數(shù)與ICV開度的關(guān)系,提出利用ICV開度和PDG壓力進(jìn)行分層流量計算的方法。4.以油藏在短時間范圍內(nèi)是一個線性系統(tǒng)為假設(shè)前提,運用不穩(wěn)定試井解釋理論和產(chǎn)量疊加原理,提出在未知油藏模型和其它參數(shù)的情況下,利用PDG壓力監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)和累計產(chǎn)量進(jìn)行流量歷史重建的新方法。5.在未知儲層其它參數(shù)的情況下,以支持向量機(jī)回歸理論和方法為基礎(chǔ),運用移動窗口技術(shù)實時更新訓(xùn)練集樣本數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)最新的PDG數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行動態(tài)建模,實現(xiàn)流量和壓力數(shù)據(jù)的滾動預(yù)測。6.以流體力學(xué)數(shù)值模擬實驗為基礎(chǔ),研究水平井不同位置見水后各層段環(huán)空與油管的壓力變化規(guī)律,提出利用PDG壓力監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行水平井水侵時間和位置監(jiān)測的新方法。7.在上述基本理論和實現(xiàn)方法研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了智能井井下數(shù)據(jù)采集與處理分析系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)框架和主要功能設(shè)計。并利用Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 2003實現(xiàn)了以PDG數(shù)據(jù)為核心,以井站、基地和企業(yè)三級應(yīng)用模式,按數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理和工程應(yīng)用為主線的智能井井下數(shù)據(jù)管理應(yīng)用軟件平臺�？傊�,本文以智能井井下數(shù)據(jù)為中心,著重研究了井下數(shù)據(jù)采集、處理與分析的基本理論和實現(xiàn)方法,針對PDG數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理、分層流量計算與歷史重建、產(chǎn)量和壓力預(yù)測等關(guān)鍵問題進(jìn)行了深入探討,構(gòu)建并開發(fā)了智能井井下數(shù)據(jù)采集與處理分析軟件平臺。為解決智能井井下數(shù)據(jù)實時監(jiān)測、管理、處理與分析等智能井關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題提出了技術(shù)上可實現(xiàn)的有效方法,這對于推進(jìn)國內(nèi)智能井技術(shù)的研究與發(fā)展,提高油氣生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)管理的科學(xué)性,制定生產(chǎn)決策的準(zhǔn)確性,降低生產(chǎn)成本,真正實現(xiàn)智能油井乃至智能油田具有重要的理論意義和應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of the oil and gas exploration and development range and the increasingly complex mining environment, the application of special structural wells, such as horizontal well, large displacement well and multi branch well, is increasingly widely used to improve the production efficiency and production. How to optimize the completion mode and production management process of these special structural wells has become an urgent need to be solved in oil and gas production in China. However, the traditional well completion mode and production management model have not met the needs of the production management and optimization of the special well. The research and development of the intelligent well system and related technology in recent years has provided a solution for this problem, and gradually changed the production management mode of the oil and gas wells. Home oil company has developed its own intelligent well system and put into the oil field, but there is no self-developed intelligent well system at home. This paper is on the basis of this background, on the basis of the previous research of the project group, from three aspects of data acquisition, data processing and engineering should be carried out in-depth theoretical and technical research. The software platform for data acquisition and processing of intelligent wells is developed on the basis of theoretical research. The main contents are as follows: 1. the overall design of the underground data acquisition system for intelligent wells is completed with three layers of horizontal wells as the target, and two sets of detailed design schemes are put forward. The equipment of the two companies, according to the concrete condition of completion structure, carries out matching selection of the system equipment and key measurement components; the other is the independent development scheme, the detailed design of the key components, such as the well head PDG module unit, the wellhead device, the signal transmission channel, the PDG measuring device and the installation support tube, is designed for the current intelligent well underground. A complete, efficient and accurate data processing method is proposed, which is to eliminate the abnormal value of the PDG pressure data by using the median absolute deviation decision filtering method based on Hampel estimation, using the wavelet analysis to reduce the noise and optimize the wavelet threshold de-noising by using the orthogonal test principle. The condition combination solves the blindness of the selection of the wavelet threshold noise reduction parameters, and uses the pressure derivative method to identify the unstable state of the pressure. According to the different stages of pressure change identified, the data is reduced by the strategy of pressure threshold and time threshold supplemented, and the compression ratio.3. is improved to flow strength while retaining the breakpoint effectively. On the basis of theory, based on the experimental platform of intelligent well simulation system, this paper studies the flow of control valves into the dynamic model, analyzes the flow pattern of fluid through the valve hole, and establishes the relationship between the flow of the control valve and the pressure difference inside and outside the valve hole, and puts forward the use of IC by introducing the relationship between the comprehensive flow coefficient and the ICV opening. The method of calculating the stratified flow of V opening and PDG pressure.4. is a hypothesis precondition for a linear system in a short time range. Using the theory of unstable well test interpretation and the principle of output superposition, the historical reconstruction of the flow of flow with PDG pressure monitoring data and accumulative output is proposed in the case of the unknown reservoir model and other parameters. On the basis of support vector machine regression theory and method, the new method.5. is based on support vector machine regression theory and method, using mobile window technology to update training set sample data in real time, dynamically modeling according to the latest PDG data, and realizing the rolling prediction.6. of flow and pressure data based on the hydrodynamic numerical simulation experiment. A new method of using PDG pressure monitoring data to carry out water invasion time and location monitoring of horizontal wells is proposed by using PDG pressure monitoring data. Based on the study of the basic theory and implementation methods, the overall structural framework of the underground data acquisition and processing analysis system for intelligent wells is proposed. And the main function design. And using Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 2003, the application software platform of intelligent well downhole data management, which takes PDG data as the core, well station, base and enterprise three level application mode, according to data collection, data processing and engineering application, is realized. In a word, this paper focuses on the underground data of intelligent well and focuses on the research. The basic theory and realization method of downhole data collection, processing and analysis are discussed. The key problems such as PDG data collection, data processing, stratified flow calculation and historical reconstruction, production and pressure prediction are deeply discussed, and a software platform for underground data acquisition and processing analysis of intelligent wells is constructed and developed to solve underground data of intelligent wells. The key technical problems of intelligent wells, such as real-time monitoring, management, processing and analysis, are put forward in this paper. This is an effective method to realize the key technical problems of intelligent wells, which can promote the research and development of the domestic intelligent well technology, improve the scientific nature of the data management of oil and gas production, make the accuracy of the production decision, reduce the production cost, and truly realize the intelligent oil well and even the intelligent oil field. It has important theoretical significance and application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE937

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