本文選題：高海拔環(huán)境 + 著火特性�。� 參考：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：燃燒是受流動、傳熱傳質(zhì)和化學(xué)反應(yīng)控制的極其復(fù)雜的物理化學(xué)過程。燃燒過程會不同程度地受到外部環(huán)境條件的影響,尤其是外部環(huán)境壓力和氧氣濃度,對燃燒的影響極大。而在我國廣闊的高原地區(qū),特別是中印邊界,其較高的海拔高度造成了低壓、低氧(主要指氧氣密度)、低溫的獨特環(huán)境條件。這種環(huán)境條件的差異將會導(dǎo)致燃料在這些地區(qū)獨特的著火和燃燒特性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著海拔高度的增加,不斷降低的環(huán)境壓力會使燃料的火災(zāi)危險性顯著提高,同時在燃燒時發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的燃燒衰減現(xiàn)象。一個典型實例是高原燃燒爐在實際應(yīng)用過程中會出現(xiàn)諸如點火難、燃燒效率低、燃燒不充分、炭煙生成量高、燃燒不穩(wěn)定等諸多問題。這些問題嚴(yán)重制約著高原能源利用效率,在軍事和民用的眾多方面造成了嚴(yán)重的資源浪費和技術(shù)難題。因此,研究高海拔低壓低氧環(huán)境條件下燃料的著火和燃燒特性,不僅事關(guān)高原地區(qū)的火災(zāi)安全防控,而且對提高高原地區(qū)的能源利用效率具有重要意義。本文以高原常用的-35#柴油(多組分復(fù)雜燃料的代表)為研究對象,依托青藏高原天然的海拔高度差,優(yōu)選包括合肥在內(nèi)的6個不同海拔高度的地區(qū)(合肥(50m)、西寧(2270m)、格爾木(2830m)、拉薩(3650m)、羊八井(4300m)、沱沱河(4780 m))開展實地的著火和燃燒實驗,采用實地實驗、數(shù)值模擬及理論分析等研究手段,將燃料基礎(chǔ)著火及燃燒特性研究,燃料的高原燃燒強化研究與燃燒器優(yōu)化設(shè)計有機結(jié)合。具體內(nèi)容概括如下:研究主要分別兩部分:第一部分為燃料高原著火特性研究;第二部分是燃料的高原燃燒特性及燃燒強化研究。著火特性的研究方面分為兩步,首先關(guān)注液態(tài)燃料的閃點隨海拔高度(壓力)的變化規(guī)律及其預(yù)測模型的建立。利用全自動閉口閃點測定儀,通過實地實驗,揭示了液體燃料的閃點隨海拔高度升高而呈現(xiàn)非線性降低的變化規(guī)律。進(jìn)而以 Clausius-Clapeyron 方程和 Le Chatelier's flammability rule 為基礎(chǔ),建立 了兩種閃點預(yù)測模型,這兩種模型能夠準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測單一組分燃料和復(fù)雜多組分燃料在不同海拔高度的閃點值。之后,我們利用FDS 6.0對燃料的氣相著火過程進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究,通過對PMMA熱解著火過程中的對流熱損失、氣體擴(kuò)散系數(shù)、熱解氣層厚度以及熱解氣層濃度梯度等通過實驗難以測量的參數(shù)的研究,深入探究壓力對燃料著火過程的影響機制。燃燒特性及燃燒強化方面,主要探究高海拔低壓低氧環(huán)境對燃料燃燒的削弱作用,同時提出兩種可能的燃燒強化方法:一是通過火旋風(fēng)改變?nèi)紵隣t的燃燒形式的方法來進(jìn)行燃燒強化。通過對比火旋風(fēng)和池火的燃燒特性,如燃燒速率、熱釋放速率、燃燒效率以及火焰溫度等,對火旋風(fēng)的燃燒強化的效果進(jìn)行量化。二是通過使用過氧化物添加劑改變?nèi)剂咸匦缘姆椒ㄟM(jìn)行燃料的著火和燃燒強化。通過對比實驗研究添加劑含量對著火和燃燒強化效果的影響,并對其著火和燃燒強化效果進(jìn)行量化。獲得的實驗數(shù)據(jù)為新型火旋風(fēng)高原燃燒爐的設(shè)計和制造提供理論依據(jù)。最終,在燃料高原著火特性和燃燒特性的實驗和理論研究基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合高原燃燒強化方法的研究,設(shè)計新型火旋風(fēng)高原燃燒器,通過實地測試和改進(jìn),針對性的解決現(xiàn)有高原炊事燃燒器實際應(yīng)用中出現(xiàn)的點燃難、燃燒效率低、能源利用率低、炭煙生成量高、燃燒不穩(wěn)定、設(shè)備故障率高等問題。
[Abstract]:The combustion is affected by flow, extremely complex physical and chemical process of heat and mass transfer and chemical reaction control. The influence of the combustion process in different degrees by the external environment, especially the external pressure and oxygen concentration, great effect on combustion. In the plateau region of our country broad, especially India, its high the altitude caused by low pressure, hypoxia (mainly oxygen density), unique environmental conditions at low temperature. This will lead to differences of environmental conditions in these areas unique fuel ignition and combustion characteristics. The study found that, along with the altitude increasing, decreasing the environmental pressure will make the fire risk of fuel increased significantly, at the same time the occurrence of serious burning in the combustion of attenuation phenomenon. A typical example is the plateau combustion furnace will appear such as ignition difficult in the actual application process, low combustion efficiency, combustion is not sufficient, carbon Smoke generation, combustion instability and other problems. These problems restrict the high energy efficiency, resulting in waste of resources and serious technical problems in many aspects of military and civilian. Therefore, the combustion and ignition characteristics of high altitude conditions under hypobarichypoxicconditions fuel, not only related to fire safety prevention and control in plateau area moreover, it has important significance to improve the efficiency of energy utilization in plateau area. The plateau used -35# (on behalf of diesel fuel complex multi-component) as the research object, based on the natural elevation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau height difference, preferably including Hefei, 6 different altitude regions (Hefei, Xining ((50m) 2270m), Golmud (2830m), Lhasa (3650m), Yangbajing (4300m), Tuotuohe (4780 m)) to carry out field ignition and combustion experiments, using the field experiment, the research means of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the Study on ignition characteristics and combustion of fuel, fuel combustion burner plateau to strengthen research and optimization design of organic combination. The specific contents are summarized as follows: To study the main two parts: the first part is the fuel ignition characteristics of the plateau; the second part is the study of combustion characteristics of fuel and combustion enhancement. On the plateau combustion characteristics is divided into two steps. Focus first on liquid fuel flash point with altitude (pressure) to establish the rules and prediction model. By using automatic closed flash point tester, through field experiments, reveals the liquid fuel flash point with the increase of altitude variation and nonlinear decreases. Then the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Le Chatelier's flammability rule as the foundation, set up the two flash point prediction model, the two model can accurately predict the single component and multicomponent gas fuel The material in different altitude flash point value. After that, we use FDS 6 for fuel gas ignition process is simulated, by burning the convective heat loss in the process of PMMA pyrolysis, gas diffusion coefficient, the thickness of gas reservoir and Study on pyrolysis pyrolysis parameters by concentration gradient experiments is difficult to measure, in-depth exploration of the the mechanism of ignition process pressure on fuel. Combustion characteristics and combustion enhancement, mainly to explore the high altitude hypobaric hypoxia on the weakening effect of fuel combustion, and proposes two kinds of possible combustion enhancement methods: one is through the fire whirlwind combustion furnace combustion method change form to combustion enhancement. Through the contrast and combustion characteristics of fire whirl pool fire, such as burning rate, heat release rate, combustion efficiency, flame temperature, to quantify the fire whirl combustion enhancement effect. The two is the Method of changing fuel properties with peroxide additives for ignition and combustion enhancement of fuel. By comparing the experimental study of additive content on ignition and combustion enhancement effect, and the ignition and combustion enhancement effect was quantified. The experimental data provide a theoretical basis for the new type of cyclone combustion fire plateau design and manufacture of furnace. In the end, the fuel ignition characteristics and combustion characteristics of the plateau based on the experiments and theoretical studies, combined with the research methods of combustion enhancement plateau, design of a new type of fire whirlwind plateau burner, through field test and improvement, solve the existing plateau cooking burner used in the ignition difficult, low combustion efficiency, low energy utilization, carbon smoke generation of high combustion instability, high rate of equipment failure.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ038.1

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陸繼東;王玲玲;盧志民;易新建;;印尼煤摻混煙煤著火特性的熱重實驗研究[J];華南理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2009年07期

2 沙興中,龔志云,李文,孫惠,徐貫一;加壓下煤著火特性的測定[J];煤氣與熱力;1991年02期

3 李文,沙興中,孫惠,高晉生;加壓下煤的著火特性的研究 Ⅰ.著火特性的影響因素[J];燃料化學(xué)學(xué)報;1991年04期

4 李文,沙興中,孫惠,高晉生;加壓下煤的著火特性的研究 Ⅱ.煤及煤焦性質(zhì)的影響[J];燃料化學(xué)學(xué)報;1991年04期

5 胡文斌,楊海瑞,呂俊復(fù),岳光溪,張建勝;煤著火特性的熱重分析研究[J];電站系統(tǒng)工程;2005年02期

6 武增華，許玲，陳忠周，胡鑫堯;催化劑對煤著火特性影響規(guī)律的計算機輔助研究（Ⅰ）堿金屬、堿土金屬鹽對煤的催化著火規(guī)律[J];計算機與應(yīng)用化學(xué);1996年04期

7 魏礫宏;李潤東;李愛民;李延吉;姜秀民;;超細(xì)煤粉著火特性的熱重分析[J];煤炭學(xué)報;2008年11期

8 解鳳霞;張丹;張欣欣;;非等溫動力學(xué)研究煤的著火特性[J];煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化;2012年02期

9 陸偉群;房鼎業(yè);楊智勇;;石油焦與油頁巖混合燃料流化床的著火特性[J];華東理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2010年03期

10 龔景松;陸奇志;何裕昆;樸英;;煤液化油的蒸發(fā)與著火特性[J];燃燒科學(xué)與技術(shù);2014年01期

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 紀(jì)Z孼，

本文編號：1767515