本文選題：海底 + 功耗��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：海洋地磁場(chǎng)測(cè)量是海洋地球物理方法的重要組成部分,從星載、機(jī)載、船載、海面拖曳到近海底磁測(cè),對(duì)海洋磁測(cè)的精度和分辨率要求越來(lái)越高。隨著量子測(cè)量技術(shù)、MEMS器件技術(shù)和深海密封技術(shù)在各自領(lǐng)域的飛速發(fā)展,設(shè)計(jì)一種集成度高、功耗低、兼顧測(cè)量精度與工程適應(yīng)性的海底磁力儀成為可能。海洋磁力儀從機(jī)制上主要分為兩大類。一類是測(cè)量精度高,可適用與地磁場(chǎng)基準(zhǔn)值絕對(duì)測(cè)量的標(biāo)量磁力儀,一類是可測(cè)量地磁場(chǎng)在正交三軸上的分量投影值,工程適應(yīng)度高的矢量磁力儀。受限于體積、功耗、電路復(fù)雜度等限制,而較難實(shí)現(xiàn)兩種磁力儀的一體化設(shè)計(jì)。本文針對(duì)以上情況,創(chuàng)新性地提出了基于銣光泵絕對(duì)磁測(cè)技術(shù)與磁通門矢量磁測(cè)技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)一種優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)的一體化雙模磁力儀,并在本體磁性現(xiàn)場(chǎng)校正、地理三分量直讀輸出等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)上展開(kāi)了深入研究。從系統(tǒng)整體設(shè)計(jì)、銣光泵小氣室設(shè)計(jì)、集成化電路設(shè)計(jì)出發(fā),實(shí)現(xiàn)了小型化、低功耗的海底雙模磁力儀研制開(kāi)發(fā)。結(jié)合工程應(yīng)用需求,在功能設(shè)計(jì)上考慮了標(biāo)量磁測(cè)與矢量磁測(cè)兩種模式的優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ),減小了標(biāo)量磁測(cè)的初始掃頻時(shí)間,減少了標(biāo)量磁測(cè)的數(shù)據(jù)丟失幾率,提高了矢量磁測(cè)的絕對(duì)精度,實(shí)現(xiàn)了地磁總場(chǎng)與地磁矢量場(chǎng)的同時(shí)測(cè)量。針對(duì)磁力儀在搭載過(guò)程中易受到搭載本體鐵磁性材料的干擾這一技術(shù)難點(diǎn),在現(xiàn)有各種磁校正算法的比較與分析基礎(chǔ)上,提出并實(shí)現(xiàn)了 一種基于擬牛頓迭代和粒子群優(yōu)化的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)校正算法。通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)算法進(jìn)行了評(píng)估,并通過(guò)湖試和海試驗(yàn)證了算法的有效性。與杭州地磁臺(tái)站的高精度標(biāo)量磁力儀和矢量磁力儀進(jìn)行比測(cè),考核了本文所研制磁力儀的技術(shù)指標(biāo)。結(jié)合海底雙模磁力儀的應(yīng)用特點(diǎn),搭載“潛龍二號(hào)”水下機(jī)器人,分別在千島湖和中國(guó)南海進(jìn)行了湖試與海試,驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)的海底磁力巡測(cè)能力;搭載舟山摘箬山島附近的海底觀測(cè)試驗(yàn)網(wǎng),驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)的海底長(zhǎng)期地磁監(jiān)測(cè)能力。地磁三分量數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)于海底地質(zhì)調(diào)查的磁反演具有重要價(jià)值,但需將磁力儀在儀器坐標(biāo)系下的三分量變換到地理坐標(biāo)系下。本文提出并設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種內(nèi)置于磁力儀的慣性測(cè)量單元,可實(shí)時(shí)提供磁力儀在水下的三維姿態(tài)矩陣,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)地磁矢量在地理坐標(biāo)系下的三分量數(shù)據(jù)直讀輸出。
[Abstract]:Marine geomagnetic field measurement is an important part of marine geophysical methods. From spaceborne, airborne, shipborne, sea surface towing to near-seabed magnetic survey, the accuracy and resolution of marine magnetic measurement are more and more demanding.With the rapid development of quantum measurement technology MEMS device technology and deep-sea seal technology in their respective fields it is possible to design a submarine magnetometer with high integration low power consumption and both measurement accuracy and engineering adaptability.Marine magnetometers are divided into two main categories from the mechanism.One is a scalar magnetometer with high measurement accuracy, which is suitable for absolute measurement with the geomagnetic reference value, the other is a vector magnetometer which can measure the component projection value of the geomagnetic field on the orthogonal triaxial axis and has high engineering fitness.Because of the limitation of volume, power consumption and circuit complexity, it is difficult to realize the integrated design of two magnetometers.In this paper, based on the absolute magnetic measurement technology of rubidium optical pump and flux gate vector magnetic measurement technology, an integrated dual-mode magnetometer with complementary advantages is designed and realized.The key technologies of three-component direct reading and output of geography have been deeply studied.Based on the whole design of the system, the design of rubidium light pump gas chamber and the design of integrated circuit, the development of a miniaturized and low power consumption submarine dual-mode magnetometer is realized.According to the requirements of engineering application, the complementary advantages of scalar magnetic measurement and vector magnetic measurement are considered in the functional design, the initial sweep time of scalar magnetic measurement is reduced, and the probability of data loss of scalar magnetic measurement is reduced.The absolute precision of vector magnetic measurement is improved and the simultaneous measurement of geomagnetic total field and geomagnetic vector field is realized.In view of the technical difficulty that magnetometer is liable to be interfered by ferromagnetic material during loading, based on the comparison and analysis of all kinds of magnetic correction algorithms,A field correction algorithm based on quasi Newton iteration and particle swarm optimization is proposed and implemented.The algorithm is evaluated by measured data, and the validity of the algorithm is verified by lake test and sea trial.Compared with the high precision scalar magnetometer and vector magnetometer of Hangzhou geomagnetic station, the technical indexes of the magnetometer developed in this paper are evaluated.Combined with the application characteristics of the submarine dual-mode magnetometer, the underwater vehicle "Dianlong 2" was carried out in Qiandao Lake and the South China Sea, respectively, to verify the submarine magnetic survey capability of the system.The long-term geomagnetic monitoring capability of the system is verified by carrying the submarine observation test network near Zhoushan Zailushan Island.The geomagnetic three component data is of great value for the magnetic inversion of submarine geological survey, but it is necessary to transform the three components of magnetometer in the instrument coordinate system to the geographical coordinate system.In this paper, a kind of inertial measurement unit built into magnetometer is proposed and implemented, which can provide the three-dimensional attitude matrix of magnetometer underwater in real time, and realize the direct reading output of geomagnetic vector in geographical coordinate system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH766

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