本文關(guān)鍵詞：露天礦復(fù)合邊坡形成和變形失穩(wěn)機(jī)理及關(guān)鍵因素優(yōu)化研究　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 復(fù)合邊坡穩(wěn)定 變形 應(yīng)力 軟弱層 排土場

【摘要】：本文對露天礦復(fù)合邊坡的形成與變形機(jī)理進(jìn)行了研究。邊坡變形主要由巖體自重的豎向作用和堆載引起的附加荷載效應(yīng)引起。研究認(rèn)為,露天開采過程中開挖堆載引起的不平衡應(yīng)力和位移是影響露天礦產(chǎn)資源安全開采的關(guān)鍵。根據(jù)復(fù)合邊坡的形成特點(diǎn),開采深度的不斷增大和外排高度的協(xié)同增加造成復(fù)合邊坡結(jié)構(gòu)一直處于動態(tài)發(fā)展的過程。復(fù)合邊坡的時(shí)效穩(wěn)定性是影響露天礦安全生產(chǎn)的重要條件,因此,在采場開挖和外排堆載的工程計(jì)劃基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合所有的因素建立復(fù)合邊坡角計(jì)算公式,根據(jù)排土場堆載高度建立附加荷載計(jì)算公式,并對排土場堆載之后產(chǎn)生的主動楔排在復(fù)合邊坡深度上的分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行了建模分析。從分析結(jié)果可以看出,復(fù)合邊坡的整體角度由排土場高度、開采深度和外排位置這幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)決定,并且在外排附加荷載產(chǎn)生的主動壓力楔的滑移面逐漸偏轉(zhuǎn)至邊坡的邊緣。通過分析和數(shù)值模擬,進(jìn)一步建立了露天礦邊坡荷載條件和幾何參數(shù)對復(fù)合邊坡應(yīng)力場和安全系數(shù)的影響關(guān)系。數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明,增大邊坡開挖深度和角度會導(dǎo)致復(fù)合邊坡的地質(zhì)應(yīng)力場應(yīng)力增加,外排堆載造成的邊坡沉降量增大和外排安全范圍減小。數(shù)值模擬分析的過程中突出了外排堆載位置對于邊坡穩(wěn)定性影響的敏感性,在采用極限平衡法進(jìn)行二維分析的時(shí)候經(jīng)常被忽略的外排堆載產(chǎn)生的附加應(yīng)力。通過理論分析建立了復(fù)合邊坡關(guān)鍵幾何參數(shù)對安全系數(shù)的影響規(guī)律。這些關(guān)鍵參數(shù)間的相互作用和耦合效應(yīng)對復(fù)合邊坡的穩(wěn)定性的影響極為顯著,合理的參數(shù)選取可以提高邊坡的安全系數(shù),如果選擇不當(dāng)則會大大降低邊坡的安全系數(shù)。從分析結(jié)果可以看出,單獨(dú)增大邊坡高度和角度所形成的復(fù)合邊坡穩(wěn)定性比同時(shí)增大邊坡高度和角度時(shí)的穩(wěn)定系數(shù)要高。采場邊坡角和開挖深度與排土場堆載產(chǎn)生的耦合作用會進(jìn)一步降低邊坡安全系數(shù),但合理的進(jìn)行排土場位置選擇會進(jìn)一步提高邊坡穩(wěn)定性。造成這種現(xiàn)象的主要原因有降低排土場高度、增大排土場與采場的距離可以有效的降低排土場下部應(yīng)力楔的大小,并且拉長滑移面的長度。此外,結(jié)果表明還表明,排土場堆載位置增大對于復(fù)合邊坡安全系數(shù)的提升機(jī)理在于增長了潛在最危險(xiǎn)滑動面和應(yīng)力楔的面積。因此,排土場邊坡的位置在復(fù)合邊坡形成的過程中,對于提高其穩(wěn)定性起著直觀重要的作用。反復(fù)開挖和排棄導(dǎo)致軟弱層內(nèi)部應(yīng)力重新分布,形成不均衡載荷,從而加劇了軟弱層的變形和破壞。論文根據(jù)軟弱層的力學(xué)模型和強(qiáng)度參數(shù),通過數(shù)值模擬確定軟弱層角和厚度對軟巖邊坡的影響,進(jìn)而揭示軟弱層對軟巖邊坡發(fā)育的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,軟弱層傾角和厚度是影響邊坡穩(wěn)定性的關(guān)鍵因素。在弱層影響規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,對勝利露天煤礦的排土條件進(jìn)行了綜合分析,并在數(shù)值模擬的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)分析不同排土位置復(fù)合邊坡的穩(wěn)定系數(shù),得出排土邊緣距采場的臨界安全距離。該研究對于了解復(fù)合邊坡關(guān)鍵幾何參數(shù)對露天礦邊坡安全系數(shù)和應(yīng)力場的影響具有指導(dǎo)作用。論文形成的科學(xué)高效的復(fù)合邊坡參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)理論和方法,對降低露天礦開采成本,提高生產(chǎn)安全性具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the formation and deformation mechanism of the composite slope in the open pit is studied. The deformation of the slope is mainly caused by the vertical action of the weight of the rock mass and the additional load effect caused by the loading of the pile. It is considered that the unbalance stress and displacement caused by the excavation in the process of open pit mining is the key to the safety mining of the mineral resources in the open pit. According to the characteristics of composite slope, the increasing of mining depth and the increase of discharge height cause the composite slope structure to be in a dynamic developing process. The time stability of composite slope are important factors that affect safety production of open-pit mine, therefore, in stope excavation and pile foundation project efflux load, combining all the factors in the establishment of composite slope angle formula, according to the dump height to establish additional load calculation formula, and the distribution of active wedge after the dump load in the depth of the composite slope were analyzed. From the analysis results, we can see that the overall angle of the composite slope is determined by several key parameters, such as the height of the dump, the depth of mining and the location of the discharge, and the slip surface of the active pressure wedge produced by the additional load is gradually deflected to the edge of the slope. Through the analysis and numerical simulation, the influence of the load conditions and geometric parameters on the stress field and safety factor of the composite slope is further established. The numerical simulation results show that increasing the excavation depth and angle of the slope will lead to the increase of the stress field of the composite stress field, and the increase of the slope settlement and the safety range of the discharge. In the process of numerical simulation, the sensitivity of efflux loading location to the stability of slope is highlighted, and the additional stress generated by outboard surcharge is often neglected when the limit equilibrium method is used for two-dimensional analysis. Through theoretical analysis, the influence of the key geometric parameters of the composite slope on the safety factor is established. The interaction and coupling effects of these key parameters on the stability of the composite slope are very significant. Reasonable parameter selection can improve the safety factor of the slope. If improper selection, it will greatly reduce the safety factor of the slope. It can be seen from the analysis results that the stability of composite slope increased by increasing the height and angle of the slope alone is higher than the increase of the slope height and angle. The coupling effect between the slope angle and the excavation depth and the dump load will further reduce the safety factor of the slope, but a reasonable selection of the location of the dump will further improve the slope stability. The main reason for this phenomenon is to reduce the height of dump and increase the distance between the dump and the stope, which can effectively reduce the size of the stress wedge below the dump and lengthen the length of the slip surface. In addition, the results also show that the increase of the loading location of the dump increases the area of the most dangerous sliding surface and the stress wedge for the safety factor of the composite slope. Therefore, the position of the slope of the dump field plays an important role in improving the stability of the compound slope in the process of the formation of the compound slope. Repeated excavation and discarding lead to the redistribution of stress in the weak layer, and the uneven load is formed, which aggravates the deformation and damage of the weak layer. According to the mechanical model and strength parameters of soft layer, the influence of soft layer angle and thickness on soft rock slope is determined by numerical simulation, and the influence rule of soft layer on the development of soft rock slope is revealed. The results show that the inclination and thickness of the weak layer are the key factors affecting the stability of the slope. Based on the influence law of the weak layer, the comprehensive analysis of the discharge conditions of Shengli open-pit coal mine is carried out. Based on the numerical simulation, the critical safety distance of the dump edge to the stope is obtained based on the analysis of the stability coefficient of the composite slope at different discharge locations. The study has a guiding role in understanding the impact of the key geometric parameters of the composite slope on the safety factor and the stress field of the open pit slope. The scientific and efficient design theory and method of composite slope parameters are of great significance to reduce the cost of open pit mining and improve the safety of production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD824.7

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