本文關(guān)鍵詞：有機(jī)肥顆粒熱風(fēng)干燥工藝及裝備研究　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 有機(jī)肥 轉(zhuǎn)筒干燥 離散元 組合式抄板 停留時(shí)間

【摘要】：施用有機(jī)肥作為解決目前我國土地板結(jié)、肥力下降等問題的有效手段,已始在大部分地區(qū)推廣使用。但商品有機(jī)肥加工過程中干燥環(huán)節(jié)存在技術(shù)落后、工藝陳舊、能耗高、產(chǎn)量低等諸多問題,嚴(yán)重制約我國有機(jī)肥產(chǎn)業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。為優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)工藝、創(chuàng)新生產(chǎn)設(shè)備,論文通過試驗(yàn)研究與仿真分析相結(jié)合的方式系統(tǒng)研究了有機(jī)肥顆粒的物理特性和熱特性,提出了三回程轉(zhuǎn)筒熱風(fēng)干燥工藝方法。針對該工藝中存在的關(guān)鍵問題,設(shè)計(jì)了組合式抄板實(shí)現(xiàn)有機(jī)肥顆粒在轉(zhuǎn)筒中筒逆重力方向流動(dòng),進(jìn)行了生產(chǎn)樣機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與制造,通過試驗(yàn)確定了該種工藝下,樣機(jī)的主要性能參數(shù)。選取張家口沃豐農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司生產(chǎn)的有機(jī)肥顆粒作為原料進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),確定了有機(jī)肥顆粒的滾動(dòng)摩擦系數(shù)與含水率的關(guān)系,不同含水率下顆粒的彈性恢復(fù)系數(shù)和最大靜摩擦系數(shù);探究了有機(jī)肥顆粒水分在不同溫度和不同厚度的顆粒薄層干燥過程中的變化規(guī)律,匹配了最優(yōu)干燥模型,得到有機(jī)肥顆粒干燥的活化能。通過COMSOL揭示有機(jī)肥顆粒干燥過程中內(nèi)部水分變化情況,直觀反映了有機(jī)肥分層失水的全過程。根據(jù)傾斜布置的三回程有機(jī)肥干燥轉(zhuǎn)筒的工藝要求和顆粒在筒間的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,在設(shè)備中筒內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)了一種沿筒內(nèi)壁面螺旋安裝的組合式抄板;組合抄板可以使顆粒離開每一枚抄板后都獲得一定動(dòng)能,經(jīng)過一系列抄板的接力,實(shí)現(xiàn)顆粒在中筒內(nèi)逆重力方向的"爬坡"上升,完善顆粒在三層筒體間流動(dòng)的過程。選擇直角舉升式抄板作為內(nèi)筒抄板,保證顆粒拋灑的均勻度,增加顆粒與熱介質(zhì)的接觸面積,保證顆粒在內(nèi)筒的快速失水。通過EDEM仿真分析中筒內(nèi)組合式抄板結(jié)構(gòu)對顆粒在筒內(nèi)停留時(shí)間的影響,確定了轉(zhuǎn)筒轉(zhuǎn)速、轉(zhuǎn)筒傾角和組合式抄板平面滑板角與停留時(shí)間的影響關(guān)系;研究了轉(zhuǎn)筒傾角和平面滑板角對停留時(shí)間影響的顯著性,對比試驗(yàn)臺(tái)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果得到以上兩因素與停留時(shí)間的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系,經(jīng)過計(jì)算確定樣機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)所用組合式抄板平面滑板角度為140°。計(jì)算得到三層筒體的設(shè)計(jì)尺寸為:內(nèi)筒筒徑0.70 m,內(nèi)筒筒長5.5 m;中筒筒徑1.10m,中筒筒長6 m;外筒筒徑1.6 m,外筒筒長6.5 m;水分蒸發(fā)量為642.86 kg/h,進(jìn)口濕物料質(zhì)量3642.85 kg/h,絕干有機(jī)肥質(zhì)量2550 kg/h,所需總熱量2605977.04 kJ,所需空氣流量11443.3 1m3/h;根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)筒的布置方式和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了一體化的支撐系統(tǒng),其中有高強(qiáng)度擋輪、專用托輪和外盤鏈條式驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng);根據(jù)相應(yīng)國標(biāo)制定了設(shè)備的試驗(yàn)大綱,計(jì)算該設(shè)備穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下降水幅度12.906%,干燥能力0.414 t/h,小時(shí)水分蒸發(fā)量460 kg/h,單位耗熱量5033 kJ/kg,生產(chǎn)率為2155 kg/h。
[Abstract]:The application of organic fertilizer as an effective means to solve the problems of land consolidation and fertility decline in China has been popularized in most areas. However, there are many problems in the drying process of commercial organic fertilizer, such as backward technology, outdated technology, high energy consumption and low yield, which seriously restrict the further development of organic fertilizer industry in China. In order to optimize the production process and innovate the production equipment, the physical and thermal characteristics of organic fertilizer granules were systematically studied through experimental research and simulation analysis. A three way return cylinder hot air drying process was put forward. Aiming at the key problems in the process, a combined panel is designed to realize the movement of organic fertilizer particles in the reverse gravity direction of the drum, and the prototype is designed and manufactured. The main performance parameters of the prototype are determined through experiments. Zhangjiakou Wofeng selection of agricultural science and technology limited production of organic fertilizer particles as a raw material for the test, to determine the relationship between rolling friction coefficient and water content of organic fertilizer granules under different moisture content, particle restitution coefficient and maximum static friction coefficient; explores the changes of organic fertilizer granules in different water temperature and different thickness of the layer of particles in the drying process, the optimal drying model, organic fertilizer particle drying to obtain the activation energy. The changes of internal moisture in the drying process of organic manure were revealed by COMSOL, which directly reflected the whole process of the stratified water loss of organic manure. According to the law of motion of an inclined three return organic fertilizer drying drum process requirements and particles in the cylinder between the cylinder in the device design of a wall mounted along the spiral type of copy board copy board; combination can obtain certain kinetic energy the particles leave each one copy board, after a series of copy board relay, particles in the cylinder inverse direction of gravity "Climbing" up, improve particle flow in the three layer between the cylinder body. Choose the right lifting cylinder as the copy board copy board, to ensure the uniformity of particles shed, increase the contact area and heat medium particles, particles of the inner cylinder to ensure rapid water loss. Through EDEM simulation analysis of cylinder combination type baffle structure influences the particle residence time in the barrel, effects of rotor speed, rotor angle and plane plate combined angle and the residence time of the copy board determined the relationship; on the rotary angle and plane angle on the slide significantly influence the residence time. The mathematical relationship between the above two factors and the residence time of the contrast test results, through the calculation to determine the prototype design for angle combined copy board plane is 140 DEG skateboard. The design of size three cylinders is calculated: the inner cylinder of 0.70 m in diameter, the inner cylinder length of 5.5 m; the middle cylinder diameter 1.10M, length of 6 m in the cylinder; the outer cylinder diameter of 1.6 m, an outer tube length of 6.5 m; the evaporation capacity is 642.86 kg/h, the import of wet material quality 3642.85 kg/h, the quality of organic fertilizer 2550 kg/h, total calories 2605977.04 kJ, required air flow of 11443.3 1m3/h; according to the arrangement of the rotary drum and the operating characteristics of the integrated design support system, which has high strength, special roller wheel and outer chain drive system; according to the corresponding standard test set the outline of equipment, calculation of the stable operation of the equipment state decreased water rate of 12.906%, the drying capacity of 0.414 t/h hours, the water evaporation of 460 kg/h, 5033 kJ/kg unit energy consumption, productivity is 2155 kg/h.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ440.6

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