發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-10 10:59

【摘要】：乳化液被譽(yù)為井下支護(hù)設(shè)備的血液,在煤礦中有著重要作用。乳化液濃度是影響其使用性能的關(guān)鍵因素,因此需要對(duì)配制乳化液的濃度進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確控制。傳統(tǒng)的乳化液手動(dòng)法配比和機(jī)械配比法由于配比精度低,操作復(fù)雜等缺點(diǎn)已被逐漸淘汰,現(xiàn)多用自動(dòng)配液的方式。自動(dòng)配液系統(tǒng)主要有雙缸定比配液系統(tǒng)、自力式自動(dòng)配比系統(tǒng)、單片機(jī)控制配液系統(tǒng)以及PLC控制配液系統(tǒng)。雙缸定比配液系統(tǒng)由于缺少傳感器,無法對(duì)系統(tǒng)的配比濃度進(jìn)行監(jiān)控;而自力式自動(dòng)配比系統(tǒng)由于井下風(fēng)壓、水壓不穩(wěn)定,配比精度無法保障;單片機(jī)控制的自動(dòng)配液系統(tǒng)多為開環(huán)控制;而PLC控制的自動(dòng)配液系統(tǒng)由于濃度傳感器在使用過程易受污染影響精度,故設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)不用濃度傳感器直接測(cè)量,而采用液位傳感器的方式對(duì)乳化液濃度進(jìn)行間接測(cè)量,實(shí)質(zhì)上乳化液充分混合后,濃度傳感器在清潔的情況下對(duì)系統(tǒng)乳化液濃度的精度把控遠(yuǎn)高于液位傳感器,因此自動(dòng)配液系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)需解決乳化液充分混合以及濃度傳感器污染的問題。基于以上問題,本文對(duì)乳化液自動(dòng)配比系統(tǒng)做了以下幾方面的研究。首先對(duì)配液裝置整體進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),配液裝置集乳化液箱和乳化油箱于一體,且為了整體美觀,將各類執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)和傳感器都嵌于配液裝置內(nèi)部,各類器件在箱體內(nèi)部都通過鋼管走線并匯總到接線盒內(nèi),配液裝置整體結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、簡(jiǎn)潔、美觀。同時(shí)對(duì)配液裝置進(jìn)行了壁厚優(yōu)化,在滿足使用條件的基礎(chǔ)上使箱體輕量化,節(jié)省成本的同時(shí)減少井下工人勞動(dòng)量。接著對(duì)乳化液混合起關(guān)鍵作用的攪拌器進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,比較圓盤式四直葉渦輪攪拌器、圓盤式45°渦輪攪拌器以及開式45°渦輪攪拌器完成配液的混合時(shí)間和能量消耗,結(jié)果表明開式45°渦輪攪拌器作用下,液箱體內(nèi)部湍流強(qiáng)度最為均勻,混合完成時(shí)間最短以及混合消耗能量最少。同時(shí)就攪拌器的不同安裝高度對(duì)乳化液混合的影響進(jìn)行了數(shù)值分析,當(dāng)槳葉距底高度為250mm時(shí),乳化液整體混合完成所需時(shí)間最短。其次就濃度傳感器的堵塞問題進(jìn)行了探究,不同安裝位置以及箱體堵板不同的開孔形式在攪拌器的剪切作用下,都不足以對(duì)濃度傳感器起到?jīng)_洗的作用,故需要設(shè)置沖洗裝置進(jìn)行傳感器的清洗。通過對(duì)比不同噴嘴的軸向速度分布以及傳感器感光元件壁面的動(dòng)壓和打擊力,得出角型噴嘴形成的壁面動(dòng)壓和打擊力最大,并在入口直徑為8mm、收縮角α為13°、出口直徑d為4mm、出口擴(kuò)散角β為20°以及入口壓力為3MPa的參數(shù)條件下對(duì)濃度傳感器起到良好沖洗效果的結(jié)論。最后設(shè)計(jì)了基于濃度傳感器直接測(cè)量的自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng),完成了相應(yīng)程序編寫和畫面組態(tài)。系統(tǒng)經(jīng)地面試驗(yàn)和實(shí)際井下運(yùn)行驗(yàn)證均取得良好的效果。
[Abstract]:Emulsion is regarded as the blood of underground support equipment and plays an important role in coal mine. The concentration of emulsion is the key factor affecting its performance, so it is necessary to control the concentration of emulsion accurately. The traditional emulsion manual and mechanical proportioning methods have been gradually eliminated because of their low precision and complicated operation. The automatic liquid distribution system mainly consists of two cylinder fixed ratio distribution system, the self-powered automatic matching system, the single-chip microcomputer control liquid distribution system and the PLC control liquid distribution system. Due to the lack of sensors, the system can not monitor the concentration of the system, while the automatic matching system can not guarantee the precision because of the underground wind pressure, the water pressure is unstable and the matching precision can not be guaranteed. The automatic liquid distribution system controlled by single chip microcomputer is mostly open-loop control, and the automatic liquid distribution system controlled by PLC is designed without the direct measurement of concentration sensor because the concentration sensor is easily affected by pollution in the process of use. The emulsion concentration is indirectly measured by the liquid level sensor. In fact, after the emulsion is fully mixed, the concentration sensor controls the accuracy of the system emulsion concentration much higher than the liquid level sensor under the condition of cleaning. Therefore, the improvement of automatic liquid distribution system needs to solve the problems of sufficient mixing of emulsion and contamination of concentration sensor. Based on the above problems, this paper has done the following research on the emulsion automatic proportioning system. First of all, the whole liquid distribution device is designed. The liquid distribution device integrates the emulsion tank and the emulsified oil tank, and for the sake of overall beauty, all kinds of actuators and sensors are embedded in the liquid dispensing device. All kinds of devices are connected to the junction box through the steel pipe inside the box. The whole structure of the distribution device is compact, simple and beautiful. At the same time, the wall thickness of the liquid distribution device is optimized, which makes the box body lightweight on the basis of satisfying the operating conditions, saves the cost and reduces the labor quantity of the underground workers. Then, the mixing time and energy consumption of the four straight blade turbine agitator, the 45 擄disk turbine agitator and the open 45 擄turbine agitator are compared by numerical simulation of the agitator, which plays a key role in the emulsion mixing, and the energy consumption is compared between the four straight blade agitators, the disk 45 擄turbine agitators and the open 45 擄turbine agitators. The results show that under the action of open 45 擄turbine agitator, the turbulence intensity in the liquid tank is the most uniform, the mixing completion time is the shortest and the mixing energy consumption is the least. At the same time, the effect of different installation heights of agitator on the emulsion mixing is analyzed numerically. When the blade height is 250mm, the whole emulsion mixing takes the shortest time. Secondly, the clogging problem of the concentration sensor is explored. The different installation positions and the different opening forms of the box block plate are not enough to wash the concentration sensor under the shear action of the agitator. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a washing device to clean the sensor. By comparing the axial velocity distribution of different nozzles and the dynamic pressure and impact force of the sensor wall, it is concluded that the wall dynamic pressure and impact force formed by the angular nozzle is the largest. When the inlet diameter is 8 mm, the contraction angle 偽 is 13 擄, the outlet diameter is 4 mm, the outlet diffusion angle 尾 is 20 擄and the inlet pressure is 3MPa, a good washing effect is obtained for the concentration sensor. Finally, the automatic control system based on the direct measurement of concentration sensor is designed, and the corresponding program and picture configuration are completed. The system has been tested on the ground and proved to be effective in underground operation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD350.4

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