【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代科技的不斷進步和人類生活水平的逐步提高,制造和生產(chǎn)企業(yè)以及人類日常生活所造成的水污染現(xiàn)象也日趨嚴(yán)重,其中含油廢水是人類水資源的主要污染源之一。而另一方面,油液中如果含有水會導(dǎo)致其乳化渾濁,粘稠度增加會加重對設(shè)備的腐蝕。因此無論是在生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護,還是水資源的回收與再利用,我們都需要探索出更加有效的技術(shù)手段對油水混合物進行有效的分離。而膜分離技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)為油水混合物的分離提供了一種新的思路。本文通過采用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)粉末與氧化鋁平板陶瓷膜在氮氣的氛圍里進行高溫?zé)Y(jié)改性的方式,制備了有較高疏水性的陶瓷復(fù)合膜。通過膜表面潤濕性能測試結(jié)果可知,水接觸角高達148°。通過紅外光譜(FTIR)、X射線光電子能譜(XPS)、熱重分析(TG)和膜孔徑變化可知,具有疏水特性的陶瓷復(fù)合膜上有氟化層的存在。通過掃描電鏡(SEM)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)改性后的疏水陶瓷復(fù)合膜上有明顯的顆粒狀物質(zhì)出現(xiàn),而原陶瓷膜表面非常光滑。將疏水陶瓷膜浸泡在油相中24h后,其接觸角僅下降7°,說明其具有良好的穩(wěn)定性,能夠較好的應(yīng)用于油水分離實驗。本文考察了操作壓力和水含量對疏水陶瓷復(fù)合膜油水分離性能的影響。增大操作壓力或減小混合液中的水含量都可以增加膜的滲透通量。疏水陶瓷復(fù)合膜最佳的制備工藝條件為:燒結(jié)溫度為400℃,燒結(jié)時間為7h,升溫速率為4℃/min。此條件下制備的陶瓷復(fù)合膜在操作壓力為0.1MPa,水含量為1%時,滲透通量最大,初始通量達12.85Kg/(m2·h),水截留率高達98.42%。本文又以多巴胺(DA)和聚乙烯亞胺(PEI)為改性單體,通過控制兩者的反應(yīng)時間比例對多孔氧化鋁陶瓷膜進行疏油改性,成功的制備出水下具有超疏油特性的疏油陶瓷復(fù)合膜。通過水下油接觸角測試可知,改性后的疏油陶瓷復(fù)合膜在水下呈現(xiàn)出超疏油特性。通過紅外光譜、X射線光電子能譜可知,具有水下超疏油特性的疏油陶瓷復(fù)合膜上有多巴胺和聚乙烯亞胺官能團的存在。通過掃描電鏡分析發(fā)現(xiàn)改性后的疏油陶瓷復(fù)合膜上出現(xiàn)了非常多的小顆粒。通過改性后的疏油陶瓷復(fù)合膜孔徑的急劇變小可知,膜表面和孔內(nèi)部都覆蓋了大量的顆粒狀物質(zhì)。疏油陶瓷復(fù)合膜的油水分離性能受多巴胺與聚乙烯亞胺反應(yīng)時間比例的影響,膜孔徑隨著多巴胺和聚乙烯亞胺交聯(lián)時間比例的增加而下降,改性后陶瓷膜的滲透通量在下降,但油截留率在增加。隨著原液中油濃度的增加,其通量呈下降趨勢。綜上所述,疏油陶瓷復(fù)合膜的最佳制備工藝條件為:陶瓷膜在多巴胺溶液中反應(yīng)時間為24h,在聚乙烯亞胺溶液中反應(yīng)時間為8h,此條件下制備的疏油陶瓷復(fù)合膜在油質(zhì)量濃度為1%,操作壓力為0.1MPa時初始滲透通量達298Kg/(m2·h),油截留率高達98.7%。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of modern science and technology and the gradual improvement of human living standards, the water pollution caused by manufacturing and production enterprises and human daily life is becoming more and more serious, among which oily wastewater is one of the main sources of human water resources. On the other hand, if the oil contains water, it will cause emulsification and turbidity, and the increase of viscosity will aggravate the corrosion of the equipment. Therefore, whether in the protection of the ecological environment, or in the recovery and reuse of water resources, we need to explore more effective technical means for the effective separation of oil-water mixtures. The appearance of membrane separation technology provides a new idea for oil-water mixture separation. In this paper, the high hydrophobic ceramic composite membrane was prepared by high temperature sintering modification of PTFE (PTFE) powder and alumina flat ceramic membrane in nitrogen atmosphere. The results show that the water contact angle is 148 擄. By (FTIR) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),) thermogravimetric analysis of (TG) and pore size change of the membrane, it can be seen that there is a fluorinated layer on the ceramic composite film with hydrophobic properties. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SEM) showed that the surface of the modified hydrophobic ceramic composite film was very smooth, while the surface of the original ceramic membrane was very smooth. When the hydrophobic ceramic membrane was immersed in oil phase for 24 hours, the contact angle decreased only by 7 擄, which indicated that it had good stability and could be used in oil-water separation experiment. The effects of operation pressure and water content on oil / water separation properties of hydrophobic ceramic composite membrane were investigated. The permeation flux of the membrane can be increased by increasing the operating pressure or decreasing the water content in the mixture. The optimum preparation conditions of hydrophobic ceramic composite film are as follows: sintering temperature is 400 鈩，

本文編號：2175648