發(fā)布時間：2018-07-31 17:36

【摘要】：在城市生活垃圾進行二次利用之前,經(jīng)常會進行垃圾破碎預(yù)處理。在城市生活垃圾破碎機的設(shè)計制造和使用的過程中,主要考慮的因素有破碎效果、揚塵問題,以及振動問題。本文研究設(shè)計了一種新型雙軸偏軸可調(diào)速的城市生活垃圾破碎機,并利用實驗與數(shù)值模擬,對其破碎、揚塵抑制與振動特性進行了分析與優(yōu)化。以刀片轉(zhuǎn)速為研究對象,進行了單因素實驗,結(jié)果顯示刀片轉(zhuǎn)速對破碎后的顆粒粒徑有一定的影響。然后對破碎機進行了三因素(刀片距,軸距,轉(zhuǎn)速)三水平的正交試驗,結(jié)果表明低速破碎刀對物料的破碎效果較差;但隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的提升,小粒徑顆粒在破碎后產(chǎn)品中的占比先提升后降低�；谟嬎懔黧w力學(xué),對所設(shè)計的城市生活垃圾破碎機內(nèi)部的流場進行了模擬計算,研究分析揚塵抑制的方法。通過對不同工況下內(nèi)部流場云圖的分析,可知增大兩破碎刀軸的軸間距,或減小刀片的轉(zhuǎn)速可以減輕飛料現(xiàn)象。據(jù)此提出了偏軸破碎的優(yōu)化設(shè)計方案,并進行了建模和模擬計算。可知偏軸設(shè)計的城市生活垃圾破碎機能夠在盡量減輕入料口飛料現(xiàn)象的條件下,獲得較高的刀片轉(zhuǎn)速,同時偏軸設(shè)計的城市生活垃圾破碎機可使出料口處的物料能夠較為集中地從中間部分下料�；谟邢拊治隼碚搶Τ鞘猩罾扑闄C進行了模態(tài)分析,對其振動特性進行研究。通過分析,得出了破碎機前六階的固有頻率和振型;分析城市生活垃圾破碎機結(jié)構(gòu)強度較為薄弱的區(qū)域為出料口擋板,其在破碎機優(yōu)化后的轉(zhuǎn)速范圍內(nèi)有兩個共振頻率點;在刀片最優(yōu)轉(zhuǎn)速工作區(qū)域中,電機及破碎刀片具有兩組需要避免的轉(zhuǎn)速。
[Abstract]:Before the secondary utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW), garbage crushing and preprocessing are often carried out. In the process of design, manufacture and use of municipal solid waste crusher, the main factors considered are crushing effect, dust raising and vibration. In this paper, a new type of municipal solid waste crusher, which can adjust the speed of biaxial offset shaft, is designed. The characteristics of crushing, dust suppression and vibration are analyzed and optimized by experiment and numerical simulation. The single factor experiment was carried out with the blade speed as the research object. The results showed that the blade speed had a certain effect on the particle size after crushing. Then the orthogonal test of three factors (blade distance, wheelbase, rotational speed) was carried out on the crusher. The results showed that the low speed crusher had a poor crushing effect on the material, but with the increase of the speed, The fraction of small particle size in the broken product increased first and then decreased. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the flow field in the crusher of municipal solid waste (MSW) was simulated, and the method of dust suppression was studied and analyzed. Through the analysis of the cloud diagram of the internal flow field under different working conditions, it can be seen that increasing the axial spacing of the two broken tool shafts or reducing the speed of the blade can reduce the phenomenon of the flying material. Based on this, the optimal design scheme of shaft breaking is put forward, and the modeling and simulation are carried out. It can be seen that the urban domestic waste crusher designed on the skew shaft can obtain higher blade speed under the condition of minimizing the phenomenon of the inlet flying material. At the same time, the shaft design of the municipal solid waste crusher can make the materials at the outlet can be concentrated from the middle part of the material. Based on the theory of finite element analysis, the modal analysis and vibration characteristics of municipal solid waste crusher are studied. The natural frequency and vibration pattern of the first six steps of the crusher are obtained by analysis, and the region of the weak structure strength of the MSW crusher is the outlet baffle, which has two resonance frequency points in the optimized speed range of the crusher. In the optimal speed working area of the blade, the motor and the broken blade have two sets of rotational speed to avoid.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X799.3

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