本文選題：阻燃織物 + 熱行為�。� 參考：《中原工學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：阻燃織物是現(xiàn)代社會生活、生產(chǎn)安全的必備品之一。隨著科技的發(fā)展、新型阻燃紡織材料的開發(fā)及產(chǎn)業(yè)化的推進,阻燃紡織品的應(yīng)用已突破國防軍事領(lǐng)域,擴展到工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、交通運輸及家居生活等諸多領(lǐng)域。尤其在消防領(lǐng)域,阻燃紡織品的應(yīng)用能有效遏制火勢的蔓延,保障消防救援人員的作業(yè)安全,減輕熱災(zāi)害對生命、財產(chǎn)及環(huán)境等造成的危害。因此,提高阻燃織物的火場安全性及防護性,擴大阻燃織物的應(yīng)用范圍是減少火災(zāi)發(fā)生、降低火場危害的重要途徑。阻燃棉、芳砜綸與芳綸織物是我國已實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的三種消防用阻燃織物,研究這些織物的火場熱行為有助于開發(fā)新型服用阻燃面料,推動阻燃織物開發(fā)技術(shù)的“軍民融合”�；饒鲋兄饕獋鳠岱绞接袩醾鲗�(dǎo)、熱對流與熱輻射三種形式。阻燃織物在火場熱作用下表現(xiàn)出的熱行為主要包括:熱解、阻燃性、熱釋放、發(fā)煙性等火災(zāi)安全行為及熱防護、熱輻射參數(shù)、熱阻等防護性能的變化。本論文沿著織物火災(zāi)安全性能及熱防護性能兩項評價材料的火場熱行為指標展開對阻燃棉、芳砜綸、芳綸ⅢA三種阻燃織物進行研究。第一,從微觀與宏觀尺度研究織物火災(zāi)安全性。微觀方面,首先利用TG-FTIR研究了芳砜綸纖維的熱解動力學(xué)及熱解機制,結(jié)果表明芳砜綸纖維的熱降解過程分為干燥脫水、過渡、主要熱裂解、碳化四個階段,氮氣氛圍中初始分解溫度375℃左右,800℃的殘?zhí)柯嗜越?2%,熱穩(wěn)定性優(yōu)異,利用熱分析Friedman法、FWO法計算的活化能平均值為215.62 kJ/mol、194.65kJ/mol,結(jié)合Coats-Redfern法得出芳砜綸熱解過程最可能符合S2圓柱形對稱擴散機制;然后利用TG、激光顯微鏡微觀表征阻燃織物熱解前后的不同狀態(tài),結(jié)果表明63 kW/m2對流熱下暴露20s后阻燃棉織物熱解較為完全,芳砜綸、芳綸ⅢA織物只是部分程度的熱解,仍具有較好的穩(wěn)定性。宏觀方面,利用垂直燃燒、極限氧指數(shù)、錐形量熱儀、煙密度箱分別從阻燃性能、燃燒性能、生煙性等方面分析阻燃棉、芳砜綸、芳綸ⅢA三種織物的火場安全性,結(jié)果表明三種阻燃織物都具有較好的阻燃性,但阻燃棉遇熱質(zhì)量損失較大,芳砜綸遇熱收縮嚴重。25 kW/m2和50 kW/m2輻射熱流下,芳綸ⅢA火場安全性大于阻燃棉和芳砜綸;25 kW/m2輻射熱流下無焰模式時阻燃織物熱解緩慢,其產(chǎn)煙量均高于有焰模式時的產(chǎn)煙量。第二,研究熱解效應(yīng)對三種阻燃織物的隔熱防護性能及熱輻射屬性參數(shù)的影響。首先,采用FPT-30A火焰防護評價試驗機測試織物的對流熱防護性能,模擬了織物的熱解;然后,搭建RPP測試裝置測試芳砜綸、芳綸ⅢA織物遇火熱解前后熱防護性能的變化,結(jié)果顯示織物在熱解后較熱解前的熱防護能力下降,最高相對差為35.7%,隨著輻射熱流密度的上升,芳砜綸、芳綸織物熱解前后織物背面的溫度差值隨時間的變化規(guī)律總體呈現(xiàn)先陡急后趨于平緩的上升趨勢;隨后,采用傅里葉變換衰減全反射紅外光譜(ATR-FTIR)、紫外可見近紅外分光光度計研究了熱解后織物成分的變化以及反射率、透過率等光譜輻射參數(shù)的變化。結(jié)果表明三種阻燃織物經(jīng)63kW/m2對流熱熱解20s后,紅外譜圖的典型特征吸收峰已不太明顯,阻燃織物熱解后較熱解前的反射率、透過率均下降,吸收率上升,且熱解前后織物透過率的變化差值遠小于反射率的變化差值;最后,搭建熱輻射環(huán)境下織物熱阻測試裝置,研究低輻射熱流(5kW/m2)下不同熱解程度織物熱阻的變化規(guī)律,研究表明低輻射強度下,隨著熱解程度的增加,阻燃織物的熱阻降低,且熱解條件相同情況下,阻燃棉的熱阻最小,芳砜綸次之,芳綸ⅢA最大。
[Abstract]:Flame retardant fabric is one of the essential products of modern social life and production safety. With the development of science and technology, the development of new type of flame retardant textile materials and the promotion of industrialization, the application of flame retardant textiles has broken through the field of national defense and military, and expanded to industry, agriculture, transportation and home living, especially in fire fighting field. The application can effectively curb the spread of fire, ensure the safety of fire rescue workers, and reduce the damage caused by heat disaster to life, property and environment. Therefore, it is an important way to reduce fire and reduce the harm of fire field by increasing the safety and protection of fire retardant fabric. Sulfoxon and aramid fabrics are three fire-retardant fabrics for industrial production in China. The study of the thermal behavior of these fabrics is helpful to develop a new type of fire-retardant fabric and promote the "military and civilian integration" in the development of flame retardant fabric. The main heat transfer modes in the fire field are thermal conduction, heat convection and heat radiation, three forms of heat convection and heat radiation. The thermal behavior under the thermal action of the fire field mainly includes: pyrolysis, flame retardancy, heat release, smoke and other fire safety behaviors, thermal protection, thermal radiation parameters, thermal resistance and other protective properties. This paper launches flame retardant cotton, aramid fiber along the fire safety and thermal protection properties of two materials. Three kinds of flame-retardant fabric of aramid III A were studied. First, the fire safety of fabric was studied from microcosmic and macro scale. In the microcosmic aspect, the pyrolysis kinetics and pyrolysis mechanism of aramid fiber were studied by TG-FTIR. The thermal degradation process of Biao Mingfang sulfone fiber was divided into four stages: dry drying, transition, main pyrolysis and carbonization. The initial decomposition temperature of nitrogen atmosphere is about 375 C, the residual carbon rate at 800 C is still near 42%, and the thermal stability is excellent. The average value of activation energy calculated by FWO method is 215.62 kJ/mol, 194.65kJ/mol. The pyrolysis process of the polysulfone fiber is most likely to conform to the symmetric cylindrical symmetric diffusion mechanism by the combination of Coats-Redfern method, and then the TG, laser is used. Microscopically, the microscopically characterizing the different states of the flame retardant fabric before and after pyrolysis, the results show that the flame retardancy of the cotton fabric was completely pyrolyzed after exposure to 20s under 63 kW/m2 convective heat. The aramid fiber and the aramid III A fabric were only partially pyrolyzed and still had good stability. The fire field safety of three kinds of flame-retardant cotton, aramid and aramid III A were analyzed from flame retardancy, combustion performance and smoke production. The results showed that the three kinds of flame retardant fabrics all had good flame retardancy, but the heat loss of the flame retardant cotton was larger, the aramid fiber was hot shrinkage and severe.25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2 radiation heat flow, aramid III A fire field safety The whole nature is greater than the flame retardant cotton and polysulfone fiber; 25 kW/m2 radiation heat flow free flame retardant fabric has slow pyrolysis, and the smoke production is higher than that of the flame mode. Second, the effect of the pyrolysis effect on the thermal protection performance and the thermal radiation attribute parameters of the three kinds of flame retardant fabrics. First, the test machine is measured by the flame protection evaluation test machine. The thermal protection performance of the test fabric was simulated. Then, the RPP test device was built to test the changes of the thermal protection performance of aramid fiber and aramid III A fabric before and after the fire pyrolysis. The results showed that the thermal protection ability of the fabric decreased after pyrolysis, the maximum relative difference was 35.7%, with the increase of the radiation heat flux, aramid fiber, The variation of the temperature difference of the back of the fabric on the back of the aramid fabric before and after the pyrolysis of the aramid fabric presents a trend of first steepness and a gentle upward trend. Then, the Fourier transform attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) is used, and the UV visible near infrared spectrophotometer has studied the changes in the composition of the fabric after the pyrolysis, and the reflectance and transmittance of the fabric. The results showed that the typical characteristic absorption peaks of the three kinds of flame retardant fabrics were not obvious after thermal decomposition of the three kinds of flame retardant fabrics for 20s, and the transmittance of the flame retardant fabric decreased and the absorption rate increased after pyrolysis, and the difference value of the change of fabric penetration rate before and after pyrolysis was much less than the variation of the reflectance. Finally, the thermal resistance test device under the heat radiation environment was set up to study the change law of thermal resistance of the fabric with different pyrolysis degree under low radiation heat flux (5kW/m2). The study showed that the thermal resistance of the flame retardant fabric decreased with the increase of the low radiation intensity, and the thermal resistance of the flame retardant cotton was the least, the aramid fiber was the second and the aramid fiber under the same pyrolysis condition. III A is the largest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中原工學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TS101.923

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