黏土礦物對農(nóng)田重金屬Cd污染土壤修復(fù)效果研究
本文選題:黏土礦物 + 污染土壤; 參考:《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:目前,我國農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染形勢日趨嚴峻,其中鎘(Cd)污染最為普遍,尤其在城市與工礦區(qū)周邊。由于重金屬Cd具有遷移性強,易被植物吸收等特點,土壤Cd污染問題受到人們的廣泛關(guān)注。黏土礦物鈍化修復(fù)措施是治理農(nóng)田Cd污染土壤常用方法,正在得到越來越多的示范應(yīng)用,但黏土礦物修復(fù)Cd污染土壤的長期效果及多方面影響,是亟需關(guān)注和研究的問題。本研究分別以海泡石和凹凸棒石作為修復(fù)材料,通過外源添加Cd元素,對農(nóng)田重金屬Cd污染土壤進行鈍化修復(fù)盆栽試驗,研究兩種黏土礦物在不同比例施加量下,對玉米地上各部位Cd含量、土壤pH及有效態(tài)Cd含量等變化的影響,用以表征修復(fù)效果。同時設(shè)計土柱淋濾試驗,模擬不同頻率降雨量及降雨強度降水條件下,對施加不同比例海泡石處理土柱中土壤重金屬Cd隨徑流作用的遷移特征,分析淋濾液和土壤中pH、Cd全量及有效態(tài)Cd含量的變化規(guī)律,以研究其遷移特征。(1)在兩種土壤Cd污染水平下,從適宜作物生長和對作物毒害程度來看,施加海泡石比凹凸棒石對降低作物莖葉及籽粒中Cd含量的作用更有效,且成本較低。在兩種黏土礦物不同施加量條件下,均為土壤5mg kg~(-1)Cd濃度對玉米株高影響比2 mg kg~(-1)明顯,不同時期趨勢一致,而玉米生長各時期內(nèi),兩種黏土礦物對株高的影響,與施Cd水平有關(guān)。與未添加黏土礦物的對照組相比,按不同比例施加兩種黏土礦物均有不同程度提高作物的生物量,但未達到顯著水平。玉米植株地上各部位Cd含量均隨著土壤中Cd含量的增大而增加,其分布大小為玉米籽粒玉米莖玉米葉。(2)土壤pH變化是黏土礦物鈍化修復(fù)Cd污染土壤的一個重要因素。盆栽土壤0~10 cm 土層pH均高于10~20 cm 土層,且隨著兩種黏土礦物施加量的增加而升高;按不同比例施加兩種黏土礦物均能有效降低土壤中有效態(tài)Cd含量,且具有顯著性差異(P0.05)。土壤pH升高,能改變土壤中Cd的存在形態(tài),進而降低了 Cd的遷移性和生物有效性,緩解了 Cd對玉米和土壤的損傷和危害。(3)土柱淋濾試驗中,不同比例施加海泡石的土柱經(jīng)淋濾處理,8個淋濾柱持水量大小順序為 C1H1C1H2C2H3C1HCK1C2H1C2H2CK2;淋濾液 pH 值均在6.5~8.0之間。淋濾強度會影響入滲速率的大小,淋濾強度越大,入滲速率越大;同時淋濾液中Cd含量也會隨之減少。在兩種Cd污染土壤水平下,施加海泡石的土柱中Cd含量均低于對照組,施加量分別為1%和1.5%時,對淋濾液中Cd淋失量影響最大。(4)兩種Cd污染土壤下,與對照組相比,施加不同比例海泡石對Cd污染土壤不同深度Cd含量影響顯著(P0.05);且重金屬Cd有不同程度的縱向向下遷移現(xiàn)象。對照組Cd污染土壤在20~30 cm 土層(此層原始土壤中Cd含量為0.46 mg kg~(-1))Cd含量分別為0.90mg kg~(-1) 和 1.82mg kg~(-1),增加了0.4mg kg~(-1) 和 1.36mgkg~(-1);施加海泡石進行處理能有效地抑制重金屬Cd向下層遷移,其中在兩種土壤Cd污染水平下,分別施加1%和1.5%的海泡石對土壤中Cd向下遷移變化最大,分別減少到0.50 mg kg~(-1)和0.44 mg kg~(-1)。(5)對盆栽土壤進行浸出試實驗分析得出:除C1A2處理外,10~20 cm 土層浸出Cd含量均高于0~10 cm 土層,這表明重金屬Cd污染土壤經(jīng)過耕種和黏土礦物鈍化處理后仍有向下遷移的現(xiàn)象。其中5 mg kg~(-1)Cd污染土壤較2 mg kg~(-1)Cd污染土壤中Cd浸出量降低效果顯著,且凹凸棒石施加量為1.5%時,對0~10 cm土層Cd浸出量影響最大,減少了 0.132 ug L~(-1)(33.8%);海泡石施加量為1.5%時,對10~20 cm 土層Cd浸出量影響最大,減少了 0.213 ugL~(-1)(46.0%)。
[Abstract]:At present, the situation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil is becoming more and more severe in China, among which cadmium (Cd) pollution is the most common, especially in the vicinity of city and industrial and mining area. Because the heavy metal Cd has the characteristics of strong mobility, easy to be absorbed by plants and so on, the problem of soil Cd pollution is widely concerned. The remediation measures of clay mineral passivation are the control of farmland Cd polluted soil. More and more demonstration applications are being used, but the long-term effect and multifaceted effect of clay minerals in the remediation of Cd contaminated soil is a problem which needs attention and research. This study uses sepiolite and attapulgite as repair material, and by adding exogenous Cd elements, the soil of heavy metal Cd polluted by heavy metals in farmland is passivated to repair potted plants The experiment was conducted to study the effects of two clay minerals on the changes of Cd content, soil pH and the content of effective Cd in different parts of the corn on different proportions. The soil column leaching test was designed to simulate the different proportions of sepiolite treatment soil column under different frequency of rainfall and rainfall intensity. The change of the soil heavy metal Cd with the migration of runoff, the variation of pH, Cd and Cd content in the leachate and soil was analyzed in order to study the migration characteristics. (1) under the Cd pollution level of two soils, the imposition of sepiolite to the plant growth and the degree of crop toxicity was applied to the decrease of C in the stems and leaves and grains in the crops. The effect of D content is more effective and lower in cost. Under the conditions of different application of two clay minerals, the effect of soil 5mg kg~ (-1) Cd concentration on maize plant height is more obvious than that of 2 mg kg~ (-1), and the trend in different periods is consistent, but the effect of two clay minerals on plant height in each period of maize growth is related to the level of Cd. Compared with the control group, two kinds of clay minerals were applied in different proportions to increase the biomass of the crop, but it did not reach the significant level. The content of Cd in all parts of the maize plant increased with the increase of Cd content in the soil, and the distribution was the maize grain corn stalk jade rice leaf. (2) the soil pH change was the clay mineral passivation repair. Cd contaminated soil was an important factor. The 0~10 cm soil layer pH in potted soil was higher than the 10~20 cm soil layer, and increased with the increase of the amount of two clay minerals. Applying two clay minerals in different proportions could effectively reduce the content of effective Cd in the soil, and had significant difference (P0.05). The soil pH increased and could change the Cd in the soil. The existence form, thus reducing the mobility and bioavailability of Cd, alleviates the damage and harm of Cd to maize and soil. (3) in soil column leaching test, the soil column of sepiolite is leached with different proportion of sepiolite, and the order of water holding capacity of the 8 leaching columns is C1H1C1H2C2H3C1HCK1C2H1C2H2CK2, and the pH value of the filtrate is between 6.5 and 8. The leaching strength will affect the size of infiltration rate, the greater the leaching strength, the greater the infiltration rate, and the decrease of Cd content in the filtrate. Under the level of two kinds of Cd contaminated soil, the content of Cd in the soil column of sepiolite is lower than that of the control group. When the application amount is 1% and 1.5%, the Cd leaching loss in the filtrate is the most. (4) two kinds of Cd pollution. Compared with the control group, the effect of different proportion of sepiolite on the Cd content in different depth of Cd contaminated soil was significant (P0.05), and the heavy metal Cd had different degrees of vertical downward migration. The Cd contaminated soil in the control group was 0.46 mg kg~ (-1) in the 20~30 cm soil layer. And 1.82mg kg~ (-1), increased 0.4mg kg~ (-1) and 1.36mgkg~ (-1), and imposing sepiolite treatment could effectively inhibit the heavy metal Cd downward migration. Under the two soil Cd pollution levels, 1% and 1.5% sepiolite were applied to the Cd downward migration in the soil, which were reduced to 0.50 mg and 0.44 respectively. (5) The leaching experiment of potted soil shows that, except for C1A2 treatment, the content of Cd in 10~20 cm soil layer is higher than that of 0~10 cm soil layer, which indicates that the heavy metal Cd contaminated soil still has the downward migration after the cultivation and the clay mineral passivation treatment. The 5 mg kg~ (-1) Cd contaminated soil is more than 2 mg kg~ (-1) contaminated soil. The effect is significant, and when the amount of palygorskite is 1.5%, the Cd leaching amount of the 0~10 cm soil layer is most affected, and 0.132 UG L~ (-1) (33.8%) is reduced. When the imposition of sepiolite is 1.5%, the leaching amount of Cd in the 10~20 cm soil layer is most affected, and 0.213 ugL~ (-1) (46%) is reduced.
【學位授予單位】:沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:X53
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