本文選題：草魚魚鱗 + 檸檬酸-蘋果酸鈣��； 參考：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：草魚是我國的主要養(yǎng)殖淡水魚,是水產(chǎn)品加工中常見的原料。在水產(chǎn)品加工過程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生魚鱗等下腳料,魚鱗中含有豐富的蛋白質(zhì)和鈣元素,但是由于受到加工技術(shù)和傳統(tǒng)理念的限制,絕大多數(shù)魚鱗被當(dāng)作廢棄物處理掉了。本試驗(yàn)在前人關(guān)于魚鱗脫灰和制備明膠的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了以草魚魚鱗為原料的有機(jī)酸鈣和明膠的制備,形成了較為連續(xù)完整的制備工藝。研究的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下：(1)以草魚魚鱗為原料,采用檸檬酸和蘋果酸混酸進(jìn)行浸酸提鈣,運(yùn)用Design Expert 8.0軟件,根據(jù)Box-Behnken中心組合原理,建立了草魚魚鱗中鈣得率的三元二次回歸模型,響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化的結(jié)果為按照檸檬酸與蘋果酸的質(zhì)量比為1.07：1混合,然后配置成混酸濃度為10%的混酸溶液,將混酸與預(yù)處理后的草魚魚鱗按液料比為15.67的比例進(jìn)行混合,在30℃的條件下反應(yīng)90min,在此條件下鈣得率最高為14.86%。通過單因素試驗(yàn),得出冷凍結(jié)晶溫度為-10℃,結(jié)晶時(shí)間為18h時(shí),所得檸檬酸-蘋果酸鈣晶體水溶性最好。(2)以脫鈣后的草魚魚鱗為原料,采用酶法對明膠制備工藝進(jìn)行了研究。通過單因素試驗(yàn)和響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化試驗(yàn),得出最佳的明膠制備工藝為：使用Alcalase酶進(jìn)行酶解,在加酶量為225u/g,酶解時(shí)間為5.6h,酶解溫度為30℃,熱水提膠的水提時(shí)間4h,水提溫度60℃,料液比為1：15。在上述條件下,所制得的草魚魚鱗明膠提取率為56.06%,凝膠強(qiáng)度為542g·mm,等電點(diǎn)為6.8左右,勃式粘度為12.83mPa·s,具有良好的乳化性和起泡性,透射比和灰分等指標(biāo)均高于國家食用明膠的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),除起泡穩(wěn)定性外的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均優(yōu)于普通市售商業(yè)明膠。(3)研究了魚丸制作過程中添加草魚魚鱗明膠對魚丸品質(zhì)的影響。通過試驗(yàn)得出,添加1%的明膠提高了魚丸的亮度和白度,失水率降低了2.44%,使持水性提高,增加了魚丸的硬度和咀嚼性,凝膠強(qiáng)度提高了640.2lg·mm,且在各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)上均優(yōu)于添加1%普通市售商業(yè)明膠制作的魚丸。
[Abstract]:Grass carp is the main freshwater fish in China, and it is a common raw material in aquatic products processing. Fish scales and other waste materials are produced in the process of aquatic products processing. Fish scales are rich in protein and calcium. However, due to the limitations of processing technology and traditional concepts, most fish scales are treated as wastes. The preparation of calcium organic acid and gelatin from grass carp fish scales was studied on the basis of previous studies on fish scale descaling and gelatin preparation. The main contents and results of this study are as follows: (1) using grass carp scale as raw material, calcium extraction was carried out with citric acid and malic acid mixed acid, and the Box-Behnken center combination principle was used by Design expert 8.0 software. A ternary quadratic regression model of calcium yield in grass carp scales was established. The response surface optimization results showed that the mixture of citric acid and malic acid was 1.07: 1, and then mixed with 10% mixed acid solution. The mixture of mixed acid and pre-treated grass carp scales was mixed at the ratio of liquid to material 15.67, and the reaction time was 90 min at 30 鈩，

本文編號：2014231