本文選題：水生植物 + 石佛寺人工濕地　； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以石佛寺人工濕地中幾種代表性水生植物為研究對象,圍繞濕地中的幾種水生植物對于濕地營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量變化的影響展開研究,分別研究了幾種水生植物對于濕地整體水質(zhì)中、底泥中各類營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量變化的影響,并通過室內(nèi)模擬實驗,分析并討論了四種生活型水生植物在死亡腐解階段對水體與底泥中幾種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量變化的影響,歸納總結(jié)出水生植物對于整個濕地營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量變化的影響,并提出相應(yīng)的濕地治理措施,防止?jié)竦匕l(fā)生水體富營養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象,更好的保護該濕地的生態(tài)環(huán)境。主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下:(1)采集2011-2015年石佛寺人工濕地進出水口的每月水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù),對水生植物劃分為4個生長階段。根據(jù)植物生長的四個階段對水體環(huán)境指標(biāo)、含氧類指標(biāo)、無機鹽類指標(biāo)的變化趨勢進行分析,討論水生植物凈化水質(zhì)的機理和在不同植物生長階段對三類水體指標(biāo)的影響。結(jié)果表明:水生植物在快速生長期和平穩(wěn)生長期,對于水質(zhì)的凈化效果相對較好;養(yǎng)分蓄積期對于水質(zhì)的凈化效果最為平穩(wěn);植物的死亡腐解期,凈化效果波動較大;對水質(zhì)的凈化機理主要有同化吸收作用、根際效應(yīng)、攔截吸附作用、生化作用;對水體的凈化效果與植物量有一定的關(guān)系。在養(yǎng)分蓄積期、快速生長期和平穩(wěn)生長期階段對水體中無機鹽類具有一定的去除效果,在植物的死亡枯萎期,水生植物會增加水體中無機鹽類的含量。(2)采集石佛寺人工濕地五種不同植物區(qū)域中指定點域的濕地底泥,測出底泥中OM、TN、TP三種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的含量并分析。結(jié)果表明:影響濕地底泥中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量的因素有微生物因素、外源污染因素和水生植物因素。三種因素對于底泥中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量的影響在不同的植物生長期內(nèi)各不相同。在植物快速生長期:底泥中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)受到植物生長吸收的影響最大;在植物平穩(wěn)生長期:底泥中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)受到外界因素影響最大;在植物死亡腐解期:底泥中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)受到植物腐解因素的影響最大。不同的溫度,對于微生物的影響不同,進而影響底泥中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量的變化。(3)對室內(nèi)模擬四種生活型水生植物腐解過程進行觀察,并分析腐解過程對于水質(zhì)和底泥的影響及底泥對腐解產(chǎn)生的影響。結(jié)果表明:水生植物腐解過程中底泥對于其上覆水體中PH、DO、COD、TN、TP的變化趨勢影響較小,在不同的腐解階段,對水體中不同的指標(biāo)值變化量影響不同。實驗中四種生活型水生植物腐解程度與腐解速度相似,不同生活型水生植物腐解過程對于水環(huán)境的影響程度不同,會使水體中PH值、TN和TP含量升高;對水體中DO和COD含量的影響不相同,但水體中兩者的初末含量變化呈負(fù)相關(guān)性變化。腐解過程促進了底泥對C和TN的向外釋放,降低底泥底泥中C和TN的含量,起到防止底泥中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)沉積的作用,而對于TP的作用相反。
[Abstract]:In this paper, several representative aquatic plants in Shifosi constructed wetland were taken as the research object, and the effects of several aquatic plants on the changes of nutrient content in the wetland were studied. The effects of several aquatic plants on the changes of nutrient contents in the sediment and water quality of the wetland were studied, and the indoor simulation experiments were carried out. The effects of four living aquatic plants on the changes of nutrient contents in water and sediment were analyzed and discussed, and the effects of aquatic plants on the changes of nutrient contents in the whole wetland were summarized. In order to prevent the eutrophication of the wetland and protect the ecological environment of the wetland, the corresponding wetland treatment measures are put forward. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the monthly water quality data of the inlet and outlet of Shifosi constructed wetland from 2011-2015 are collected, and the aquatic plants are divided into four growth stages. According to the four stages of plant growth, the change trend of water environment index, oxygen content index and inorganic salt index is analyzed, and the mechanism of aquatic plants purifying water quality and the influence of different plant growth stages on three kinds of water body indexes are discussed. The results showed that the purification effect of aquatic plants on water quality was relatively good in the rapid growth period and steady growth period, the purification effect was most stable in nutrient accumulation period, and the purification effect fluctuated greatly in the decaying stage of plants. The purification mechanism of water quality mainly includes assimilation and absorption, rhizosphere effect, interception adsorption, biochemical action, and the purification effect of water body has certain relationship with plant quantity. In nutrient accumulation period, rapid growth period and steady growth stage, inorganic salts in water were removed to a certain extent, and plants died and withered. Aquatic plants can increase the content of inorganic salt in water body. (2) collect wetland sediment from five different plant areas of Shifosi constructed wetland, measure the content of three nutrients of OMTNN TP in sediment and analyze them. The results showed that the factors affecting the content of nutrients in wetland sediment were microorganism factor, exogenous pollution factor and aquatic plant factor. The effects of three factors on the nutrient content in sediment were different in different plant growth periods. In the period of rapid growth of plants, nutrients in sediment are most affected by plant growth and absorption, and in stable growth of plants, nutrients in sediment are most affected by external factors. In the stage of plant death, nutrients in sediment were most affected by the factors of plant decay. The effects of different temperature on microorganism and the change of nutrient content in sediment were observed. The influence of the degradation process on the water quality and sediment and the influence of the sediment on the degradation are analyzed. The results showed that the sediment had little effect on the change trend of PHDOD TNTP in the overlying water during the decomposition of aquatic plants, and had different influence on the change of the index value in the different stages of decomposition. In the experiment, the degree of decomposition of four kinds of living aquatic plants is similar to the speed of decomposition. The degradation process of different types of aquatic plants has different influence on the water environment, which will increase the contents of PH, TN and TP in water. The effects on the contents of do and COD in water were different, but the changes of initial and final contents of do and COD in water showed negative correlation. The decomposing process can promote the release of C and TN, decrease the contents of C and TN, and prevent the deposition of nutrients in the sediment, but the effect on TP is opposite.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X173;X52

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