本文選題：超臨界二氧化碳 + 膨脹型阻燃劑��； 參考：《中北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：聚合物材料具有輕質(zhì)、易于加工、價(jià)格低廉、綜合性能優(yōu)越等優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車、建筑、包裝、航天、軍事等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。然而,由于大多聚合物材料存在易燃性的問題,不僅限制其使用范圍,而且由此引發(fā)的火災(zāi)會(huì)給人類社會(huì)帶來重大的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失等問題。此外,隨著當(dāng)今阻燃領(lǐng)域相應(yīng)法規(guī)法令日漸苛刻及環(huán)保意識的加強(qiáng),加強(qiáng)對聚合物的綠色高效阻燃研究尤為重要。超臨界二氧化碳(scCO_2)具有綠色環(huán)保、來源廣泛、價(jià)格便宜、易于回收等優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于食品、醫(yī)藥和化工等領(lǐng)域。當(dāng)scCO_2溶解在聚合物基體中時(shí),能夠起增塑作用,增大聚合物的自由體積、大分子鏈活動(dòng)能力、傳質(zhì)速率和降低熔體粘度等作用。然而,直到現(xiàn)在,scCO_2技術(shù)鮮有被提及用于阻燃領(lǐng)域。本論文旨在進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大scCO_2技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,研究scCO_2技術(shù)在改善阻燃劑在基體中分散狀況的可行性,進(jìn)而提高阻燃聚合物的阻燃效率,并探究cCO_2輔助阻燃劑分散的機(jī)理。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)首先,本文采用scCO_2作為加工介質(zhì),研究膨脹型阻燃劑(IFR)在聚丙烯(PP)基體中的分散情況及其阻燃效率。其中,IFR由聚磷酸銨與季戊四醇構(gòu)成,且重量比為3:1。研究結(jié)果表明:應(yīng)用scCO_2技術(shù)能夠有效改善IFR在PP中分散情況,通過調(diào)控scCO_2的含量能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在添加較低含量的IFR即可達(dá)到較高含量的IFR的阻燃效果,擴(kuò)展了提高阻燃聚合物阻燃效率的方法。(2)其次,本文為了揭示scCO_2技術(shù)在輔助IFR在PP基體中分散的作用及提高復(fù)合材料阻燃效率的作用機(jī)理,研究了溫度及壓力對膨脹型阻燃聚丙烯加工及性能的影響。通過調(diào)節(jié)溫度、壓力等條件,研究了阻燃發(fā)泡PP復(fù)合材料的合適發(fā)泡條件,及不同條件下相應(yīng)阻燃PP復(fù)合材料的分散狀況及性能。研究結(jié)果表明:在合適發(fā)泡溫度內(nèi),降低溫度和增大壓力有助于提高PP/IFR復(fù)合材料的膨脹倍率;采用scCO_2技術(shù)能夠進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化IFR在PP基體中的分散,能夠有效改善殘?zhí)抠|(zhì)量和抑煙效果等,從而進(jìn)一步提高了阻燃劑的阻燃效率。(3)最后,為了進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展scCO_2技術(shù)在其它阻燃體系中的應(yīng)用,采用CO_2作為發(fā)泡劑,通過大分子溴系阻燃劑(FR-122P)與溴化環(huán)氧樹脂(2200HM)協(xié)效阻燃,研究了復(fù)合阻燃劑對聚苯乙烯(PS)和發(fā)泡PS復(fù)合材料的阻燃改性。研究結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)FR-122P與2200HM重量比為4:1、且添加量為25wt%時(shí),復(fù)合材料的極限氧指數(shù)可達(dá)25.8,并可通過UL-94V-0等級;當(dāng)復(fù)合阻燃劑的添加量為40wt%時(shí),可得到膨脹倍率較高、泡孔密度較大、泡孔尺寸較小的發(fā)泡PS復(fù)合材料,且可通過泡沫水平燃燒的HF-2等級。
[Abstract]:Polymer materials are widely used in automobile, construction, packaging, aerospace, military and other fields because of their advantages such as light weight, easy processing, low price, superior comprehensive performance and so on. However, due to the flammability of most polymer materials, not only the scope of their use is limited, but also the resulting fire will bring serious casualties and economic losses to human society. In addition, with the increasingly harsh laws and regulations in the field of flame retardancy and the strengthening of environmental awareness, it is particularly important to strengthen the study of green and efficient flame retardation of polymers. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO _ 2) is widely used in food, medicine and chemical industry. When scCO_2 is dissolved in polymer matrix, it plays a role in plasticizing, increasing the free volume of polymer, the ability of macromolecular chain activity, mass transfer rate and reducing melt viscosity. Until now, however, scCO2 technology has rarely been mentioned in the flame retardant field. The purpose of this thesis is to further expand the application of scCO_2 technology, to study the feasibility of scCO_2 technology in improving the dispersion of flame retardants in matrix, and to improve the flame retardant efficiency of flame retardant polymers, and to explore the mechanism of dispersing flame retardants assisted by cCO_2. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the dispersion and flame retardant efficiency of intumescent flame retardant (scCO_2) in PP matrix were studied by using scCO_2 as processing medium. The IFR is composed of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol, and the weight ratio is 3: 1. The results showed that the dispersion of IFR in PP could be effectively improved by using scCO_2 technology, and the flame retardant effect of higher content of IFR could be achieved by controlling the content of scCO_2 by adding lower content of IFR. Secondly, in order to reveal the role of scCO_2 technology in assisting the dispersion of IFR in PP matrix and the mechanism of improving the flame retardant efficiency of composites, the method of increasing the flame retardant efficiency of flame retardant polymer is expanded. The effects of temperature and pressure on the processing and properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene were studied. By adjusting the temperature and pressure, the suitable foaming conditions of flame retardant foamed PP composites were studied, and the dispersion and properties of the corresponding flame retardant PP composites under different conditions were studied. The results show that the expansion rate of PP/IFR composites can be improved by lowering the temperature and increasing the pressure at the appropriate foaming temperature, and the dispersion of IFR in PP matrix can be further optimized by using scCO_2 technology. It can effectively improve the quality of carbon residuals and smoke suppression effect, thus further improving the flame retardant efficiency of flame retardant. Finally, in order to further expand the application of scCO_2 technology in other flame retardant systems, CO_2 is used as foaming agent. The flame retardant modification of polystyrene (PS) and foamed PS composites was studied by the synergistic flame retardation of macromolecular bromine flame retardant (FR-122P) and brominated epoxy resin (2200HM). The results show that when the weight ratio of FR-122P to 2200HM is 4: 1 and the addition amount is 25wt%, the limit oxygen index of the composite material can reach 25.8 and pass through the UL-94V-0 grade, and when the content of the composite flame retardant is 40wt%, the expansion ratio is higher and the pore density is larger. Foamed PS composites with smaller foam size and HF-2 grade that can be burned horizontally through foam.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ314.248

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 黃朋科;龐永艷;張樹海;劉偉;張利華;鄭文革;;大分子溴系復(fù)合阻燃劑對PS和發(fā)泡PS的阻燃改性[J];工程塑料應(yīng)用;2016年11期

2 Yan Zhang;Rui-qun Peng;周光大;Zheng-ping Fang;Xiao-nan Li;;Flammability Characterization and Effects of Magnesium Oxide in Halogen-free Flame-retardant EVA Blends[J];Chinese Journal of Polymer Science;2015年12期

3 姚強(qiáng);龐永艷;;國內(nèi)外有關(guān)阻燃劑的法律法規(guī)及阻燃劑的發(fā)展方向[J];塑料助劑;2014年04期

4 馬亞清;龐永艷;;阻燃ABS樹脂的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與未來展望[J];塑料助劑;2014年02期

5 代培剛;關(guān)健玲;張陽;陳英杰;劉志鵬;;阻燃技術(shù)應(yīng)用研究[J];廣州化工;2011年14期

6 李貴勛;田子娟;代佳麗;程齡賀;王經(jīng)武;;無鹵阻燃聚丙烯研究進(jìn)展[J];高分子通報(bào);2009年12期

7 何慶東;曹有名;岑蘭;;環(huán)保高效膨脹型阻燃劑研究進(jìn)展[J];塑料科技;2008年02期

8 董吉;李斌;;膨脹型阻燃劑對聚丙烯-木粉復(fù)合材料阻燃及性能的影響[J];化學(xué)與粘合;2007年04期

9 馬雅琳;王標(biāo)兵;胡國勝;;阻燃劑及其阻燃機(jī)理的研究現(xiàn)狀[J];材料導(dǎo)報(bào);2006年S1期

10 徐加艷,胡源,王清安,范維澄,宋磊;阻燃材料工業(yè)中的綠色化學(xué)與技術(shù)[J];高分子材料科學(xué)與工程;2002年01期

，

本文編號：1955745