本文選題：連續(xù)油管 + 井底延伸��； 參考：《長江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：連續(xù)油管鉆井(Coiled Tubing Drilling—CTD)技術(shù)是20世紀(jì)末期在國際石油行業(yè)興起的一種非常熱門的新型鉆井工藝技術(shù)。該技術(shù)采用連續(xù)油管來代替常規(guī)的鉆桿,并配合井下動(dòng)力裝置來進(jìn)行井下鉆進(jìn)延伸。使用CTD的突出優(yōu)勢在于鉆進(jìn)中不需停泵接單根,可實(shí)現(xiàn)鉆井液的連續(xù)循環(huán),提高了起下鉆速度和作業(yè)的安全性,減少了起下鉆時(shí)間,縮短了鉆井周期。特別對(duì)于老井重新開發(fā)(老井加深、開窗側(cè)鉆)不僅可以大幅度節(jié)約鉆井成本,同時(shí)還可以發(fā)現(xiàn)、開采新的油氣儲(chǔ)量,有助于老油田的穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn),提高最終采收率,能顯著提升油田效益。同時(shí)CTD技術(shù)便于進(jìn)行小井眼、欠平衡鉆井,對(duì)于低壓易漏失地層能進(jìn)行負(fù)壓鉆井,降低鉆井風(fēng)險(xiǎn);對(duì)于水敏易塌地層,CTD可以采用氮?dú)忏@井、油基鉆井液鉆井等方法,為煤層氣和頁巖氣等特殊氣藏的開發(fā)提供安全可靠的鉆井技術(shù)。當(dāng)前,世界上許多油田已進(jìn)入開發(fā)后期,尤其我國大部分內(nèi)地油田也進(jìn)入了高含水期,產(chǎn)量急劇下降,另外受到鉆井工藝技術(shù)及設(shè)備等的綜合制約,還有相當(dāng)部分低滲透油氣藏和特殊油氣藏還未全面投入開發(fā),而CTD技術(shù)無疑是解決這類問題的一個(gè)較好方法。文章結(jié)合國家科技重大專項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目36《煤層氣鉆井工程技術(shù)與裝備研制(二期)》中的課題6“連續(xù)油管裝備與應(yīng)用技術(shù)”,針對(duì)連續(xù)油管井底延伸工藝進(jìn)行研究。研究意義明確,研究成果可用于指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)場的連續(xù)油管井下延伸試驗(yàn),并初步形成了適應(yīng)于我國的連續(xù)油管井底延伸工藝的研究報(bào)告。本文主要從以下幾方面進(jìn)行研究:(1)本文對(duì)連續(xù)油管井底延伸所需的設(shè)備和工具進(jìn)行了總結(jié),對(duì)井下重要工具的技術(shù)參數(shù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說明,對(duì)工藝流程進(jìn)行了介紹,推薦了用于井底延伸的底部鉆具組合(bottom hole assembly,簡稱BHA)。(2)用能量守恒法和微分方程法推導(dǎo)連續(xù)油管臨界彎曲軸向載荷公式具有一致性,求得連續(xù)油管發(fā)生正弦屈曲的臨界軸壓為25.1KN。(3)建立了連續(xù)油管鉆井用多噴嘴射流輔助鉆進(jìn)的模型,給出了小尺寸鉆頭(Φ118)的施工參數(shù),對(duì)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進(jìn)行了界定和求解。(4)多噴嘴射流輔助鉆進(jìn)中前噴射流沖擊并破碎巖石,通過后噴射流產(chǎn)生反推力輔助推進(jìn)鉆頭前進(jìn)。通過計(jì)算可知,當(dāng)后向噴嘴直徑在4.0mm左右,前向噴嘴直徑控制在3.2mm,且后向噴嘴傾角在20°,前向傾角在30°,前后向噴嘴個(gè)數(shù)均為4個(gè)時(shí),才能產(chǎn)生一定的推進(jìn)力。(5)運(yùn)用FLUENT軟件進(jìn)行速度流場模擬,通過計(jì)算與軟件模擬相結(jié)合對(duì)多噴嘴鉆頭的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。本文對(duì)連續(xù)油管水平段延伸的配套工具及鉆頭噴嘴輔助射流的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),能在一定程度上增大水平段的延伸距離。該設(shè)計(jì)方案作為一種技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的有效手段,對(duì)現(xiàn)場作業(yè)將會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Continuous tubing drilling (Coiled Tubing Drilling - CTD) technology is a very popular new drilling technology in the late twentieth Century in the international petroleum industry. This technology uses continuous tubing to replace conventional drilling rod, and is combined with underground power equipment to carry out drilling and extension. The outstanding advantage of using CTD is that drilling does not need to be used. It can realize the continuous circulation of drilling fluid, improve the drilling speed and the safety of the operation, reduce the drilling time and shorten the drilling cycle. In particular, the redevelopment of the old well (old well deepened, window side drilling) can not only save the cost of drilling, but also find that mining new oil and gas reserves is helpful to the old. At the same time, the CTD technology is convenient to carry out small hole, underbalanced drilling, negative pressure drilling for low pressure leakage and loss formation, and reduce drilling risk. For water sensitive sloughing strata, CTD can use nitrogen drilling, oil based drilling fluid drilling and other methods, for coalbed gas and shale. The development of gas and other special gas reservoirs provides safe and reliable drilling technology. At present, many oil fields in the world have entered the late period of development. In particular, most of the mainland oil fields in China have entered a high water cut period, and the output has fallen sharply. In addition, the oil and gas reservoirs and special oil and gas are also restricted by the drilling technology and equipment, and a considerable portion of low permeability oil and gas reservoirs and special oil and gas. The reservoir has not been fully developed, and CTD technology is undoubtedly a better way to solve this kind of problem. The article combines the national science and technology major project 36< CBM drilling engineering technology and equipment development (two phase), the subject 6 "continuous tubing equipment and application technology", in view of continuous tubing bottom extension process research. It is clear that the research results can be used to guide the downhole extension test of the continuous tubing in the field, and the Research Report of the continuous tubing bottom extension process adapted to our country has been preliminarily formed. This paper mainly studies the following aspects: (1) this paper summarizes the equipment and tools needed for the bottom extension of the continuous tubing and the important tools in the downhole. The technical parameters are described in detail, the process flow is introduced, and the bottom hole assembly (BHA) for bottom hole extension is recommended. (2) the formula of critical bending axial load of continuous tubing is derived by energy conservation and differential equation method, and the critical axial pressure of the continuous tubing in sine buckling is obtained. For 25.1KN. (3), a multi nozzle jet assisted drilling model for continuous tubing drilling was established. The construction parameters of a small size bit (118) were given. The key parameters were defined and solved. (4) the jet flow before the multi nozzle jet assisted drilling was impacted by the jet flow and broken the rock, and the jet stream generated the reverse thrust to advance the bit forward. The calculation shows that when the diameter of the back nozzle is around 4.0mm, the diameter of the forward nozzle is controlled at 3.2mm, and the angle of the nozzle is 20 degrees, the forward angle is 30 degrees and the number of the front and back to the nozzle is 4. (5) the speed flow field is simulated with the FLUENT software, and the multi nozzle bit is combined with the calculation and software simulation. The structure parameters of the structure are optimized. In this paper, the supporting tools of the horizontal section of the continuous tubing and the structure parameters of the auxiliary jets of the bit nozzle are designed, and the extension distance of the horizontal section can be increased to a certain extent. As an effective means of technological innovation, this design will have some guiding significance for the field operation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE242

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