本文選題：鹽水精制 + 優(yōu)化　； 參考：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：氯堿工業(yè)是基礎化工工業(yè)之一,在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中具有重要地位,對國防建設和經(jīng)濟具有重要作用。氯堿工業(yè)經(jīng)歷了苛化法、水銀法、隔膜法、離子膜法等工業(yè)方法,無論何種生產(chǎn)方式,電解過程中使用的飽和鹽水質量尤為重要,精制鹽水的質量直接影響到裝置的安全高效運行和下游產(chǎn)品質量。鹽水精制一般采用添加精制劑碳酸鈉、氫氧化鈉及氯化鋇溶液,與雜質反應生成不溶沉淀物,通過澄清、兩級過濾、金屬離子吸附,產(chǎn)出滿足電解裝置運行的合格精制鹽水,保證下游裝置的穩(wěn)定運行,但也存在許多問題。本論文針對鹽水精制工藝裝置存在的問題,從減少裝置廢水產(chǎn)生及排放量、精制工藝改造等方面入手,進行了較為系統(tǒng)的研究,優(yōu)化了工藝,并在齊魯石化公司氯堿廠進行了實施,實現(xiàn)了裝置的長周期安穩(wěn)運行。1.原鹽質量的優(yōu)化調整鹽水精制工藝所使用的原料——原鹽的質量直接影響到精制鹽水的質量,在以往的鹽水精制工藝生產(chǎn)中,控制好進廠原鹽質量一直是一項重點工作,原鹽各項質量指標必須合格才能正常使用。其中,原鹽的鈣鎂離子含量比為重點控制指標。一直以來,所用原鹽鈣鎂比值控制在大于1.5,在考察了原鹽鈣鎂比對精制鹽水的影響后,結合裝置實際運行情況,確定了原鹽鈣鎂比值最佳范圍為1.5～3,為穩(wěn)定鹽水精制裝置運行提供了依據(jù)。2.裝置"水平衡"工作針對氯堿行業(yè)實際生產(chǎn)情況,對裝置所產(chǎn)生的工業(yè)廢水、生產(chǎn)廢水的水質、走向等進行研究論證,并與實際生產(chǎn)用水進行對比,進行了一系列工藝優(yōu)化和技術改進,最終實現(xiàn)了部分外排水用于工藝生產(chǎn)、過盛廢水暫存等,逐漸使鹽水工藝生產(chǎn)趨于了 "水平衡",解決了困擾裝置的"水過剩"問題,最終實現(xiàn)了裝置廢水"零排放"。3.脫除硫酸根工藝改造對脫除硫酸根工藝進行改造,不再使用高毒�；仿然^,改為納濾膜過濾的工藝,消除了原始設計工藝中,使用氯化鋇所帶來的運行成本高、鹽水澄清桶運行不穩(wěn)定、鹽泥壓濾工序負荷高等問題,廢物排放大幅降低,裝置運行更加穩(wěn)定,經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境效益明顯。4.延長螯合樹脂塔運行周期開發(fā)新技術,在鹽水中添加聚酸鹽溶液,經(jīng)石墨電極后,釋放滲透液,延長了二次鹽水精制的螯合樹脂塔運行時間,由原設計的48小時提高至240小時,減少了樹脂塔再生用鹽酸、燒堿和純水用量,降低了生產(chǎn)成本,減少了廢水外排量,優(yōu)化了水平衡工作。
[Abstract]:Chlor-alkali industry is one of the basic chemical industry, which plays an important role in economic development and national defense construction and economy. The chlor-alkali industry has experienced many industrial methods, such as caustic process, mercury process, diaphragm process, ion membrane process and so on. Regardless of the production mode, the quality of saturated salt water used in the electrolysis process is particularly important. The quality of refined brine has a direct impact on the safe and efficient operation of the plant and the quality of downstream products. In brine refining, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and barium chloride solution are generally added to produce insoluble precipitates by reacting with impurities. Through clarification, two-stage filtration and metal ion adsorption, qualified refined brine is produced to meet the operation of the electrolytic unit. Ensure the steady operation of the downstream device, but there are also many problems. In this paper, aiming at the problems existing in brine refining process, a systematic study has been carried out on the aspects of reducing the production and discharge of plant wastewater and reforming the refining process, and the process has been optimized. The plant was implemented in the chlor-alkali plant of Qilu Petrochemical Company, and the long period stable operation of the plant was realized. The quality of raw salt used in brine refining process has a direct impact on the quality of refined brine. In the previous brine refining process, it has been a key task to control the quality of raw salt in the former brine refining process. Each quality index of raw salt must be qualified to be used normally. Among them, the ratio of calcium to magnesium ion of raw salt is the key control index. All the time, the ratio of raw salt calcium to magnesium has been controlled to be greater than 1.5. After investigating the effect of raw salt calcium magnesium ratio on refined brine, the actual operation of the unit has been studied. The optimum range of Ca / mg ratio of raw salt is 1. 5 ~ 3, which provides a basis for the operation of a stable brine refining unit. The "water balance" of the plant is aimed at the actual production situation of the chlor-alkali industry. The industrial wastewater produced by the plant, the water quality and the trend of the wastewater are studied and demonstrated, and compared with the actual production water. A series of process optimization and technical improvement have been carried out. Finally, part of the external drainage has been realized in the process production, and the waste water has been stored temporarily. The process of brine production has gradually tended to "water balance", which has solved the problem of "water surplus" in the troubled equipment. Finally, the "zero discharge" of plant wastewater was realized. The sulphate removal process was modified to remove sulphuric acid radical. Instead of using barium chloride, a highly toxic and dangerous chemical was replaced by a nanofiltration membrane filtration process, which eliminated the high operating cost brought by the use of barium chloride in the original design process. The operation of brine clarifier drum is unstable, the load of salt sludge pressure filtration process is high, the waste discharge is greatly reduced, the operation of the unit is more stable, and the economic and environmental benefits are obvious .4. A new technology was developed for prolonging the operation period of chelating resin tower, adding polyacrylate solution to brine, releasing permeate after graphite electrode, prolonging the operation time of chelating resin tower with secondary brine refining, from 48 hours designed to 240 hours. The amount of hydrochloric acid, caustic soda and pure water for regeneration of resin tower was reduced, the production cost was reduced, the discharge of waste water was reduced, and the water balance was optimized.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ114.261

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