本文選題：PDC鉆頭 + 離散元　； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：PDC鉆頭破巖進(jìn)尺已占到鉆井總進(jìn)尺的80%以上,它具有單位進(jìn)尺成本低、鉆速高及使用壽命長(zhǎng)等特點(diǎn)。目前,PDC鉆頭在深部地層的鉆探開(kāi)發(fā)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,其破巖效率主要受切削齒破巖效率的影響。在鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中,切削齒參數(shù)、鉆進(jìn)參數(shù)及巖石特性等因素對(duì)PDC切削齒的力學(xué)性能有著重要的影響。在整個(gè)鉆進(jìn)破巖過(guò)程中,PDC鉆頭的切削齒與巖石直接接觸,鉆頭切削參數(shù)的不合理將會(huì)導(dǎo)致到鉆頭的穩(wěn)定性差、切削齒失效等現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生,從而降低了使用壽命。因此,研究切削齒與巖石的互作用過(guò)程對(duì)于減少切削齒損耗和提高破巖效率有著重要意義。本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)與離散元法研究了 PDC鉆頭切削齒在動(dòng)態(tài)鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中的力學(xué)性能。論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)根據(jù)離散元的基本理論和巖石的力學(xué)性質(zhì),建立了巖石的虛擬單軸壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn)和虛擬巴西劈裂法實(shí)驗(yàn)。在巖石的單軸壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn)和巴西劈裂法實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上推導(dǎo)出了巖石的細(xì)觀參數(shù),確定出了巖石的二維和三維離散元模型的本構(gòu)關(guān)系。最后,利用實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。(2)在巖石的二維和三維離散元模型的基礎(chǔ)上分別建立了 PDC單齒切削巖石的二維和三維離散元模型。通過(guò)兩種模型分別討論了切削齒前傾角和切削深度對(duì)破巖效果的影響規(guī)律。(3)建立了 PDC單齒切削圓盤(pán)形狀巖石的離散元模型,分析了不同切削方式對(duì)破巖效果的影響規(guī)律,并對(duì)切削齒的鉆進(jìn)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬分析;建立了 PDC單齒切削凹型和凸型巖石的離散元模型,并討論了不同巖石地貌形狀對(duì)PDC單齒破巖效果的影響。(4)建立了 PDC鉆頭單刀翼破巖離散元模型,分析了機(jī)械鉆速與轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)各切削齒的影響規(guī)律。并針對(duì)PDC單齒在切削巖石過(guò)程中的"攻擊性"與破碎比功進(jìn)行了研究。在相同機(jī)械鉆速和轉(zhuǎn)速情況下,切削齒的扭矩和軸向力均隨鉆頭中心軸線距離的增大呈先增大再減小的變化趨勢(shì)。各切削齒所受的切削力均隨機(jī)械鉆速的增大而增大,且肩部附近齒的切削力最大,而轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)切削力的影響較小。其它條件不變,機(jī)械鉆速對(duì)"攻擊性"的影響較小;切削齒的"攻擊性"隨轉(zhuǎn)速的增大而增大。(5)建立了 PDC全鉆頭破巖離散元模型,并對(duì)全鉆頭各切削齒的扭矩與軸向力的分布趨勢(shì)作出了預(yù)測(cè),利用PDC全鉆頭破巖室內(nèi)臺(tái)架實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)該模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。討論了全鉆頭各切削齒的載荷與破碎比功對(duì)破巖效果的影響;并針對(duì)全鉆頭各刀翼切削齒的扭矩和軸向力進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。研究結(jié)果表明:在PDC全鉆頭破巖過(guò)程中,鉆頭包絡(luò)面及外錐附近切削齒的扭矩值大于其它切削齒,軸向力沿鉆頭包絡(luò)線由中心到外側(cè)呈逐漸減小的變化趨勢(shì)。隨鉆頭徑向距離的增大時(shí),各刀翼切削齒的扭矩先增大再減小,而軸向力則逐漸減小。通過(guò)全鉆頭破碎砂巖數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果的鉆壓值和扭矩值與實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試的誤差分別為9.32%和3.64%。證實(shí)了 PDC全鉆頭破巖離散元模型的準(zhǔn)確性與可行性。
[Abstract]:The rock breaking step of PDC bit has accounted for more than 80% of the total drilling length. It has the characteristics of low cost, high drilling speed and long service life. At present, PDC bit has been widely used in the drilling and development of deep strata, and its rock breaking efficiency is mainly influenced by the cutting efficiency of cutting teeth. In the process of drilling, the parameters of cutting teeth and drilling parameters are used. The factors such as number and rock characteristics have an important influence on the mechanical properties of the PDC cutting teeth. In the whole drilling and breaking process, the cutting teeth of the PDC bit are directly contacted with the rock. The unreasonable cutting parameters of the bit will lead to the bad stability of the bit, the failure of the cutting teeth and so on, thus reducing the service life. Therefore, the study of the cutting teeth will be reduced. The interaction process of cutting teeth and rock is of great significance for reducing the loss of cutting teeth and improving the efficiency of rock breaking. On the basis of previous studies, this paper studies the mechanical properties of PDC bit cutting teeth in dynamic drilling through experiments and discrete element method. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) according to the basic theory of discrete element and the basic theory of discrete element, On the basis of the mechanical properties of rock, the virtual uniaxial compression experiment of rock and the experiment of the virtual Brazil splitting method are established. On the basis of the uniaxial compression experiment of rock and the experiment of the Brazil splitting method, the mesoscopic parameters of rock are derived and the constitutive relation of the two and three dimensional discrete element model of the rock is determined. Finally, the numerical simulation junction is used in the experiment. The results are verified. (2) on the basis of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional discrete element models of rock, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional discrete element models of PDC single tooth cutting rocks are established respectively. Through two models, the influence rules of the cutting tooth dip angle and the cutting depth on the rock breaking effect are discussed respectively. (3) the discretization of the PDC single tooth cutting disc shape rock is established. The influence law of different cutting methods on rock breaking effect is analyzed, and the drilling parameters of the cutting teeth are simulated and analyzed. The discrete element model of the PDC single tooth cutting concave and convex rock is established, and the influence of different rock geomorphic shapes on the PDC single tooth rock breaking effect is discussed. (4) the single wing breaking rock of the PDC bit is established. In the discrete element model, the influence of the mechanical drilling speed and speed on the cutting teeth is analyzed. The "aggressiveness" and the crushing work of the PDC single tooth in the process of cutting rock are studied. The torque and axial force of the cutting teeth increase first and then decrease with the increase of the distance between the center axis of the drill and the same mechanical drilling speed and speed. The cutting force of each cutting tooth is increased with the increase of the mechanical drilling speed, and the cutting force of the teeth near the shoulder is maximum, and the speed has little influence on the cutting force. Other conditions are not constant, the influence of the mechanical drilling speed on the "aggressiveness" is smaller; the cutting tooth "aggressiveness" increases with the speed of the cutting. (5) the PDC whole bit rock breaking rock is established. The discrete element model is used to predict the distribution trend of torque and axial force of the whole bit cutting teeth. The calculation results of the model are verified by the bench test of PDC full bit rock breaking room. The effect of the load and the crushing specific work of the cutting teeth on the whole bit on the rock breaking effect is discussed. The torque and axial force are compared and analyzed. The results show that the torque value of the cutting teeth of the bit envelope and the outer cone is larger than that of other cutting teeth in the PDC whole bit rock breaking process, and the axial force decreases gradually along the center to the outside of the bit envelope. The moment first increases and then decreases, while the axial force decreases gradually. The accuracy and feasibility of the discrete element model of PDC whole bit breaking rock is confirmed by the error of the drilling pressure and the torque value of the numerical simulation results of the full bit broken sandstone and the error of the experimental test by 9.32% and 3.64%. respectively.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE921.1

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