本文選題：鎂還原渣 + 制備　； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鎂還原渣是硅熱還原法煉鎂過程中產(chǎn)生的固體廢棄物。鎂還原渣的大量堆積,不但侵占了大面積的土地,造成資源的嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi),而且危害環(huán)境,造成土壤鹽堿化,水源破壞,空氣污染等。隨著近年來全球資源短缺、能源危機(jī)及環(huán)境污染等問題的日益嚴(yán)重,工業(yè)廢棄物的再利用已經(jīng)越來越得到國內(nèi)外科研工作者的關(guān)注。因此,解決鎂還原渣的再利用問題不但符合我國建立資源節(jié)約型社會的基本要求,而且在保護(hù)環(huán)境以及維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡等方面均具有重大意義。本文首先分析鎂還原渣的物理化學(xué)特性,探討利用其制備泡沫玻璃的可行性;其次通過正交實(shí)驗(yàn)確定工藝條件,利用燒結(jié)爐制備泡沫玻璃,并采用XRD、SEM等手段對其性能進(jìn)行分析;在此基礎(chǔ)上,對影響泡沫玻璃性能的因素進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果如下:(1)鎂還原渣含有CaO、SiO_2和MgO等成分,能滿足制備泡沫玻璃的基本要求。同時玻璃粉、助熔劑等可降低鎂還原渣的軟化溫度和堿度,達(dá)到制備所需的工藝條件。(2)正交實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:影響鎂還原渣泡沫玻璃表觀密度的因素從大到小依次為鎂還原渣摻量、發(fā)泡溫度、發(fā)泡時間,初步確定制備工藝條件為發(fā)泡溫度950℃,發(fā)泡時間30min。(3)泡沫玻璃內(nèi)部均有微晶析出,其中最主要的是CaSiO_3晶體,其次是Ca_2SiO_4晶體。隨著鎂還原渣摻量的增大,這些晶體的尺寸逐漸增大,當(dāng)鎂還原渣摻量大于35%時,泡沫玻璃內(nèi)部還出現(xiàn)Ca_2Fe_2O_5及CaAl_2Si_2O_3等晶體。(4)鎂還原渣摻量較小時,泡沫玻璃的抗壓強(qiáng)度較低,吸水率較大,對實(shí)際工程中的應(yīng)用造成限制;摻量較大時,表觀密度和吸水率過大,耐酸性差,不能滿足應(yīng)用要求;本實(shí)驗(yàn)中摻量為35%時泡沫玻璃性能最佳,其表觀密度為598 kg/m3、吸水率為0.43%、抗壓強(qiáng)度為5.34 MPa,孔隙率為73.78%,在酸液中質(zhì)量變化率為0.78%,在50~400℃的平均熱膨脹系數(shù)為9.5916×10-6/℃,且泡沫玻璃表面氣孔分布較為均勻,可滿足工業(yè)應(yīng)用需要。(5)選泡沫玻璃性能最佳的一組工藝條件,改變不同添加劑的摻量制備泡沫玻璃,結(jié)果表明:發(fā)泡劑摻量過小時,泡沫玻璃泡孔較小,表觀密度較大,摻量過大時出現(xiàn)連通孔,發(fā)泡不均勻,吸水率大;穩(wěn)泡劑摻量過小時,有狹長的大泡形成,過大時會產(chǎn)生大氣泡,均造成發(fā)泡不均勻,導(dǎo)致泡沫玻璃吸水率較大;不加助熔劑或摻量過小時,泡沫玻璃燒結(jié)度低,會產(chǎn)生較多開口孔,且表觀密度大,摻量過大時發(fā)泡不均勻,抗壓強(qiáng)度低且吸水率大。當(dāng)發(fā)泡劑、穩(wěn)泡劑、助熔劑分別為2%、3%、2%時,泡沫玻璃綜合性能最好。(6)改變溫度制度制備泡沫玻璃,結(jié)果表明:發(fā)泡溫度過低時,泡沫玻璃燒結(jié)度很低,有大量開口孔,表觀密度和吸水率都過大,過高時會造成發(fā)泡不均,導(dǎo)致其抗壓強(qiáng)度降低且吸水率較大;發(fā)泡時間過短時,泡沫玻璃的氣泡孔徑較小,表觀密度較大,過長時又會造成連通孔的增多,泡孔大小不一,導(dǎo)致其吸水率較大且抗壓強(qiáng)度較低。當(dāng)發(fā)泡溫度為950℃,時間為30 min時,泡沫玻璃綜合性能最好。
[Abstract]:Magnesium reduction slag is a solid waste produced during the process of magnesium smelting by silicon thermal reduction. A large amount of accumulation of magnesium reduction slag not only occupies large area of land, causes serious waste of resources, but also endangers the environment, causes soil salinization, water source destruction, air pollution and so on. With the shortage of global resources, energy crisis and environmental pollution in recent years, the problem of energy crisis and environmental pollution is asked. The problem is becoming more and more serious, and the reuse of industrial waste has been paid more and more attention by the researchers at home and abroad. Therefore, it is of great significance not only to solve the problem of reutilization of magnesium reduction slag, but also in protecting the environment and maintaining the balance of ecology. The physical and chemical properties of magnesium reduction slag and the feasibility of using it to prepare foam glass were discussed. Secondly, the process conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment, the foam glass was prepared by the sintering furnace, and the properties of the foam glass were analyzed by XRD and SEM. On this basis, the factors affecting the properties of the foam glass were experimentally verified. The results are as follows: (1) Magnesium reduction slag contains CaO, SiO_2 and MgO, which can meet the basic requirements for the preparation of foam glass. At the same time, glass powder, flux and so on can reduce the softening temperature and alkalinity of magnesium reduction slag. (2) the orthogonal experimental results show that the factors affecting the apparent density of magnesium reduction slag foam glass from large to small are magnesium. The amount of reducing slag, the foaming temperature and the foaming time, it is preliminarily determined that the preparation conditions are 950 degrees centigrade, and the foaming time 30min. (3) of the foam glass is microcrystalline, the most important is the CaSiO_3 crystal and the next is the Ca_2SiO_4 crystal. With the increase of the amount of magnesium reduction slag, the size of these crystals increases gradually, when the magnesium reduction slag is mixed. When the amount is greater than 35%, there are also Ca_2Fe_2O_5 and CaAl_2Si_2O_3 crystals inside the foam glass. (4) the amount of magnesium reduction slag is low, the compressive strength of the foam glass is low, the water absorption rate is large, and the application of the actual engineering is limited. When the volume is large, the apparent density and water absorption are too large and the acid resistance is poor, and it can not meet the application requirements; this experiment can not meet the requirements of the application. The properties of the foam glass are 35%, the apparent density is 598 kg/m3, the water absorption is 0.43%, the compressive strength is 5.34 MPa, the porosity is 73.78%, the mass change rate is 0.78% in the acid solution, the average thermal expansion coefficient at 50~400 C is 9.5916 x 10-6/ C, and the porosity distribution of the foam glass surface is more uniform, which can meet the needs of industrial application. (5) The foam glass was prepared by changing the addition amount of different additives. The results showed that the foam glass had a small bubble hole, a large apparent density, a large apparent density when the amount of foaming agent was overdoped. Large bubbles will produce large bubbles, which cause unevenness of foams and lead to large water absorption of foam glass. Without the aid of flux or the amount of adulterate, the sintering degree of foam glass is low, and many opening holes will be produced, and the apparent density is large, the foaming is uneven, the compressive strength is low and the water absorption rate is great. When the foaming agent, foam stabilizer, and flux are 2%, 3%, 2%, respectively, bubble Foam glass has the best comprehensive properties. (6) change the temperature system to make foam glass. The results show that when the foaming temperature is too low, the sintering degree of foam glass is very low, there are a large number of opening holes, the apparent density and water absorption are too large, too high will cause uneven foaming, which leads to the reduction of its compressive strength and the greater water absorption; foam glass is too short when the foaming time is too short. The size of the bubble is small and the apparent density is large, and the number of connected holes will increase when the bubble is too long. The size of the bubble hole is different and the water absorption rate is larger and the compressive strength is low. When the foaming temperature is 950 C and the time is 30 min, the comprehensive performance of the foam glass is the best.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ171.722

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